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NGOs have moved out of the "amateur" world in which they were once confined into, in many cases, highly professional activities. This statistical analysis demonstrates that there are thousands of development NGOs in European countries with as much as $7.3 billion at their disposal. Supported by a large number of tables and graphs, as well as detailed, individual country surveys, the author provides the first-ever such study of what has become a late-twentieth, early twenty-first century phenomenon. When the results of the study are extrapolated to OECD Development Assistance Committee members as a whole, they suggest that the total income of NGOs would amount to almost $16 billion, a figure three times that estimated by organisations such as the World Bank. Depending on the country, up to half of this income comes from official sources, implying that NGOs have become major partners for governments in the development field.

Rising disinformation has far-reaching consequences in many policy areas ranging from public health to national security. It can cast doubt on factual evidence, jeopardise the implementation of public policies and undermine people's trust in the integrity of democratic institutions. This report explores how to respond to these challenges and reinforce democracy. It presents an analytical framework to guide countries in the design of policies, looking at three complementary dimensions: implementing policies to enhance the transparency, accountability, and plurality of information sources; fostering societal resilience to disinformation; and upgrading governance measures and public institutions to uphold the integrity of the information space.

Sometimes - and particularly in times of economic crisis - stakeholders in governments request competition agencies to provide evidence on the links between competition, competition policy, and macroeconomic outcomes, such as productivity, growth, innovation, employment and inequality. Showing these links can be a challenging exercise and this factsheet has been elaborated to help competition agencies achieve this task. The factsheet summarises the existing evidence on the wider economic effects of competition and competition policy, and provides suggestions and references to help agencies advocate their work. This document is a literature review – it does not contain any new research but compiles important existing material.

This manual has been developed to help compliance officers in Croatian and Serbian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) to introduce or strengthen their company’s anti-corruption programmes. It is designed as a practical, easy-to-reference tool offering a variety of practices that an SOE could consider implementing.

High levels of corruption and lack of transparency are key constraints to economic growth in many countries worldwide. This Country Profile for Croatia aims to map existing legal and institutional frameworks in the policy areas of anti-corruption, competition, and state-owned enterprises to identify policy challenges to a level playing eld. It also provides actionable policy recommendations which draw on a broad set of OECD analysis, guidelines, legal instruments and good practices as well as on additional data collected for the report. This Country Pro le, along those for Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, is one output of the three year OECD project to promote fair market conditions for competitiveness in the Adriatic region, which is supported by the Siemens Integrity Initiative. Through Collective Action, government officials from the region as well as business leaders, anti-corruption experts and practitioners, civil society representatives and academics have engaged to jointly enhance integrity and transparency. These efforts are part of the engagement of the OECD South East Europe Regional Programme, which collaborates with the region since 2000 to advance private sector development, improve the investment climate and raise living standards for an inclusive and sustainable future for the people of South East Europe.

Rapid economic growth in Southeast Asia since the turn of the century has led to remarkably improved socio-economic conditions, with expanded and enhanced employment opportunities, gradually rising wages and better living standards. Yet, the dividends of this strong and multifaceted dynamism have not, so far, been evenly shared between men and women. Whereas economic growth and better targeted social policies have contributed to shrinking gender gaps in educational attainment, significant disparities remain in women’s labour force participation, job quality and earnings in the region. This report – developed jointly by the OECD, ASEAN and national stakeholders – seeks to better understand the causes behind these persistent gaps and advances policy solutions to help close them.

In most OECD countries, farm household incomes figure prominently among the wide and growing range of concerns described as motivating policy interventions in agriculture. The first part of this report provides an overview of the income situation of farm households and examines the influence of agricultural and of tax and social security policies on them. The second part investigates more specifically how efficient some of the most commonly used policy interventions are at transferring income to farm households.

This report looks at farm management practices with green growth potential, from farmer-led innovations (such as those directly linked to soil and water, Integrated Pest Management, organic farming) to science-led technologies (such as biotechnology and precision agriculture). Global food demand can only be met in a sustainable way if new forms of agricultural production and innovative technologies can be unlocked to increase the productivity, stability, and resilience of production systems with goals beyond just raising yields, including saving water and energy, reducing risk, improving product quality, protecting the environment and climate change mitigation.

