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Las evaluaciones inter pares del derecho y política de competencia son una herramienta valiosa para reformar y fortalecer el marco de competencia de un país. Este examen inter-pares de Ecuador presenta la evolución de su régimen de competencia y evalúa su legislación y política de competencia.

El Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas públicas de conducta empresarial responsable (CER) de México busca fomentar el papel del Gobierno de México en la promoción de prácticas empresariales que maximizan la contribución de las empresas al desarrollo sostenible y que previenen y mitigan los impactos adversos que sus actividades, cadenas de suministro o relaciones comerciales pueden causar, o contribuir a causar, sobre las personas, el planeta y la sociedad.

With a share of 36%, youth (aged 12-30) represent more than one-third of the total population in Jordan. Public governance is critical for supporting youth’s transition to full autonomy and providing opportunities for their participation in economic, social and public life. The COVID-19 has hit young people in Jordan hard and has underlined the importance of access to high-quality public services and to opportunities to participate in decision making. This report provides an analysis of the governance arrangements put in place by the Government of Jordan to deliver youth-responsive policy outcomes with a focus on five areas: 1) Jordan’s National Youth Strategy 2019-25, 2) Institutional capacities of the Ministry of Youth, 3) Governance tools to mainstream youth’s considerations in policy making and service delivery, 4) Youth participation and representation in public life and 5) Youth-responsive legal frameworks.

The financial management of catastrophe risks presents an important public policy challenge for governments across the world. Climate change, the increasing reliance on digital technologies and socioeconomic trends such as globalisation and urbanisation are affecting the frequency and severity of the floods, cyclones, cyber-attacks and infectious disease outbreaks that produce significant financial, economic and social costs each year. This report examines the role of catastrophe risk insurance programmes (i.e. loss-sharing arrangements within the insurance sector and often in partnership with governments) in broadening the availability of affordable insurance coverage for catastrophe risks and limiting risks to public finances.

Die miteinander verbundenen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit erfordern einen kohärenten und multidimensionalen Ansatz für das Verwaltungs- und Regierungshandeln. Die OECD-Eckpunkte für gutes Verwaltungs- und Regierungshandeln bieten staatlichen Stellen aller Ebenen ein integriertes Diagnose-, Orientierungs- und Benchmarkinginstrument, das auf die Verbesserung der Qualität öffentlicher Governance abzielt ‒ ein Ziel, das für die Staaten gerade bei ihren Bemühungen zur Bewältigung der COVID-19-Krise und zur Vorbereitung einer nachhaltigen und alle gesellschaftlichen Gruppen einbeziehenden Erholung von unmittelbarer strategischer Bedeutung ist. Dieses Eckpunktepapier stützt sich auf einschlägige OECD-Rechtsinstrumente sowie auf Erkenntnisse, die in den letzten zehn Jahren im Rahmen der Public Governance Reviews der OECD und anderer länder- und sektorspezifischer Bewertungen gesammelt wurden. Der erste Teil des Papiers stellt die Bedeutung zentraler Governance-Werte heraus und gibt einen Überblick über die Voraussetzungen guten Verwaltungs- und Regierungshandelns, die staatliche Stellen für erfolgreiche Reformen schaffen können. Der zweite Teil bietet eine Übersicht über Managementtools und Instrumente der Politik, die die Qualität und Wirkung der in den verschiedenen Stadien des Politikzyklus ergriffenen Maßnahmen verbessern können. In jedem Kapitel werden eine Reihe strategischer Fragen gestellt, die die Entscheidungsträger nutzen können, um die institutionellen und entscheidungsrelevanten Fähigkeiten ihrer Regierungs- und Verwaltungsstellen in Schlüsselbereichen der öffentlichen Governance selbst zu bewerten.

The project “Compilation of Available Tools and Models Used for Assessing Consumer Exposure to Manufactured Nanomaterials and Evaluation of their Applicability in Exposure Assessments” aimed to (1) compile the available tools and models for assessing consumer exposure to Manufactured Nanomaterials (MNMs), and (2) evaluate their applicability to MNM exposure assessment. This document presents the outcomes of the performance testing for 7 models/tools under the second objective of the project. The tested models/tools were selected out of 15 nano-specific models/tools compiled through an extensive literature review of peer-reviewed publications, the outcomes from recent international projects and inventories, and consultation with OECD under the first objective. The performance testing assessed the predictive capability of models/tools by comparing the output of models/tools with measurement data. Due to low availability of measurement data suitable for the performance testing for consumer exposure scenarios, the performance testing was limited to a few case studies in this work. Case studies were selected for the performance testing for each model/tool based on data availability for input and output of model/tool, and scope of model/tool.

This document provides a compilation of 32 models/tools, 9 of which were assessed under the occupational project, 9 under the consumer project, and the remaining 14 under both projects. The compilation of the models/tools was created by consultation within the OECD and by searching in several OECD, EU and US EPA projects, as well as peer-reviewed scientific articles, books, thesis and technical reports. A summary of the 32 compiled tools is provided in the report in table format. From the 32 compiled tools, 27 were assessed by scope analysis, and accessibility and support. The remaining 5 tools, which are part of the consumer project, were not further considered, as they are not nanospecific (the consumer project focuses only on nanospecific models/tools). In the scope analysis, tool description, mapping of input and output parameters, domain and assumptions are detailed. In addition, the tools were assessed according to their accessibility and support, which addresses the user interface of the models/tools and availability of guidance documents and input parameters.

