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Brazil has made considerable progress in aligning its economic growth and poverty reduction efforts with the advancement of environmental sustainability. Natural resources are essential to the country’s development: Brazil is the world’s fourth-largest agricultural producer and a major global player in mining and oil production, and hydropower generates most of its electricity. However, economic growth, urbanisation, agricultural expansion and infrastructure development have also meant increased energy consumption and environmental pressures. Brazil now needs to recover growth while continuing to eradicate poverty, reduce inequality and social exclusion, and ensure a sustainable use of environmental assets.
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Brazil is the world’s fifth largest country and the most biodiverse. The world’s largest tropical rainforest, the Amazon, and 12% of global freshwater resources are in Brazil, together with vast reserves of fossil fuels and minerals. An energy mix that is largely based on the use of hydropower and biofuels helps keep the economy’s carbon intensity low. Vibrant growth and effective social policies lifted millions of people out of poverty over the 2000s. However, growth has decelerated since 2012 and income inequality remains high.
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The Assessment and Recommendations present the main findings of the Environmental Performance Review of Brazil and identify 53 recommendations to help Brazil make further progress towards its environmental policy objectives and international commitments. The OECD Working Party on Environmental Performance reviewed and approved the Assessment and Recommendations at its meeting on 17 June 2015.
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