Trade integration is strong
Public pension coverage is low
Barriers to competition could be lowered
Emission intensity is high
Viet Nam's people benefitted from its uninterrupted economic progress
Viet Nam has managed the public health crisis well
Recent macroeconomic developments
Exports by destination and product
Viet Nam has benefitted from active participation in global trade
Viet Nam has diverse and dynamic trade markets
Improving energy efficiency would help strengthen the resilience against price hikes
Viet Nam has deepened value chains with China
The pandemic affected FDI inflows differently between Southeast Asian countries
Viet Nam's trade facilitation performance could be further improved
Business services account for a small share in Viet Nam's exports
Monetary policy has been supportive of growth, while inflation has been stable
The increase in global energy and commodity prices has pushed up inflation
Both food and energy prices are increasing in Southeast Asian countries
Most commercial banks seem to have sufficient capital buffers
The economic recovery has helped to manage non-performing loans
Viet Nam is less exposed to international financial markets
The pandemic has widened Viet Nam’s fiscal deficit, but public debt is well managed
Revenue enhancement will be crucial to prepare for the rapid population ageing
Viet Nam’s income inequality is the lowest in the region
Viet Nam’s tax-to-GDP ratio is among the highest in the region
Corruption perception has improved recently, but combating it remains the priority
Viet Nam allocates less resources to anti-corruption agencies than other countries
Viet Nam's employment structure has changed rapidly
Viet Nam's labour force participation rates are high
Formal employees are still a small part of total employment
The pandemic affected services sector workers more severely
Fees for starting an unincorporated business are low in many countries
Southeast Asian countries will age rapidly in the coming decades
Coverage of public pension is still low in Southeast Asian countries
Women’s pensionable age is lower than men’s in Viet Nam
Annex Figure 1.A.1. Social spending is low where labour informality is high
Viet Nam's productivity has rebounded in the last decade
Regulatory barriers to competition could be lower in Viet Nam
Establishing start-ups is relatively easy in Viet Nam
Improving insolvency regimes further could help stimulate business dynamism
Permanent firm exits did not surge during the pandemic
Viet Nam can further improve its regulatory assessment
Public ownership of enterprises is widespread in Viet Nam
Vietnamese government involvement in SOEs is high
Viet Nam should further ease price controls
Several network sectors are strictly regulated in Viet Nam
Stronger competition could reduce telecom prices further
Viet Nam's FDI restrictions have been eased except in the transport and communications sectors
Viet Nam's cross-border regulations on telecommunications are very strict
Viet Nam has strengthened its cybersecurity measures
Viet Nam needs to improve its population's digital skills
Viet Nam has scope to improve its digital government services
Viet Nam is at risk of climate hazards
GDP growth has become more carbon intensive
Viet Nam's emission intensity is higher than in peer countries
Viet Nam plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero in 2050
Investment in renewable energy is variable
Intense use of fossil fuels entails high levels of air pollution
Viet Nam should reduce coal-fired and increase renewable electricity generation
The share of renewable energy has declined sharply in Viet Nam since 2000
Viet Nam's road transport vehicles have become more fuel efficient