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Value added reflects the value generated by producing goods and services, and is measured as the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption. Value added also represents the income available for the contributions of labour and capital to the production process. Value added by activity shows the value added created by the various industries (such as agriculture, industry, utilities, and other service activities). The indicator presents value added for an activity, as a percentage of total value added. All OECD countries compile their data according to the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA).
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Gross national income (GNI) is defined as gross domestic product, plus net receipts from abroad of compensation of employees, property income and net taxes less subsidies on production. Compensation of employees receivable from abroad are those that are earned by residents who essentially live inside the economic territory but work abroad (this happens in border areas on a regular basis), or for people who live and work abroad for short periods (seasonal workers) and whose centre of economic interest remains in their home country. Property income receivable from/payable to abroad includes interest, dividends, and all (or part of) retained earnings of foreign enterprises owned fully (or in part) by resident enterprises (and vice versa). This indicator is based on GNI at current prices and is available in different measures: US dollars and US dollars per capita (both in current PPPs). All OECD countries compile their data according to the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA). This indicator is less suited for comparisons over time, as developments are not only caused by real growth, but also by changes in prices and PPPs.
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Net national income (NNI) is defined as gross national income minus the depreciation of fixed capital assets (dwellings, buildings, machinery, transport equipment and physical infrastructure) through wear and tear and obsolescence. This indicator is available in different measures: NNI in US dollars and US dollars per capita, at current prices and current PPPs; as an index (OECD nominal NNI per capita=100) and annual growth rates of NNI at constant prices. All OECD countries compile their data according to the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA). The indicators based on nominal NNI are less suited for comparisons over time, as developments are not only caused by real growth, but also by changes in prices and PPPs.
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Net lending is the net amount a unit or a sector has available to finance, directly or indirectly, other units or other sectors. Net lending can be derived as saving plus net receipts of capital transfers minus net purchases of non-financial assets (i.e. the balance of the capital account), or it can be measured as the difference between net acquisition of financial assets and net incurrence of liabilities (i.e. the balance of the financial account). Although it can be derived via either approach it is important to note that, in practice, achieving this equivalence is one of the most difficult tasks in compiling national accounts. Negative net lending is called "net borrowing". This indicator is measured as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). All OECD countries compile their data according to the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA).
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Saving is equal to the difference between disposable income (including an adjustment for the change in employment-related pension entitlements) and final consumption expenditure. It reflects the part of disposable income that, together with the incurrence of liabilities, is available to acquire financial and non-financial assets. The saving rate presented here corresponds to net saving, which is saving net of depreciation, as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). All OECD countries compile their data according to the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA).
National income
National income includes gross and net national income, savings or net lending/net borrowing. It is the total value of the primary incomes receivable within an economy less the total of the primary incomes payable by resident units. Primary incomes are incomes that accrue to institutional units as a consequence of their involvement in processes of production or ownership of assets that may be needed for purposes of production.
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