Energy service companies (ESCOs) deliver energy efficiency projects that are financed through the resulting energy cost savings. ESCOs can thus unlock energy efficiency action by addressing barriers related to funding and technical expertise. Despite their potential, many governments still struggle to stimulate development of a market for ESCOs. Evolving Energy Service Companies in People’s Republic of China, (“China” hereafter) provides an overview of how China has built the world’s largest and fastest growing ESCO market over the past decades. This report highlights how the government’s strategic measures to set up key agencies for ESCOs, engage the State-Owned Enterprises, and encourage market play by bringing in commercial players, in line with China’s socio-economic transition, have been critical to making the Chinese ESCO model a success. Looking ahead, ESCOs in China continue to evolve, for example by using digital technologies to make their businesses more sustainable and lucrative. Based on the insights gained from a survey of major ESCOs in China, the report highlights the challenges and opportunities of digitalisation and provides some policy insights.

Education systems operate in a world that is constantly evolving towards new equilibria, yet short-term crises may disrupt, accelerate or divert longer-term evolutions. This Framework for Responsiveness and Resilience in Education Policy aims to support policy makers to balance the urgent challenge of building eco-systems that adapt in the face of disruption and change (resilience), and the important challenge of navigating the ongoing evolution from industrial to post-industrial societies and economies (responsiveness). Building on international evidence and analysis from over 40 education systems, this framework endeavours to establish tangible, transferable and actionable definitions of resilience. These definitions, which are the goals of the framework (Why?), are underpinned by policy components of responsiveness (What?), which define priority areas for education policy makers. Policy pointers for resilience (How?) then illustrate how policy makers can apply these components in ways that promote resilience at the learner, broader learning environment and system levels of the policy ecosystem. Finally, a transversal component looks into the people and the processes undertaken in order to reach a given purpose (Who?). The report has been prepared with evidence from the Education Policy Outlook series – the OECD’s analytical observatory of education policy.

The OECD report Innovative Citizen Participation and New Democratic Institutions: Catching the Deliberative Wave (2020) demonstrated that public authorities from all levels of government increasingly turn to Citizens' Assemblies, Citizens’ Juries, and other representative deliberative processes to tackle complex policy problems. As the use of such processes increases, so does the need to determine and ultimately improve their quality. The purpose of this document is to help public authorities initiate and develop better representative deliberative processes by establishing a minimum standard for their evaluation. These guidelines provide policy makers and practitioners with an evaluation framework and methodology, as well as evaluation questionnaires.

The objective of this report is to compile available tools and models for the assessment of environmental exposure to manufactured nanomaterials, and to conduct an analysis of their applicability for use in regulatory exposure assessment. The report assesses the compiled models by providing a functional assessment, statistical analysis, and performance evaluation of each model. The functional assessment assesses the scope (underlying assumptions and foundational algorithms) and use of the tools; the statistical analysis quantifies parametric sensitivity and output uncertainty in models from those tools; the performance evaluation weighs the models against real scenarios (where applicable). Finally, the recommendations provide guidance on the applicability of the tools and models in regulatory assessments.

Spain has undertaken a series of reforms over the last decade to strengthen the government’s ability to deliver high-quality services to citizens and businesses, while enhancing transparency and accountability. One major effort spearheaded by the National Audit Office (Oficina Nacional de Auditoría or ONA) is the continuous supervision system (SSC), a risk-based methodology that acts as a litmus test for the financial health, effectiveness and sustainability of public institutions. Drawing on interviews, a comparative analysis of leading practices, and research, this report provides recommendations to support the ONA in further strengthening its management of the SSC by improving its strategy, use of data, and co-ordination mechanisms across government.

Las entidades fiscalizadoras superiores pueden contribuir a lograr mejoras sustanciales en la gestión pública. En Colombia, la Contraloría General de la República (CGR) ha implementado una nueva función de control preventivo y concomitante que identifica riesgos durante la ejecución de proyectos y presupuestos. Este informe revisa el estado de la reforma hasta este momento y destaca su potencial para fortalecer la administración pública y así mejorar el impacto y la relevancia del trabajo de la CGR. Aborda también consideraciones estratégicas y proporciona recomendaciones sobre cuestiones tales como mejorar la coordinación interna dentro de la CGR, promover cambios comportamentales, mejorar la coordinación con las unidades de control interno y utilizar datos y tecnologías innovadoras para la auditoría. El informe también señala la necesidad de una política de gestión fiscal sólida y de largo plazo en Colombia.

Gender-based violence affects many aspects of survivors' and victims' lives, including access to education, employment, housing, health care, legal support, and physical and mental health services. While many governments have enacted policies and programmes to eradicate gender-based violence and address its intersectional impacts, strategic planning, policy co-ordination, and long-term investment in services has often been uneven. This publication explores how countries can strengthen public governance systems, respond to the needs and experiences of survivors/victims, and improve access to justice and accountability to effectively address gender-based violence.