Italy has taken recent initiatives to adopt results-based management approaches. However, the understanding of results-based management remains weak throughout the Italian aid system. Expected results are not built into programming and budgeting processes at headquarters. In partner countries, while monitoring systems seem to be robust at the project level, the link with the overall country framework is unclear. Managing for results is also weak in fragile contexts, where the same approach is used as in other partner countries. In particular, it is unclear how Italianfunded projects take into account conflict sensitivity or “do no harm” approaches.