Founding new enterprises and innovation are key elements of production transformation strategies. Innovative start-ups can contribute to closing productivity gaps and moving countries towards inclusive development. There is growing worldwide interest in actions to promote the creation and expansion of start-ups. Today’s start-up world is diverse, and public policies for start-ups exist in OECD countries and developing countries. Although the innovation and production systems of emerging countries are still nowhere near as dense as those of OECD countries, the start-up landscape has become more dynamic, with innovative solutions emerging and mindsets changing in emerging and developing countries.