This study examines the broad range of factors driving farm management decisions that can improve the environment, including drawing on the experiences of OECD countries. It identifies policy options that would contribute to a sustainable and resilient agricultural sector in the context of climate change.

Land is a key input into agricultural production and the agricultural sector remains the main user of rural land in most OECD countries. How land is managed in agriculture, and the conversion of farmland to non-agricultural uses, are likely to have implications not only for the provision of food, but also for the supply of public goods such as rural amenities, as well as for the quantity and quality of water. Changes in agricultural, agri-environmental, land-use, and regional policies – together with factors such as climate and demographic changes – increasingly affect land use and management choices. This report examines the impact of several policies on farmland conversion using a combination of economic analysis and empirical case studies.

This report maps strategies, governance tools, institutional settings and innovative approaches used by governments across the OECD to drive and support society-wide gender equality goals. It covers all state institutions, including legislatures and judiciaries, and discusses the challenges faced by OECD countries in achieving long-lasting impact. Finally, the report provides policy guidance for state institutions, supported by examples of what works across the OECD. This report establishes a baseline for monitoring progress, based on the 2015 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life.

Compared to other OECD countries, the EU only attracts a small share of highly qualified migrants from abroad. This report presents a revised provisional Talent Pool scenario and includes a cost-effectiveness analysis as well as recommendations on the actions required to develop the Talent Pool.

Safety assessments of disposal sites for radioactive waste involve analyses of potential releases of radionuclides from the disposed waste and subsequent transport to the human environment. An important stage of assessment is the identification and documentation of all the features, events and processes (FEPs) that may be relevant to long-term safety. This report provides an international compilation of FEPs as well as a basis for selecting the FEPs that should be included in safety analyses.

This report describes the activities of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport and sets out the Resolutions and Reports approved by the Council of Ministers during their 1968 sessions. The organisation chart of the Conference also features in an annex to the report.

The OECD reviews national and sector-specific public procurement regimes, to guide and support countries in combatting collusive practices. This review analyses Brazil's federal public-procurement rules and practices in light of the OECD Recommendation and Guidelines on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement.

The OECD reviews national and sector-specific public procurement regimes, to guide and support countries in combatting collusive practices. This review analyses Mexico's Social Security Institute procurement rules and practices in light of the OECD Recommendation and Guidelines on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement.

The 2012 Recommendation of the Council on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement recommends to governments to strive for public procurement procedures that are designed to promote competition and reduce the risk of bid rigging. Bid rigging, i.e. agreements between bidders to eliminate competition in the procurement process, thereby raising prices, lowering quality and/or restricting supply, is a major risk to the effectiveness and integrity of public procurement and deprives the public sector of genuine opportunities to achieve value for money. For this reason, the fight against bid rigging has become one of the enforcement priorities of competition authorities around the world. The OECD, through its Competition Committee, developed the Recommendation to consolidate OECD good practices and recommend specific steps to render public procurement processes competitive and free from collusion. The report shows that the Recommendation is widely used and is relevant for competition and public procurement entities alike. Experiences illustrate that the Recommendation has been instrumental in helping many competition authorities launch advocacy programmes and raise awareness of bid rigging risks, and has also supported the detection by procurement authorities of bid rigging cases. The Recommendation is often the basis on which national strategies on fighting bid rigging are based, helping public entities to design tenders that promote effective competition, and develop tools to detect bid rigging. The Recommendation has also provided the analytical framework for country-specific projects carried out by the OECD Secretariat in co-operation with national entities in Member and nonMember countries. These projects provided the opportunity to test the impact of applying the Recommendation in practice: more competitive procurements have enabled very significant cost savings. The report concludes that the Recommendation is relevant and continues to be a solid basis for better competition in procurement markets.

The OECD reviews national and sector-specific public procurement regimes, to guide and support countries in combatting collusive practices. This review analyses the procurement practices in Colombia to help the country step up its fight against bid rigging.