As reviewed in the previous chapters, young people in Japan today are facing more difficulties during the school-to-work transition period compared with previous generations. They experience more frequent and longer spells of unemployment and inactivity, as well as a higher probability of switching between precarious jobs. Responding to this new situation requires high quality job-search assistance, training and other employment support programmes provided by public employment service (PES). Equally important is to ensure that youth are covered by adequate unemployment benefit schemes.