This chapter focuses on resourcing and governance policies to support higher education in Portugal respond effectively and efficiently to changing knowledge and skills needs in Portuguese society. In the coming decade, demand for higher education graduates – and their skills - will remain strong. Public universities and polytechnics will need to make even greater contributions to upskilling and reskilling, and to innovation in Portugal’s regional economies. However, demographic change will inevitably lead to a fall in local student demand in interior and island regions. The analysis and recommendations in this chapter highlight how carefully calibrated public policies can support HEIs to make strategic choices and adapt their profiles to changing circumstances, while ensuring an accessible, relevant and high-quality public higher education system.