During the 2000s, Mexico experienced average economic growth, poverty and inequality were among the highest in the OECD, and environmental degradation imposed significant costs on the economy. This chapter provides a snapshot of some key environmental trends in Mexico over the last decade, in the context of the transition towards green growth and sustainable development. It briefly describes Mexico’s progress in using energy and natural resources efficiently; in managing its natural asset base, including renewable and non-renewable natural resource stocks and biodiversity; and in improving its people’s environmental quality of life.