The DAC International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF) is a unique decision-making forum that brings together diverse stakeholders to support development in the world’s most challenging situations — such as Afghanistan, Haiti and South Sudan. INCAF was established in 2009 as a subsidiary body of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Following its establishment, the DAC and the Secretary-General of the United Nations asked INCAF to provide guidance on how to make international financial support to countries emerging from conflict (i.e. in transition) more rapid, flexible and risk-tolerant. To accomplish this, INCAF has explored the opportunities and challenges in current international responses during transition to develop guidance on making aid more effective in these situations. This guidance is for policymakers, diplomats and staff of agencies in OECD and non-OECD countries, multilateral organisations, and civil society organisations in fragile and conflict-affected contexts that are working to achieve coherence across humanitarian, mediation, security, human rights, justice and development operations.