This chapter provides an overview of the performance and the structural characteristics of the Mexican economy. It is divided into two main sections. The first section describes the performance of the Mexican economy over the past two decades and the current situation and prospects. While great progress has been made to achieve macroeconomic stability the rate of growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita remains insufficient for a rapid catching-up to the levels of other OECD members (Figure 1.1). The second section therefore discusses some framework conditions that are of key importance to raise growth potential of the Mexican economy and which would at the same time improve productivity in the agricultural and fisheries sectors.