Trade can be a powerful engine for economic growth, poverty reduction, and development. However, the growth potential of trade may not always be realised in practice. In some cases trade reforms proved unsustainable and in other cases they did not have a meaningful impact on economic growth. This book discusses various reasons for these outcomes in order to draw lessons for the design of aid for trade and to increase its effectiveness. It describes the “compatible policies” that will make trade reform sustainable and the “complementary policies” that will increase its growth impact. It thus argues that successful aid for trade must tackle a broad range of difficult issues,