Rising productivity is a key source of long-run economic growth that can increase material living standards. To capture the role of environmental services, the OECD productivity framework was extended to calculate the environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity (EAMFP) growth. The EAMFP thus measures a country’s ability to generate income from a given set of inputs (including also domestic natural resources). At the same time, it accounts for the production of undesirable environmental by-products (pollution).