This chapter provides a survey of the currently known uses of micro-organisms in different types of cleaning products based on searches conducted of publicly available information sources such as the scientific literature, patent databases and commercial websites. Examples of microbial species known to be used in different types of cleaning applications will also be given as well as potential human health and environmental issues associated with their use. A brief summary of Canadian regulatory experiences with these products, in particular those of the New Substances Program of Health Canada and Environment Canada, will be provided as well.

This chapter: i) provides an overview of the technology, products and applications of the use of micro-organisms in cleaning products; ii) discusses the application of existing legislation; iii) identifies and discusses possible environmental and health risks as well as environmental benefits; and iv) provides recommendations to regulators for further research and policy action.