The Missing Entrepreneurs 2023
Policies for Inclusive Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment
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The Missing Entrepreneurs 2023 is the seventh edition in a series of biennial reports examining how government policies can release untapped entrepreneurial potential from under-represented parts of the population of impactful entrepreneurs, including women, youth, seniors, the unemployed, immigrants and people with disabilities. It offers comparative data on the entrepreneurship activities and the barriers faced by each group across OECD and European Union countries. It takes a deep dive into the effectiveness of youth entrepreneurship schemes and the design of welfare bridge schemes for business creation by job seekers. It also contains country profiles for each of the 27 EU Member States showing the major recent trends in diversity in entrepreneurship and the current state and evolution of policy for each country.
Seniors’ self-employment and entrepreneurship activities
There is a growing population of healthy older people with the skills, financial resources and time available to contribute to economic activity through extending their working lives, including through entrepreneurship. While seniors are active in self-employment and the proportion of working seniors who are self-employed increases with age, seniors are not very active in creating new businesses. This chapter presents data on business creation and self-employment by seniors across European Union Member States and OECD countries, including on barriers faced. It also highlights recent policy developments and makes recommendations for how policies and programmes that support older entrepreneurs could be strengthened.
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