The green transition has become one of France’s main priorities. Even though it is one of the countries with the lowest greenhouse gas emissions, the pace of emissions cuts has to accelerate to comply with its European commitments, namely carbon neutrality by 2050. Land take continues to increase and waste volumes remain above the OECD average. Intensive farming and the use of chemical inputs have had a highly detrimental impact on biodiversity and ecosystems.Green private investments must increase, and households and businesses need further incentives to adapt their behaviour. Public acceptance for environmental taxes is low. They are nevertheless effective in reducing emissions and pollution. To avoid exacerbating inequalities and to promote social acceptance for environmental taxes, the most vulnerable households and businesses need additional support.The design and implementation of some policy instruments can still be improved to increase their cost-effectiveness in reducing emissions and pollution. The development of renewable energies must accelerate to diversify the energy mix without jeopardising efforts towards a more sustainable economy, nor affecting electricity supply security and affordability. Land-use policies must also take better into account the many benefits of biodiversity and internalise the negative externalities of land take.