The 2023 Digital Education Outlook provides, for the first time, a window into how OECD countries and partner economies are managing the digital transition and the extent to which they are prepared for a digital transformation. This companion report provides the basis of the work and supplemented it by offering a detailed descriptive analysis of countries digital ecosystem and governance, enabling a comprehensive of each country’s approach to digitalisation.

This book includes the depiction of countries’ digital ecosystem and digital governance. It covers 28 countries (Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Türkiye, the United States and England (United Kingdom)), including the Flemish and French communities of Belgium. The objective of each of the chapters is to provide an overview of the resources that central governments provide to their schools, teachers, and students, how the responsibilities are divided between different public stakeholders, and how they ensure the security, privacy, equity and effectiveness of this digital ecosystem while keeping incentives for private education technology (EdTech) companies to develop a variety of digital resources and tools for education.

This note provides an overview of Austria’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Austria supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Austria engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Brazil’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Brazil supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Brazil engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Canada’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Canada supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Canada engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Chile’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Chile supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Chile engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Czechia’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Czechia supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Czechia engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Denmark’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Denmark supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Denmark engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of England’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how England supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how England engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Estonia’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Estonia supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Estonia engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Finland’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Finland supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Finland engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of the Flemish Community of Belgium’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how the Flemish Community of Belgium supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how the Flemish Community of Belgium engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of France’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how France supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how France engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of the French Community of Belgium’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how the French Community of Belgium supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how the French Community of Belgium engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Hungary’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Hungary supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Hungary engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Iceland’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Iceland supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Iceland engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Ireland’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Ireland supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Ireland engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Italy’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Italy supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Italy engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Japan’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Japan supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Japan engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Korea’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Korea supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Korea engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Latvia’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Latvia supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Latvia engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Lithuania’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Lithuania supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Lithuania engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Luxembourg’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Luxembourg supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Luxembourg engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Mexico’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Mexico supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Mexico engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of the Netherlands’ digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how the Netherlands supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how the Netherlands engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of New Zealand’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how New Zealand supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how New Zealand engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Slovenia’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Slovenia supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Slovenia engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Spain’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Spain supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Spain engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Sweden’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Sweden supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Sweden engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of Türkiye’s digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how Türkiye supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how Türkiye engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

This note provides an overview of the United States’ digital education ecosystem, including the digital tools for system and institutional management and digital resources for teaching and learning that are publicly provided to schools and educational stakeholders. The note outlines how public responsibilities for the governance of digital education are divided and examines how the United States supports the equitable and effective access to and use of digital technology and data in education. This includes through practices and policies on procurement, interoperability, data privacy and regulation, and digital competencies. Finally, the note discusses how the United States engages in any initiatives, including with the EdTech sector, to drive innovation and research and development towards an effective digital ecosystem.

Part of the information presented in this volume and in the OECD Digital Education Outlook 2023 comes from a systematic survey of OECD countries and Brazil regarding their digital education infrastructure and their governance of digital education as of December 2023.