OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Portugal 2023
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Portugal managed to decouple several environmental pressures from economic growth over 2013-19. It played a leading role in the approval of the European Climate Law and adopted the Portuguese Framework Climate Law in 2021. This needs to be swiftly implemented to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, improve climate resilience and protect ecosystems. Portugal has stepped up adaptation efforts but needs to do more to address multiple threats, including coastal erosion, floods, droughts and forest fires. The country is lagging behind in waste management. Meanwhile, the increase in freshwater abstractions in water-scarce southern regions is a concern.
This is the fourth Environmental Performance Review of Portugal. It provides an evidence-based assessment of the country's progress towards its environmental goals over the past decade. The 26 recommendations aim to help Portugal improve its environmental performance, giving special focus to carbon neutrality.
Also available in: French
Carbon neutrality
Portugal has overachieved its 2020 climate mitigation goals thanks to a significant decrease in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the past decade. It has stepped up its efforts to adapt to climate change. The country can be commended for its leading role in climate action under its Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2021. This chapter reviews progress and identifies remaining challenges regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. It also examines the effectiveness of sectoral and horizontal policies towards Portugal’s 2050 carbon neutrality goal.
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