Employment rates are low and unemployment is high
The working age population will increase and become more educated
Informal jobs are prevalent, particularly among youth
The share of informal employees is high
Informality prevails through many channels
Working hours are long in Egypt
Policies to reduce informality and improve job quality
Labour taxation for the employer remains high
Employment protection legislation is strict
Women are often out of the labour force due to family responsibilities
Formal education in Egypt
Trends in enrolment in primary, secondary and tertiary education in Egypt
Student performance is low
Education spending is low
Employment rates of higher education graduates in Egypt