Slovenia
En 2021, 19 000 nouveaux immigrés ont obtenu un permis de résidence de plus de 12 mois en Slovénie (à l’exclusion des citoyens de l’UE), soit 52.9 % de plus qu’en 2020. Ce chiffre comprend 70.9 % de travailleurs migrants, 28 % de membres de la famille (y compris la famille accompagnante), 0.4 % de personnes venues pour des raisons d’éducation et 0.7 % d’autres migrants. En outre, la Slovénie a accueilli 2 700 immigrants bénéficiant de la libre circulation. Environ 1 200 permis de courte durée ont été délivrés à des étudiants internationaux et 4 700 à des travailleurs migrants temporaires et saisonniers (à l’exclusion de la migration intra-UE). Par ailleurs, 13 000 détachements intra-UE ont été enregistrés en 2021, soit une augmentation de 13 % par rapport à 2020. Ces travailleurs détachés ont généralement des contrats de courte durée.
This country note provides an overview of the key characteristics of the education system in Slovenia. It draws on data from Education at a Glance 2023. In line with the thematic focus of this year’s Education at a Glance, it emphasises vocational education and training (VET), while also covering other parts of the education system. Data in this note are provided for the latest available year. Readers interested in the reference years for the data are referred to the corresponding tables in Education at a Glance 2023.
This paper provides evidence on the impact of digitalisation on productivity in Slovenia during the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic affected overall labour productivity negatively. Nonetheless, results show that firms that were more ICT-intensive before the pandemic experienced a smaller decline in their labour productivity growth compared to their less ICT-intensive peers in the same 2-digit level sector. This resilience effect was strongest for firms that are integrated in global value chains. A second finding is that COVID-19 resulted in productivity-enhancing reallocation of labour to ICT-intensive firms, reflecting that these firms registered higher employment growth relative to their less ICT-intensive peers during the pandemic. A third finding is that high levels of state ownership in a sector was associated with less productivity-enhancing reallocation. This suggests that state-owned enterprises retained workers that could be redirected to more productive firms. Together, these findings highlight the potential of digitalisation to support resilience and stronger productivity growth, although labour market rigidities and state ownership hamper the positive impact of digitalisation.
This paper provides evidence on the effects of digitalisation on the labour market in Slovenia using a unique dataset of Slovenian workers and firms for the years 2016 to 2020. Results show that at the firm level, digitalisation – measured in terms of ICT investment, is associated with positive and statistically significant effects on employment. However, job growth is not evenly distributed: High-skilled workers and younger workers benefit the most from employment gains, whereas there is little to no employment increases for low- and medium-skilled workers and older workers aged 50 or more. Furthermore, employment effects from digitalisation are strongest for private manufacturing firms. In contrast, ICT investment by state-owned firms is not associated with employment gains.
GDP growth is projected to slow to 1.5% in 2023, reflecting weak domestic and external demand. The labour market is expected to remain tight, fuelling stronger wage growth and contributing to inflationary pressures. Growth will strengthen to 2.6% in 2024 as inflationary pressures gradually recede.
La croissance du PIB devrait refluer à 1.5 % en 2023, du fait du fléchissement de la demande intérieure et extérieure. Le marché du travail devrait rester tendu, alimentant une plus forte croissance des salaires et contribuant aux tensions inflationnistes. La croissance s’accélérera pour atteindre 2.6 % en 2024, à mesure que les tensions inflationnistes diminueront progressivement.