Browse by: "2015"
Index
Title Index
Year Index
This fourth edition monitors SMEs’ and entrepreneurs’ access to finance in 34 countries over the period 2007-13, across an expanded array of indicators, including debt, equity, asset-based finance and framework conditions. These are complemented by an overview of recent developments in public and private initiatives to support SME finance, and a special focus on non-performing loans. The report aims to provide a comprehensive framework for policy makers and other stakeholders to evaluate the financing needs of SMEs.
Measuring regulators’ performance can strengthen the contribution of regulatory policies to sustainable growth and development. While measuring a regulator’s performance is a fundamental function of a “world class” regulator, it is challenging, starting with the definition of what should be measured and including the attribution of outcomes to regulators’ actions and the availability of robust and evidence-based evaluation methodologies. This review is the first application of an innovative methodology that helps regulators address these challenges and improve the way in which they assess their own performance. The mehtodology puts performance measurement in the wider context of governance arrangements of economic regulators. The review finds a close link between the independence of the regulator and performance. It also stresses the importance of focusing on regulatory tools and processes and measuring their quality to help improve performance. It highlights the need to define clear goals to develop output and outcome indicators that can be actionable and useful for the regulator. The review provides a roadmap for strengthening performance assessment by Colombia's communications regulator and is expected to help advance the better regulation agenda of other Colombian regulators and economic regulators of OECD members.
China needs a new model of urbanisation to match the shift to a new model of growth. For decades, both urbanisation and growth have been based on robust export demand, cheap labour, cheap land and artificially low pricing of environmental externalities. None of these can support growth or urban development in the future. This review examines the major challenges associated with the shift to a new model of urbanisation, looking at a range such issues as social and labour-market policies, land use and transport planning, urban planning, urban governance and public finance. The review presents a new assessment of China’s major cities, which defines functional urban areas based on settlement patterns and commuting zones rather than cities defined as administrative units. The results show, among other things, that China has many more mega-cities, with populations above 10 million, than the official data suggest. The good news for China is that the reforms needed to foster what the authorities call “people-centred urbanisation”, while complex, are coherent with one another and supportive of the broader shift to a growth model that relies more on domestic demand and productivity growth.
This report summarises the current situation in fisheries and aquaculture, observing that in many parts of the world these sectors are at risk and do not reach their full potential. However, the prospects for sustained growth are good if reforms along the lines suggested by the OECD Green Growth Strategy are undertaken. The report emphasises the need for a strong, science-based approach to stock management for resource sustainability, combined with a transparent and reactive policy development cycle to ensure that fisheries deliver maximum possible benefits. The report shows that improved regulation to deal with environmental externalities and space competition is key to unlocking future growth potential of aquaculture.
This publication is a first response of the OECD to the issue of what role is, or can be, assigned to SOEs as part of national development strategies. The first part of the publication overviews the experiences of five countries (Brazil, China, India, Singapore and South Africa) with using SOEs, and other government-controlled entities as agents of their development strategies. The second part reviews the growing internationalisation of SOEs through foreign trade and investment. These show implications that the usefulness of SOEs in promoting economic development hinges on a number of factors, not least the level of economic development at the beginning of the process. Indeed, if the government’s ambition is to follow a development path already trod by numerous comparable nations it is relatively easy to hammer out a strategy and provide the SOEs with company-specific objectives toward the fulfilment of the strategy. However, experience also shows that some crucial conditions generally need to be met for such SOE-based strategies to be successful, taking into account the capacity of national bureaucracies and avoiding possible adverse impacts on international trade and investment.
The OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme provides independent assessments of countries’ progress in achieving their domestic and international environmental policy commitments, together with policy relevant recommendations. They are conducted to promote peer learning, to enhance governments’ accountability to each other and to the public, and to improve countries’ environmental performance, individually and collectively. The reviews are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data. Each cycle of the Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD member countries and selected partner countries. The most recent reviews include: Iceland (2014), Sweden (2014), Colombia (2014).
This report is the third OECD review of Poland’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on forestry and biodiversity, as well as waste and materials management.
Volume II of this series compiles the science-based consensus documents of the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2009 to 2014. They contain information for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products of modern biotechnology, i.e. developed from transgenic crops. Relevant information includes compositional considerations (nutrients, anti-nutrients, toxicants, allergens), use of the plant species as food/feed, key products and components suggested for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use, and other elements. These documents should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, regulators and risk assessors in national authorities for their comparative approach, as well as the wider scientific community.
Les programmes de formation professionnelle supérieure font face à des marchés du travail qui évoluent rapidement et à des défis de plus en plus difficiles à relever. Quel type de formation est nécessaire pour répondre aux besoins d’économies en pleine mutation ? Comment financer les programmes ? Comment les relier aux programmes d’enseignement général et supérieur ? Comment associer les employeurs et les syndicats à ce processus ? C’est à ces questions, et à d’autres, que tentent de répondre les rapports nationaux de la série de l’OCDE Apprendre au-delà de l’école, qui étudie les politiques nationales en matière de formation professionnelle postsecondaire.
This report is based on survey responses provided by delegates to the OECD Network of Senior Officials from Centres of Government from 35 countries. It represents one of the first cross-national empirical assessments of Centres of Government today, summarising the data and providing some preliminary observations. The final report will integrate additional comments and updated information from countries. The results of the OECD survey provide a unique knowledge base that countries can draw on to benchmark the performance and evolution of their own Centres of Government. The data will also be used to support OECD’s research agenda on good governance as well as country-specific policy reviews.
