Inflation is picking up
Wages have started to converge
The gap between GDP and net national income is high
Labour market polarisation is increasing
GDP per capita is converging to the OECD average, though slowly
Well-being can be improved
Redistribution reduces inequalities
Inequality and poverty are relatively low but vary across regions
Economic developments are strong
Trade is mainly with Europe
Employment rates of women, the low-skilled and older workers have risen
Higher participation is helping to offset the effect of ageing in the labour market
Capacity constraints are increasing
The tax wedge is being reduced
Wage levels remain low in Hungary despite recent increases
The yield curve has steepened
Emerging market volatility has spilled into the Hungarian markets
Some central banks have been forced to sharply increase policy rates
Foreign reserves are declining
Macro-financial vulnerabilities have diminished significantly since 2007
The ratio of non-performing loans has fallen
Low banking sector efficiency is a concern
The stock of credit is relatively low
The size of the budget deficit is hidden by the strong economy
General government gross debt
More fiscal consolidation effort is needed to reduce public debt
Tax revenues are already high as a share of GDP
The tax structure is tilted towards consumption and labour taxes
Hungary is benefitting from a relatively high stock of inward FDI
Benefits from participating in GVCs are moderate
Productivity has failed to catch up
The shift towards high skilled employment is expected to continue
Labour market turnover is relatively low
Skills mismatches could be further reduced
Mothers with young children have relatively low employment rates
Gender pay gaps are increasing with education and skills requirements unlike in the EU
Old-age spending pressures under less optimistic assumptions
The old-age dependency ratio is projected to peak around 2060
Gross pension replacement rates
Pension benefit accrual rate by years of coverage
Number of avoidable hospital admissions is high
Green growth indicators: Hungary
The effective retirement age remains below the OECD average, especially for women
Using a moving average for valorisation would smooth fluctuations
Pensioners generally do not work after 65
Workers with career interruptions have low pensions in Hungary
Gender gap in pensions is relatively low
Theoretical accrued monthly pension benefits
The majority of pensioners receive pensions below average net wages
Public spending on pensions is relatively low
Wage inequality leads to pension inequality
Low-wage earners fall into poverty within 5-10 years of retiring
Life expectancy is rising, including for pensioners
The active population will be shrinking, while the share of pensioners will increase
The old-age dependency ratio is rising and will peak in 2060
Difference in cost between indexing pension benefits to wages and to inflation
Pre-funding future pension spending requires higher contributions
Potential pension contributions to a pre-funded buffer fund match recent reductions
Health care spending has been relatively low
Health status of the population is poor in international comparison
Lifestyle related health risks are high
Better resource utilisation could boost life expectancy significantly
Health care provision is highly hospital-centred
Remuneration of health workers has been increasing, but remains relatively low
Out-of-pocket medical spending is high
Relatively high share of old-age people need assistance due to health problems
Low capacities of long-term care leads to unmet demand for elderly care
EU Ageing Report: Long-term projections of public health and long-term care expenditures
The capital has been leading growth
Roma are lagging behind in all dimensions of well-being
Employment by sector varies by region
Labour productivity is highest in the capital
Learning from better performing cities could improve the ease of doing business at the local level
Revenue of subnational government by type
Rural countries have a higher rate of internal migration
Lagging regions have a high share of people without upper-secondary education
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion by degree of urbanisation
Employment rates in poorer regions lag behind
Wages are higher in leading regions
Employment of those with upper-secondary education is highest in western regions
Emigration from Hungary is moderate
Hungary has a small rental market
The share of rental accommodation is smaller outside Budapest
There are large regional disparities in Hungary’s infrastructure
Competition in public procurement is weak
Perception of corruption is high in Hungary
Employment in tourism
Tourism trends
Tourism overview
Inbound tourism spending is relatively high
Average farm size is amongst the smallest in Europe
Agriculture labour force constitute a relatively large share of the labour force
The export share of wine is relatively low
Telecommunication prices remain relatively high.