Japan's fiscal situation has deteriorated considerably over the past 20 years
Rapid population ageing will create strong upward pressure on government spending in Japan
Sustained fiscal consolidation is needed to reduce the government debt ratio
The impact of the social safety net on the working-age population is weak in Japan
The upward trend in public social spending in Japan is projected to continue
Health spending in Japan increased rapidly due to ageing and more intensive care
The use of generic drugs in Japan is low
The elderly in Japan make frequent use of medical services
Long-term care expenditure has more than doubled in 14 years
Problems in Japan's pension system
The coverage of the Basic Livelihood Protection Program is rising
Subnational government revenue, expenditure and debt in Japan relative to the OECD
Local government expenditure is steady but its composition is changing
Differences in per capita spending is largely financed by central government transfers
Spending by municipalities is driven up by ageing and falling population density
The decline in Yubari's population is projected to continue
Yubari is paying more than half of its general revenue for debt redemption
Childcare capacity is limited in major urban areas
The fall in the number of school-age children allows scope for school consolidation
The public capital stock in Japan is exceptionally large
Government transfers to public hospitals have increased
Social security contributions have risen significantly during the past 25 years
Japan's consumption tax is relatively low
Replacing income deductions with a tax credit lowers the burden on low-income households
Social security contributions pose heavy burdens on non-regular workers