Carbon Management: Bioeconomy and Beyond
The bioeconomy brings opportunities for economic growth while tackling climate change. Fossil carbon resources can be replaced by bio-based carbon resources, especially biomass. To allow these solutions to be scaled up without threats to biodiversity and the environment, it is necessary to develop the bioeconomy as a circular economy. With this carbon management approach, other sources of carbon complement biomass: industrial waste, including gases such as CO and CO2, as well as physically and chemically recycled carbon. In the future, direct air capture (DAC) may become competitive and form part of the solution. These approaches can be considered ‘circular’ because they close material loops and keep carbon recycling in the economy rather than emitting carbon to the atmosphere. This report reviews a number of hybrid technologies that can be deployed to ‘defossilise’ economic sectors and sets out policy options to bring these technologies to commercial scale.
Case study summaries and their main policy points
This chapter presents sixteen case studies submitted by nine OECD member states. They are summarised and include the policy issues raised by the authors of the case studies. This list of case studies provides an insight into the extent to which hybrid technologies, involving more than one single technology, will be important in the net-zero carbon landscape later this century.
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