1887

Paraguay

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Este capítulo apresenta uma avaliação do Paraguai. Inicia com uma visão geral do contexto do Paraguai e, em seguida, analisa o progresso do país em oito dimensões mensuráveis. O capítulo conclui com recomendações de políticas específicas.

Spanish, English

Este capítulo ofrece una evaluación de Paraguay. Comienza con una visión general del contexto paraguayo y, a continuación, analiza los progresos de Paraguay en ocho dimensiones mensurables. El capítulo concluye con recomendaciones de políticas específicas.

Portuguese, English

This chapter provides an assessment of Paraguay. It begins with an overview of Paraguay’s context and subsequently analyses Paraguay’s progress across eight measurable dimensions. The chapter concludes with targeted policy recommendations.

Spanish, Portuguese

Paraguay has faced multiple shocks in the past five years as the COVID-19 pandemic was bookended by severe droughts that affected two key sectors, electricity production and agricultural production. The economy has demonstrated remarkable resilience during this period, supported by policy measures commensurate with the magnitude of the challenge, like the USD 2 billion fiscal response to the pandemic. These shocks have also exposed key underlying vulnerabilities in the country’s economy and development model, including reliance on agricultural exports, informality, limited revenue-raising capacity, and exposure to the consequences of climate change. The response and stimulus recognised these issues and found new ways to address or circumvent them, albeit in many cases not efficiently or permanently. This report draws lessons from policy measures implemented during the pandemic and recovery phase and applies them to current strategic challenges. In doing so, it highlights policy priorities to make Paraguay’s development path more inclusive, stronger and more resilient.

The direct economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was muted in Paraguay compared to other countries in the region. However, the pandemic was bookended by two severe droughts that have challenged the economic recovery. Diversifying the economy is critical to enhance growth and resilience to climate change. It is also a major challenge in a context of high informality in a landlocked country. This chapter examines how measures established during the crisis and recovery period can support the country in tackling structural challenges. Credit support measures can support a formalisation effort that will have to be broader and combine ongoing administrative simplification efforts with support to increase the productivity of MSMEs and foster integration in regional and global value chains.

In the past five years, multiple severe shocks have threatened the development trajectory of Latin American countries. The COVID-19 pandemic, the ensuing global economic downturn, and the global consequences of Russia’s war of aggression on Ukraine have brought new challenges and exposed existing vulnerabilities in the development models of the countries in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. The COVID-19 pandemic was a momentous shock, and the immediate response measures taken by most LAC governments to alleviate its impact on health systems, households, workers and firms was ambitious. The response also included important policy innovations to effectively mitigate, and sometimes address, major structural vulnerabilities. Although these measures were seldom sustainable or fully efficient, they harbour lessons for adjusting the medium to long-term development strategy of the countries of the region.

Paraguay responded to the social challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis by buttressing existing social programmes and implementing several ad hoc emergency social transfer programmes targeting food security and workers excluded from the social protection system. Paraguay is facing up to the challenge of building a comprehensive social protection system. This chapter examines how the implementation of emergency programmes during the pandemic hold valuable lessons for the future of social protection in the country. They can pave the way to expanding the coverage of income support measures, to improving targeting and delivery through digitalisation, and to expanding active labour market policies.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Paraguay mobilised sizeable fiscal resources, utilising its fiscal buffers, and put in place several credit support mechanisms. In the recovery period, it has increased capital expenditure above its historic average. Going forward, the country will need to rebuild fiscal buffers while building on the progress made in recent years in simplifying the tax system and setting a framework to mobilise sustainable development finance flows. This chapter examines lessons from the pandemic and recovery periods that can help Paraguay establish a comprehensive fiscal strategy and mobilise public and private resources towards a green and sustainable development path.

