Access to mobile broadband is widespread
Most connections are high-speed broadband
Online purchasing is around the OECD average
Japan is an important developer of emerging digital technologies
Some digital technologies are widely used
Government policy settings for data provision appear relatively good
Internet use for public services is limited in Japan
Japan has made progress in using electronic health records
Labour productivity is relatively weak
Digital-related service exports are largely intellectual property products
The contribution of services to manufacturing exports is low
Growth of the private capital stock has slowed
Business R&D spending is high, but not in the ICT sector
Public support of R&D spending is largely tax based
Firm entry rates are particularly weak
The venture capital market is relatively small
Entrepreneurship in Japan is quite low
The share of university graduates is high, but digital skills are around average
Computers are comparatively less available in schools
ICT access is quite dependent on school type and location
Students in Japan spend less time on the Internet and using computers
Schools are not well prepared for the use of ICT tools
There are few STEM graduates
Firm-based training is comparatively underdeveloped
Job-to-job flows have trended up modestly
Firm spending on training is more generous in larger firms
Non-regular employment has trended up through the late 2010s