Decarbonising Urban Mobility with Land Use and Transport Policies
The Case of Auckland, New Zealand
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The report presents an in-depth analysis of various policies that aim to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of urban transport. Decarbonising transport lies at the core of efforts to mitigate climate change and has close links to urban sustainability and housing affordability. The report identifies the drivers of rising emissions in the urban transport sector and offers pathways to reduce them through a combination of transport and land use policies. The analysis yields a holistic welfare evaluation of these policies, assessing them according to their environmental effectiveness, their economic efficiency and their impact on fiscal balance and housing affordability. The report concludes that significant reductions in emissions from urban transport can be achieved through a careful alignment of transport policies designed to promote the use of public transit and electric vehicles, and land use policies, which foster a more compact urban form. The study is based on the case of Auckland, New Zealand but the lessons drawn are relevant for institutions and governments working on issues relating to urban sustainability, transport, housing and climate change mitigation.
The challenges related to decarbonising transport in low-density urban areas
This chapter frames the overall importance of decarbonising transport in low-density urban areas, the responses available to policy makers and their anticipated impact. The challenge is considerable, as cities are currently home to 50% of world’s population but are responsible for 60-80% of global CO2 emissions. Urban policy action is imperative, since city populations and global urban land cover will continue growing and technological solutions alone will not suffice to offset that growth. Rapid policy interventions on the areas detailed in the report should therefore be prioritised if the targeted emission reductions are to be achieved.
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