This chapter highlights key challenges to be addressed to improve the policy framework for sustainable investment in agriculture, drawing from the OECD Policy Framework for Investment in Agriculture. First, it examines the key trends of domestic and foreign investment in agriculture since the Doi Moi reforms in 1986, and provides an overview of Viet Nam’s investment policy, focusing on efforts to promote public-private partnerships, reduce the role of state-owned enterprises and enhance food safety. Then, it examines policies and measures for investment promotion, including investment incentives and licensing procedures, and describes land tenure policy as secure land tenure is a key condition for sustainable investment in agriculture. It also analyses existing policies intending to facilitate access to finance by agricultural investors, and examines the constraints faced by investors arising from infrastructure development, trade policy, human resource development and research. Finally, it reviews policies aiming to promote responsible business conduct in agriculture. The last section summarises the key findings of the chapter.