Paraguay has faced multiple shocks in the past five years and has responded in an effort to keep development on track. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population was comparable to that of other countries in the region, with 19 289 fatalities and long lockdown periods and school closures. The economy weathered the crisis with the lowest contraction in Latin America and the Caribbean (0.8% of GDP). However, the pandemic was bookended by severe droughts which affected electricity production and the agricultural sector, leading to a contraction of 0.4% of GDP in 2019 and growth of 0.1% in 2022, as well as to temporary imbalances in the current account. Increasing food prices and heightened volatility in the markets for soft commodities following Russia’s war of aggression on Ukraine have also created an uncertain external environment for development policy in the country.

Paraguay has faced multiple shocks in the past five years, with severe droughts bookending the COVID-19 pandemic, and has responded with a determined effort to keep development on track. The public policy responses to the pandemic and the recovery offer valuable lessons for responding to structural challenges in the country’s development. This chapter summarises the findings of this report and presents policy priorities for an inclusive, strong and resilient future development trajectory in Paraguay.

  • 04 Jul 2024
  • OECD, CAF Development Bank of Latin America, SELA Latin American and Caribbean Economic System
  • Pages: 257

This report assesses and monitors progress in the design and implementation of SME policies in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. It was developed as part of the OECD LAC Regional Programme, in co-operation with CAF-Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean and the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA). The 2024 report tracks progress made since 2019 across eight policy dimensions and presents the latest key findings on SME development and related policies. It identifies emerging challenges impacting SMEs in the region and provides recommendations for governments to build a successful SME sector. The 2024 edition, the second in the series, benefits from an updated methodology that analyses SME digital transformation support policies, introduces a green economy pilot dimension, and incorporates a cross-cutting gender approach. This edition extends the coverage by introducing two new countries (Brazil and Paraguay) to the already seven participating countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay), guaranteeing the inclusion of all members of the Pacific Alliance and Mercosur.

Spanish, Portuguese
  • 04 Jul 2024
  • OECD, CAF Development Bank of Latin America, SELA Latin American and Caribbean Economic System
  • Pages: 276

Este informe evalúa y monitorea el progreso en el diseño e implementación de políticas para PyMEs en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Ha sido elaborado como parte del Programa Regional ALC de la OCDE, en cooperación con CAF-Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe y el Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe (SELA). El reporte de 2024 hace un seguimiento de los progresos realizados desde 2019 en ocho dimensiones de política pública y presenta las últimas conclusiones clave sobre el desarrollo de las PyMEs. Identifica los retos emergentes que afectan a las PyME en la región y ofrece recomendaciones a los gobiernos para construir un sector de PyME exitoso. La edición de 2024, la segunda de la serie, se beneficia de una metodología actualizada que analiza las políticas de apoyo a la transformación digital de las PyMEs, introduce una dimensión piloto de economía verde e incorpora un enfoque transversal de género. Esta edición amplía la cobertura introduciendo dos nuevos países (Brasil y Paraguay) a los ya siete países participantes (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México, Perú y Uruguay), garantizando la inclusión de todos los miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico y Mercosur.

English, Portuguese
  • 04 Jul 2024
  • OECD, CAF Development Bank of Latin America, SELA Latin American and Caribbean Economic System
  • Pages: 276

Este relatório avalia e monitora o progresso na elaboração e implementação de políticas para PMEs na região da América Latina e do Caribe (ALC). Ele foi preparado como parte do Programa Regional da OCDE para a ALC, em cooperação com o CAF-Banco de Desenvolvimento da América Latina e do Caribe e o Sistema Econômico da América Latina e do Caribe (SELA). O relatório 2024 acompanha o progresso desde 2019 em oito dimensões de políticas públicas e apresenta as principais conclusões mais recentes sobre o desenvolvimento das PMEs. Ele identifica os desafios emergentes que afetam as PMEs na região e oferece recomendações aos governos para construir um setor de PMEs bem-sucedido. A edição de 2024, a segunda da série, se beneficia de uma metodologia atualizada que analisa as políticas de apoio à transformação digital das PMEs, introduz uma dimensão piloto de economia verde e incorpora uma abordagem transversal de gênero. Esta edição amplia a cobertura com a introdução de dois novos países (Brasil e Paraguai) aos já sete países participantes (Argentina, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, México, Peru e Uruguai), garantindo a inclusão de todos os membros da Aliança do Pacífico e do Mercosul.

