Gender and age distribution of teachers: Percentage of lower secondary education female teachers and age of teachers
Teachers' feelings of preparedness for teaching: Percentage of lower secondary education teachers who feel “very well prepared”, “well prepared”, “somewhat prepared” or “not at all prepared”
Work experience of teachers: Lower secondary education teachers' average years of work experience
Distribution of experienced teachers in more and less challenging schools
Teacher training mismatch and teacher resource allocation
Lack of resources hindering the school's capacity for quality instruction
Principals' working time: Average proportion of time lower secondary education principals report spending on the following activities
Principals' leadership: Percentage of lower secondary education principals who report having engaged in the following leadership activities, and the frequency in which they engaged, during the 12 months prior to the survey
Principals' participation in a school development plan: Percentage of lower secondary education principals who report having engaged in the following activities related to a school development plan in the 12 months prior to the survey
School decisions and collaborative school culture