Recent decades brought income convergence and lower poverty
A quick recovery from the pandemic but a weaker outlook ahead
Inflation and wages have grown fast, while confidence has fallen
Monetary policy has tightened but core inflation is rising
The zloty weakened during much of 2022
The banking sector is well capitalised
The housing market recovered quickly
EU funds can provide substantial funding for public projects
The underlying fiscal position has weakened since 2019
VAT and property taxation offer potential for new revenues
Ageing will put further pressure on public debt
Despite fast productivity growth, substantial scope for catch-up remains
Regulatory barriers can be lowered, particularly for services
A lower capital stock per capita than in peer countries, but similar public investment
Health outcomes remain subpar
Greenhouse gas emissions remain high, and the population is exposed to pollution
Sectoral breakdown of greenhouse gas emissions
The role of coal has been declining
To reach the net zero target, greenhouse gas emissions need to decline considerably
The share of renewables has been lagging
A large share of carbon emissions is underpriced
Emissions of new cars are the highest in Europe
The stringency of the environmental policies has increased over the past decade
Figure 1.24 Experience of petty corruption is lower than in regional peers
Figure 1.25 Public trust in government is among the lowest in OECD
Figure 1.26 Various expert perceptions of corruption in Poland are broadly in line with each other
Figure 1.27 Tax transparency and anti-money laundering measures are largely compliant