AI and the Future of Skills, Volume 1
Capabilities and Assessments
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Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are major breakthrough technologies that are transforming the economy and society. The OECD’s Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Skills (AIFS) project is developing a programme to assess the capabilities of AI and robotics, and their impact on education and work.
This volume reports on the first step of the project: identifying which capabilities to assess and which tests to use in the assessment. It builds on an online expert workshop that explored this question from the perspectives of both psychology and computer science. The volume consists of expert contributions that review skills taxonomies and tests in different domains of psychology, and efforts in computer science to assess AI and robotics. It provides extensive discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, and outlines directions for the project. The report can therefore be a resource for the research community of multiple fields and policy makers who wish to obtain deeper insight into the complexity of machine capabilities.
Evaluating revolutions in artificial intelligence from a human perspective
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made considerable progress over the past 40 years, leading to both important applications now in daily use but also a lot of hype in the popular press. This chapter outlines a framework for understanding progress in AI to help understand how to better measure that progress. It describes three revolutions currently under way: deep learning, knowledge graphs and reasoning. It summarises the progress and limitations in each and contrasts them with human capabilities for learning, knowledge and reasoning. The chapter also summarises a fourth revolution to come, integrated intelligence, where the goal is to create systems with agency. It discusses some additional implications for measuring AI progress with respect to learning, knowledge, reasoning and agency.
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