Snapshot of performance in reading, mathematics and science
Comparing countries’ and economies’ performance in reading
Comparing countries’ and economies’ performance in mathematics
Comparing countries’ and economies’ performance in science
Reading performance at national and subnational levels
Mathematics performance at national and subnational levels
Science performance at national and subnational levels
Comparing countries and economies on the reading-process subscales
Comparing countries and economies on the single- and multiple-source subscales
PISA target populations and samples
How national experts rated PISA reading items
Link errors for comparisons between PISA 2018 and previous assessments
Percentage of students at each proficiency level in reading
Mean score and variation in reading performance, by region