This review assesses the performance of Colombian agriculture over the last two decades, evaluates Colombian agricultural policy reforms and provides recommendations to address key challenges in the future. The evaluation is based on the approach that agriculture policy should be evidence-based and carefully designed and implemented to support productivity, competitiveness and sustainability, while avoiding unnecessary distortions to production decisions and to trade. The report includes a special chapter focusing on agricultural innovation.
El pescado en su plato pudo haber sido capturado por un arrastrero de alta tecnología, atrapado por un pescador solitario, criado junto con otras toneladas de pescado o robado por piratas. Incluso, pescado en el Atlántico meridional, descargado en Europa y procesado en China. La globalización, las relaciones Norte-Sur, el cambio en las actitudes y el estilo de vida, y la manera en que administramos los recursos naturales influyen en las pesquerías.
En este libro, se utiliza el conocimiento experto de la OCDE para evaluar estas cuestiones y se describen los retos que enfrentan quienes trabajan en la industria. Además de los pescadores y su familia, también se considera el punto de vista de las ONG, los especialistas gubernamentales, los científicos y los expertos independientes.
This report reviews the experience of Panama in designing, implementing and evaluating innovation policy. It provides a comparative analysis of Panama’s innovation performance and reviews the design and implementation of the national innovation policy focusing on the National Plan (2010-2014). The review of the institutional setting, the policy mix and budget for innovation policy includes a comparison with the experience of two peer countries, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay.
OECD360 sisältää OECD:n keskeisten julkaisujen viimeisimmät analyysit ja tiedot. Lukuisat graafiset esitykset kuvaavat tärkeimpiä ajankohtaisia asioita. Koulutus, työllisyys, vihreä kasvu, aluekehitys, maatalous, taloudellinen kasvu, talouskriisi ja sen seuraukset yhteiskuntiin ja kehitykseen: kahdeksan aihetta, jotka yhteenvetona tarjoavat läpileikkauksen Suomen ja muiden OECD-maiden tilanteesta. Jokaisen artikkelin yhteydessä on kaksi sivua tilastoja, jotka on otettu alkuperäisiin julkaisuihin sisältyvistä graafisista esityksistä – mukana StatLinkit, joiden avulla jokaisen grafiikan lähdetiedon voi ladata.
OECD360 toob teieni OECD peamistest väljaannetest pärit uusimad analüüsid ja andmed. Mitmed graafikud illustreerivad praegusi peamisi probleeme. Haridus, tööhõive, keskkonnahoidlik majanduskasv, regionaalsed perspektiivid, põllumajandus, majanduskasv, finantskriis ja selle tagajärjed ühiskonnale ja majandusarengule: need on kaheksa teemat, millega võetakse kokku teie riigi olukord ja kogu vastav rahvusvaheline olukord. Iga artikliga kaasnevad kaks lehekülge graafikutega, milles tõstetakse esile originaalväljaande kolme graafiku OECD andmed, kusjuures Statlinksi kaudu on võimalik iga graafiku algandmed alla laadida.
Brožúra OECD360 vám ponúka najnovšie analýzy a údaje z vlajkových publikácií OECD. Množstvo ilustrácií znázorňuje aktuálne najdôležitejšie problémy. Vzdelávanie, zamestnanosť, ochranu životného prostredia, regionálny rozvoj, poľnohospodárstvo, hospodársky rast, finančná kríza a jej dôsledky pre spoločnosť a rozvoj: 8 tém, ktoré sumarizujú situáciu vašej krajiny i celej medzinárodnej scény. Každý článok dopĺňajú dve strany grafických znázornení so zvýraznenými údajmi OECD prevzatými z pôvodných publikácií – prevzatie zdrojových údajov pre každé grafické znázornenie umožňuje program Statlinks.
OECD360 innehåller de senaste analyserna och den senaste informationen från de främsta OECD-publikationerna. Det finns rikligt med grafik som illustrerar viktiga frågor. Utbildning, sysselsättning, grön tillväxt, regionala perspektiv, jordbruk, ekonomisk tillväxt, finanskrisen och dess följder för samhället och utvecklingen: åtta ämnen som sammanfattar läget för Sverige och för det internationella samfundet. Till varje artikel finns två sidor med grafik med OECDinformation från tre diagram i den ursprungliga publikationen och det går även att hämta källdata till varje diagram via Statlinks.
OECD360 fornisce le analisi e i dati più recenti provenienti dalle pubblicazioni principali dell'OECD. Numerosi grafici illustrano le questioni attuali più importanti. Istruzione, occupazione, crescita verde, prospettive regionali, agricoltura, crescita economica, la crisi finanziaria e le sue conseguenze sulla società e sullo sviluppo: 8 temi che riassumono la situazione del tuo Paese e dell'intera scena internazionale. Ciascun articolo è corredato da due pagine di grafici che mettono in rilievo i dati OECD tratti da tre grafici provenienti dalla pubblicazione originale. Gli Statlink consentono di scaricare i dati originali relativi a ciascun grafico.
OECD360 biedt u de meest recente analyses en gegevens uit belangrijke OECD-publicaties. Talrijke afbeeldingen illustreren belangrijke lopende kwesties. Onderwijs, werkgelegenheid, groene groei, regionale perspectieven, landbouw, economische groei, de financiële crisis en de gevolgen daarvan op de samenleving en ontwikkeling: 8 onderwerpen die de situatie van uw land en die van het hele internationale toneel samenvatten. Elk artikel gaat vergezeld van twee pagina’s met graphics die de gegevens van de OECD uit drie grafieken uit de originele publicatie duidelijk weergeven - met Statlinks waarmee de brongegevens van elke graphic kunnen worden gedownload.