This chapter examines the potential benefits from liberalising foreign direct investment in the fisheries sectors of OECD countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as an activity in which an investor resident in one country obtains a lasting interest in, and an influence on the operation of, an entity in another country. The analysis reveals that there are significant restrictions on inward FDI to the fish harvesting sectors of most OECD countries. This stands in stark contrast to most other economic sectors in OECD countries where barriers to FDI have fallen significantly over the past few decades and where FDI restrictions are now generally low. In the meantime, restrictions on FDI to the fish processing sector are very low. The paper presents a cross-country comparison of FDI restrictiveness in the sector using an index of restrictiveness based on the type and degree of restrictions in place in each country.