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A complete picture of public finances requires statistics that go beyond taxation, especially in the case of many African countries that obtain substantial revenues in the form of grants or royalties from oil and minerals. Revenue Statistics in Africa collects statistics on both tax and non‑tax revenues, non‑tax revenues being government revenues that do not meet the OECD definition of taxation.
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The COVID‑19 pandemic has led to higher debt levels across Africa as countries increased borrowing to finance immediate public health needs and to protect lives and livelihoods. Governments introduced fiscal stimulus packages (including tax and expenditure policies) to support businesses and individuals through lockdowns and the broader economic downturn even as public revenues fell due to declines in economic activity and natural resource prices.
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