Digital technologies are transforming our lives and our economies. They change the way firms produce goods and services, innovate, and interact with other firms, workers, consumers and governments. These technologies seem to offer a vast potential to enhance firm productivity and ultimately living standards. For example, cloud computing gives firms access to flexible data storage and processing capacities, online platforms can make their interactions with consumers more fluid, and artificial intelligence enables them to automate increasingly complex tasks (OECD, 2019a).