Spanish, English

Paraguay has five tax agreements in force, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire. One of those agreements, the agreement with Uruguay, complies with the minimum standard.

French

Le Pakistan compte 66 conventions fiscales en vigueur, comme l’indique sa réponse au questionnaire d’examen par les pairs. Trente-huit de ces conventions sont conformes au standard minimum.

English

La pobreza en Paraguay disminuyó del 24.0% en 2016 al 21.1% en 2022, por debajo del promedio, 24.1%, registrado en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). La pobreza extrema se mantuvo estable en 7.9% entre 2016 y 2022, manteniéndose por debajo del promedio de ALC (8.3%). El coeficiente de Gini descendió de 47.9 en 2016 a 42.9 en 2021 y se sitúa por debajo del promedio registrado en los países de ALC (44.8). Por lo que se refiere a los indicadores de inversión y transformación productiva, la inversión total en Paraguay aumentó del 19.1% del PIB en 2016 al 21.8% en 2022, de manera que el país se sitúa ligeramente por encima del promedio de ALC del 21.3% en el mismo período. Sin embargo, la inversión privada descendió ligeramente, del 11.1% del PIB al 10.7%, manteniéndose por debajo del promedio de ALC (15.8% en 2019). La productividad laboral de Paraguay, medida con respecto a la producción de Estados Unidos por persona empleada, disminuyó del 22.9% en 2016 al 22.0% en 2023, por debajo del promedio de ALC del 27.1% en 2023. La proporción de exportaciones de productos de alta tecnología en los bienes manufacturados exportados totales disminuyó ligeramente, del 7.6% en 2016 al 7.4% en 2021, aunque se mantiene por encima del promedio de ALC en 2021 (7.2%). Las percepciones positivas de la inversión extranjera directa (IED), que descendieron en toda la región, también lo hicieron en Paraguay, del 84.6% en 2016 al 55.4% en 2020. Los ingresos tributarios del país aumentaron del 13.4% del PIB en 2016 al 14.0% en 2021, aunque se mantienen por debajo del promedio regional de ALC (21.5% del PIB). Los ingresos tributarios ambientales se mantuvieron prácticamente sin cambios, al descender del 1.0% del PIB en 2016 al 0.9% en 2021, lo que sitúa a Paraguay en el mismo nivel que el promedio de ALC.

English

Poverty in Paraguay decreased from 24.0% in 2016 to 21.1% in 2022, below the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) average of 24.1%. Extreme poverty has remained stable at 7.9% between 2016 and 2022, but remains below the LAC average (8.3%). The Gini index decreased from 47.9 in 2016 to 42.9 in 2021 and is now below the LAC average (44.8). Regarding investment and production transformation indicators, total investment in Paraguay increased from 19.1% of GDP in 2016 to 21.8% in 2022, placing the country slightly above the LAC average of 21.3% over the same period. Private investment, however, slightly decreased, from 11.1% of GDP to 10.7%, remaining below the LAC average (15.8% in 2019). Paraguay’s labour productivity, measured against output per employed person in the United States, decreased from 22.9% in 2016 to 22.0% in 2023, below the LAC average of 27.1% in 2023. The share of exports of high-tech products in total exported manufactured goods declined marginally, from 7.6% in 2016 to 7.4% in 2021 but remains above the LAC average in 2021 (7.2%). Positive perceptions of foreign direct investment (FDI), which declined across the region, dropped in Paraguay, from 84.6% in 2016 to 55.4% in 2020. The country’s tax revenue increased from 13.4% of GDP in 2016 to 14.0% in 2021 but remains below the LAC average (21.5% of GDP). Environment-related tax revenues remained almost unchanged, declining from 1.0% of GDP in 2016 to 0.9% in 2021, positioning Panama on par with the LAC average.

Spanish
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