This chapter looks at the challenges facing EaP countries on greening SMEs, and the progress that has been made so far. It begins with an examination of existing regulatory regimes in EaP countries, highlighting ongoing proposals to move away from uniform application of single-medium permitting. The chapter examines some of the environmental considerations that have been introduced into strategic documents from EaP countries on SME support activities, and highlights survey data on how SMEs are informed about regulatory requirements. The chapter notes that EaP SMEs that do undertake efficiency measures mostly do so for economic reasons. The importance of shifting to new regulatory regimes that lessen enterprises’ regulatory burden and are calibrated based on the level of environmental risk is highlighted. In conjunction with that, policy gaps in EaP countries are explored, in particular around technical and financial support for green practices, and effective communication and information tools.