Population ageing is leading to rising financing pressures in the pension, health care and long-term care systems. Official projections suggest that ageing-related spending could increase by 3.2% of GDP by 2070. Less optimistic assumptions about demographic developments and labour market outcomes could add several percentage points to pension spending. Moreover, the risk of old-age poverty is relatively high in the earnings-related pay-as-you-go pension system, and expected pension benefits are difficult to calculate. Measures to correct these issues could double the projected increase in public pension spending in the long run. In addition, the centralised health care system has relatively little use of price signals, contributing to reduced access and outcomes that are worse than elsewhere. Structural reform could improve efficiency, but securing a projected increase in life expectancy of 10 years, aligning it with the EU average, is likely to require additional public resources. This, together with the cost of new technologies and improving quality and coverage, could increase spending by as much as 50% by 2070. The fragmented long-term care system is putting a relatively large responsibility for such care on family members, implying that public spending in this area will increase, particularly as economic structural changes affects the geographical distribution of the population.