Skills shortages are one of the most pressing issues for long-term resilience in the Nordic countries. The COVID 19 crisis highlighted the challenges faced by otherwise high-performing skill development systems in adapting quickly to sudden changes in the labour market. Lessons can be learned from the adjustments countries made during the pandemic to improve their responsiveness to changes in skills demand and supply and to strengthen skills matching in the long term. This chapter provides an overview of the demand for and supply of skills in the Nordic countries, their adult education and training systems and patterns of participation in training. It then discusses the measures taken in the context of the pandemic, namely: i) the mechanisms used to stimulate demand for training and their impact; ii) the support provided to ensure training supply and take-up; and iii) the role of the social partners as negotiators, advisers, and decision-makers.