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The OECD Review of Kazakhstan’s Innovation Policy is part of a series of OECD country reviews of innovation policy (www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/reviews). It was requested by the authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, represented by the Ministry of Education and Science and was carried out by the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (DSTI) under the auspices of the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP). It was part of the OECD-Kazakhstan Country Programme.
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In the 2000s, the government of Kazakhstan made a concerted effort to increase research and development (R&D) activity. To narrow the persistent productivity gap and, in the longer term, move towards a growth model that is less dependent on commodity exports, it launched major legal reforms, strategies and programmes aimed at boosting science and technology. These initiatives helped to improve scientific output and have resulted in some successes in technology commercialisation.
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This chapter presents an overall assessment of Kazakhstan’s innovation system and policy, reflecting the key findings of the review. It identifies the strengths and weaknesses and key issues for innovation policy, and develops specific policy recommendations for improving the performance of Kazakhstan in science, technology and innovation.
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This chapter provides an overview of Kazakhstan’s macroeconomic performance and framework conditions for innovation. The first section presents macroeconomic developments of Kazakhstan since its independence, with a focus on the period of Kazakhstan’s strong growth which extended from about 2000 to the recent slowdown. The second section looks at changes in the production structure and the country’s insertion in global trade. The final section addresses the current state of framework conditions as they relate to entrepreneurship and innovation.
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This chapter examines the innovation capabilities and performance of the business and public research sectors in Kazakhstan. It begins with a review of the significant increase in research and development (R&D) efforts, as evidenced by the increase in science, technology and innovation expenditures and personnel, which still remain insufficient and uneven. It then examines the mixed results of these efforts in terms of scientific publications and patents.
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This chapter examines successively the role and performance of the main public and private research and innovation actors in the development of the Kazakhstani innovation system in recent years: business enterprises, higher education institutions (HEIs) and public research institutes (PRIs), highlighting their respective roles in the development of the innovation system. It reviews scientific, technological and related functions carried out by the main actors within the system and their contributions to innovation.
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This chapter examines the role of the government in the orientation and programming of and support to research and innovation activities in Kazakhstan. It begins with an overview of the recent evolution of the legal and strategic frameworks that guide the research and innovation activities of public and private actors. It then provides a synthetic presentation of the main policy actors and governance arrangements. The chapter then reviews current policies in light of the observations made in earlier chapters and outlines areas in need of dedicated policy attention.
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