Share of low performers in mathematics, reading and science
Low performers in mathematics by quintile of performance in country/economy
Low performers in mathematics, reading and science, and in all subjects
Overlap of low performers in mathematics, reading and science, by country/economy
Percentage of low performers (students who perform below Level 2) in all three subjects who score below Level 1 in all subjects
Relationship between the percentage of low performers and countries'/economies' mean performance
Trends in low performance in mathematics between PISA 2003 and PISA 2012
Patterns of success in reducing the share of low performers in mathematics
Socio-economic status and low performance in mathematics
Socio-economic status and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Percentage of low-performing students in mathematics, reading, science, and in all three subjects, by proficiency level and gender
Gender and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Immigrant background and low performance in mathematics
Immigrant background and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Language spoken at home and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Percentage of low performers in mathematics, by family structure
Family structure and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Percentage of low performers in mathematics, by geographic location
Geographic location and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Percentage of low performers in mathematics, by attendance at pre-primary school
Pre-primary education and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Percentage of low performers in mathematics, by grade repetition
Grade repetition and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Percentage of low performers in mathematics, by programme orientation
Programme orientation and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Cumulative probability of low performance in mathematics across risk profiles
Patterns of risk accumulation across countries
Truancy and low performance
Truancy and the likelihood of being a low performer in mathematics
Hours spent doing homework and low performance
Hours spent doing homework and the likelihood of being a low performer in mathematics
Participation in mathematics-related activities, by performance in mathematics
Differences in mathematics work ethic between low performers and better-performing students
Effort thermometer in the PISA test
Differences in perseverance between low performers and better-performing students
Association between perseverance and mathematics work ethic
Differences in interest in mathematics between low performers and better-performing students
Association between interest in mathematics and participation in mathematics-related activities
Differences in mathematics self-efficacy between low performers and better-performing students
How mathematics anxiety affects the association between mathematics self-efficacy and the likelihood of being a low performer in mathematics
Differences in the sense of belonging at school between low performers and better-performing students
Association between sense of belonging at school and skipping a whole day of school
Truancy, participation in mathematics-related activities and effort invested, Korea and OECD average
Hours spent on after-school mathematics activities, Korea and OECD average
Attitudes towards school and learning, by performance in mathematics and socio-economic status
Low performers' attitudes towards school and learning, by school subject
Between-school variation in low performance in mathematics
Schools' share of low performers
Socio-economic profile of schools by proficiency levels in mathematics
Teachers' expectations and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Ability grouping for mathematics classes and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Teachers' support for students and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Teacher morale and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Teacher absenteeism and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Mathematics-related extracurricular activities at school and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Creative extracurricular activities and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Parental pressure for high achievement and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Quality of educational resources and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Teacher shortage and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
School type and the likelihood of low performance in mathematics
Socio-economic inclusion and percentage of low performers in mathematics
Socio-economic inclusion and percentage of top performers in mathematics
School resources and percentage of low performers in mathematics
Quality of physical infrastructure/educational resources and percentage of low performers in mathematics
Quality of physical infrastructure/educational resources and percentage of low/top performers in mathematics
Equity in resource allocation and percentage of low/top performers in mathematics
School autonomy and percentage of low/top performers in mathematics
Percentage of students enrolled in public/private schools and percentage of low performers in mathematics
Percentage of students enrolled in public/private schools and percentage of top performers in mathematics
School autonomy and percentage of low performers in mathematics
Percentage of students enrolled in private schools and autonomy of public schools
Sorting/selecting students and percentage of low performers in mathematics
Sorting/selecting students and percentage of top performers in mathematics
Sorting/selecting students and percentage of low performers in mathematics, before and after accounting for socio-economic status and average performance