The relatively new regions in Denmark, mainly responsible for health care, are tasked with regional economic development to promote growth. This chapter first considers the mandates and institutions associated with the regional authorities. It then reviews the regional development policy context as well as that of national innovation and business development policies. The regional role in a multi-level governance context of municipalities, central government, and the EU is discussed. The chapter then explores the governance challenges of co-ordination within the region (among municipalities), with central government, and with other regions in Denmark and beyond to best achieve national and regional growth goals.