Monitoring green growth, relative to the leaders
Progress towards green growth
Socio-economic context and characteristics of growth
Global CO2 emissions from energy use increased
CO2 productivity improved in most countries
Most countries have decoupled CO2 emissions from economic growth
Embodied CO2 per capita is highly correlated with living standards
Most OECD countries are net importers of CO2
Energy use in the OECD increased, particularly in services and transport
Energy productivity is growing in most countries, but few use less energy overall
Fossil fuels continue to dominate energy supply
Electricity generation from renewables increased only marginally
Material productivity is growing in some countries but remains low and stagnant in others
Material consumption remains high despite rising productivity
Municipal waste generation has been slowly decoupling from economic growth
Municipal waste landfilling and tax rates, 2013
Nutrient surpluses declined
Most countries have decoupled fertiliser consumption from crop production
BRIICS consume almost twice the level of fertilisers per agricultural area as OECD
Consumption of commercial fertilisers has not decreased sufficiently
Growth accounting: The sources of growth vary across countries
Productivity and the role of environmental services for growth
Land cover and land cover conversion
Share of natural and semi-natural vegetated land, circa 2010
Built-up area per capita, circa 2014
Urban growth occurs in many already highly urbanised countries
Built-up area growth surpassed population growth in most countries
Forest resources are increasingly used and managed in a sustainable way
Freshwater endowments and abstraction intensities
Freshwater abstraction has decoupled from economic growth in many countries
Amphibians are under great threat in many countries (2016 or latest available year)
Population dynamics of wild birds and wild fish are of concern
Extent of protected areas and approaches to their management vary across countries (2017)
Population exposure to air pollution by PM2.5 exceeds guideline in many countries
Population exposure to air pollution by PM2.5
Change in population exposure to air pollution by PM2.5 (1998-2015)
Population exposure to air pollution by O3 has seen little improvement
Air pollution weighs heavily on population's health and welfare
NO2 concentrations exceed limits in cities
Access to public sewage treatment, improved sanitation and safe drinking water
The environment share of R&D remains stagnant despite a shift towards renewable energy
Following a rapid increase, development of green technologies is slowing down
Bending invention and co-invention towards environment-related technologies
In some large economies only a small share of environment-related technologies are patented
Several industries account for the bulk of pollution, generating little value added and few jobs
Trade in environmentally related products is rising
Changes in employment implied by ambitious climate change mitigation policies
Sewerage, waste management and remediation generate more employment and value added
Environmental goods and services in Europe (EU28) increased employment and value added
ODA puts more emphasis on the environment
ODA by donor country
Transactions in clean development mechanism projects have declined recently
Investment in renewable energy increasingly targets non-OECD economies
Issuance of green-labelled bonds is growing, particularly in the energy and transport sectors
Revenue from environmentally related taxes declined as a share of total tax revenue and compared to GDP
Motor fuel taxation is increasing in half of OECD countries
Most carbon emissions are not priced at their climate costs
OECD and BRIICS still support fossil fuels
The potentially most environmentally harmful government support for agriculture is declining