Factors behind income variations: OECD and BRIICS countries, 2007 and 2010
Factors behind income variations: OECD and BRIICS countries, 2007 and 2010 (cont.)
The crisis has acted as a catalyst for reforms
Evolution of responsiveness to Going for Growth recommendations: OECD countries
Responsiveness to Going for Growth recommendations: OECD countries, 2007-11
Reform progress has been greater in lower-income countries
The need to address job and fiscal sustainability concerns has given impetus to reform
Responsiveness to Going for Growth recommendations across labour utilisation-enhancing areas
Long-term unemployment has increased dramatically in some OECD countries
Responsiveness to Going for Growth recommendations across labour productivity-enhancing areas
Example of selection of candidates for Going for Growth priorities
Performance and policy indicators: Australia
Performance and policy indicators: Austria
Performance and policy indicators: Belgium
Performance and policy indicators: Brazil
Performance and policy indicators: Canada
Performance and policy indicators: Chile
Performance and policy indicators: China
Performance and policy indicators: Czech Republic
Performance and policy indicators: Denmark
Performance and policy indicators: Estonia
Performance and policy indicators: European Union
Performance and policy indicators: Finland
Performance and policy indicators: France
Performance and policy indicators: Germany
Performance and policy indicators: Greece
Performance and policy indicators: Hungary
Performance and policy indicators: Iceland
Performance and policy indicators: India
Performance and policy indicators: Indonesia
Performance and policy indicators: Ireland
Performance and policy indicators: Israel
Performance and policy indicators: Italy
Performance and policy indicators: Japan
Performance and policy indicators: Korea
Performance and policy indicators: Luxembourg
Performance and policy indicators: Mexico
Performance and policy indicators: Netherlands
Performance and policy indicators: New Zealand
Performance and policy indicators: Norway
Performance and policy indicators: Poland
Performance and policy indicators: Portugal
Performance and policy indicators: Russian Federation
Performance and policy indicators: Slovak Republic
Performance and policy indicators: Slovenia
Performance and policy indicators: South Africa
Performance and policy indicators: Spain
Performance and policy indicators: Sweden
Performance and policy indicators: Switzerland
Performance and policy indicators: Turkey
Performance and policy indicators: United Kingdom
Performance and policy indicators: United States
Cost of labour
Net income replacement rates for unemployment
Average tax wedge on labour
Marginal tax wedge on labour
Implicit taxes on continued work at older ages
Average tax wedge – single parent versus second earner
Public expenditure on childcare services
Implicit tax on returning to work
Net costs of childcare
Income support for disability and sickness
Employment Protection Legislation (EPL)
Coverage rates of collective bargaining agreements and trade union density rates
Product market regulation
State control of business operations
Administrative burdens on start-ups
Barriers to entry
Barriers to foreign direct investment
Restrictiveness of external trade tariffs
Sectoral regulation in the transport sector
Sectoral regulation in the energy sector
Sectoral regulation in the post and telecommunications sector
Sectoral regulation in retail and professional services
Educational attainment, 2009
Graduation rates in upper secondary and tertiary education
Educational achievement
Health expenditure
Producer support estimate to agriculture
Public investment
Infrastructure
Financial support for private R&D investment
The sizeable short-term economic gains from an ambitious package of structural reforms
Unemployment benefit reforms can have a fairly quick positive impact on labour utilisation
The failure of two-tier job protection reforms to raise employment
How strengthening active labour market policies can help strengthen the jobs recovery
Product markets reforms typically encourage labour force participation
Unemployment benefit reforms become ineffective when the economy is depressed
Labour income inequality varies across countries and depends on the population group considered
Labour income inequality is the main contributor to the dispersion in household market income
The divide between the rich and the poor is quite pronounced in some countries
Share of the top 1% of earners in total taxable income, 1980 and 2008
Cash transfers vary greatly across countries, but less redistributive old age transfers account for the largest share
The progressivity of statutory labour tax schedules has increased in the majority of countries
There is no simple link between inequality and growth
Young people have been particularly badly hurt by the recent financial crisis, and especially so in countries with high minimum wages
Financial crises have disproportionally affected youth employment and increased poverty rates
Vulnerability of wealth varies across households due to a different composition of asset portfolios
Generous unemployment benefits have mitigated crisis-driven increases in poverty
Stricter job protection has protected lower incomes, but weakened labour market performance of the young
More competitive product markets have dampened crisis-driven increases in youth unemployment
Financial development has amplified the redistributive effects of shocks
A stylised classification of risk-sharing models across the OECD and the BRIICS