Luxembourg's public debt level has remained contained despite a strong political response to the COVID-19 crisis
The decline in GDP was mainly due to a fall in private consumption and investment
Use of risk analysis to guide strategic activities
Evolution of the functions and structure of the centre of government during the crisis
The tools made available to the municipality by the government to relay crisis communication messages were effective
Effectiveness of the measures made available to municipalities by central government to support local crisis management
Key challenges in implementing and adapting national restrictions related to COVID-19
The prevalence of COVID-19 in the population of Luxembourg was among the highest in OECD member countries
The cumulative excess mortality rate per million population is well below the OECD average
Mortality rates in Luxembourg's residential facilities are among the highest in all OECD member countries
The proportion of the population who completed the vaccination schedule is lower in Luxembourg than the OECD average
Changes in the number of consultations with selected health professionals in cities, 2019 compared with 2020
Hospital activity fell in 2020 compared with 2019
Breast cancer screening dropped significantly in 2020 compared with 2019
Cancer surgery activity decreased during the first lockdown
Luxembourg has conducted far more tests than the average in other OECD member countries
Intensive care bed capacity more than doubled during the first wave of the pandemic
The use of remote consultations in Luxembourg is lower than in other OECD member countries
Population of Luxembourg by country of origin
Variation in students’ reading performance by socio-economic status, PISA 2018
Results of standardised tests (ÉpStan) in primary education
Results of standardised tests (ÉpStan) in secondary education
Quality of support received by schools during closures
Luxembourg’s budgetary effort is in line with that of other OECD member countries
In Luxembourg, measures focused primarily on supporting employment
Public financing of short-time work played a significant role within the budgetary measures
The extent of budgetary spending is similar to that in the countries studied
State-guaranteed loans were the most widely used liquidity measure in most of the countries surveyed
Luxembourg was among the countries that spent the least on liquidity measures in GDP terms
Implementation of the first lump-sum payment for the self-employed took longer
Support evolved in line with the evolution of the pandemic
Businesses waited an average of between 15 and 30 days to receive direct support
There were continuous improvements in application processing times
Applications for support gradually fell between December 2020 and December 2021
Applications for State guarantees declined as the economy recovered
Distribution of sectors in the samples studied compared to the distribution of all businesses in Luxembourg
Support targeted the hardest hit sectors
In 2021, direct support favoured businesses in the HORECA, other services and arts and entertainment sectors
In Luxembourg, bankruptcy rates are in line with historical figures, except in the HORECA sector
Support measures targeted the hardest-hit businesses
Businesses with fewer than 50 employees received more support
Businesses with very high or very low profitability received less support
Businesses with very high or low debt levels received less support
The impact of support on business profits varies by sector
Impact of support measures on business liquidity and solvency varies by sector
Measures helped absorb the impact
The unemployment rate in Luxembourg has come down to below its pre-crisis level
The employment rate is higher, and inactivity lower, than they were before the crisis
Total hours worked in Luxembourg declined by less and recovered more quickly than in many peer OECD countries
The impact on hours worked in the arts and hospitality was profound and sustained
Temporary workers saw a big drop in employment
Sectoral concentration of socio-demographic groups in Luxembourg prior to the crisis
Women were able to keep a foot in the labour market and did not experience largescale job loss
Young workers bore the brunt of the impact of the crisis
Losses in aggregate hours were much higher for young workers, and they reflect to a much greater share employment losses
The foreign-born saw a deeper initial impact but have made a strong recovery
At the peak of the crisis many workers were supported by chômage partiel
Permanent workers were more able to access chômage partiel than those on a fixed‑term contract
Take-up of exceptional family leave was higher among working women and for workers on permanent contracts
Paid sick leave replaced 100% of earnings for workers who were sick with COVID-19 or in quarantine
Take-up of paid sick leave varied over the course of the pandemic
Take-up of paid sick leave was much lower for the self-employed
Unemployment benefits are relatively accessible and replace a large share of earnings in the initial months of the benefit spell in Luxembourg
The share of unemployment benefits recipients remained low during the crisis
Young workers were disproportionately affected by job loss and less often covered by unemployment benefits
Income assistance benefits are somewhat higher in Luxembourg than in peer countries