OECD Green Growth Policy Review of Egypt 2024
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Egypt is a rapidly growing emerging economy and a demographic heavyweight on the African continent. High population growth, land-use change, pollution and climate change are increasingly putting pressure on the natural environment, including on its rich biodiversity. Egypt has achieved relative decoupling of greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth, though it needs to further mainstream climate action across sectors and progressively raise ambition. As one of the world’s most water-stressed countries, greater use of economic instruments would help address scarcity and improve water quality. As part of Egypt’s Vision 2030, the government is committed to turning environmental challenges into opportunities. It has taken steps to move towards more sustainable waste management and address air pollution, which remains a health concern. Egypt has significant potential to accelerate its clean energy transition. While environmental information and data have improved overall, public participation in environmental decision making needs to be further enhanced.
This is the first Green Growth Policy Review of Egypt. It examines progress towards sustainable development and green growth over the past decade. The 40 recommendations aim to help Egypt improve its environmental performance, giving a special focus to building climate-smart, resilient and inclusive cities.
Building climate-smart, resilient and inclusive cities
As engines of growth, cities can play a pivotal role in supporting Egypt’s green transition. At the same time, cities are major sources of pollution. They need to contribute more strongly to national climate mitigation efforts and build resilience to multiple climate-related risks, especially heatwaves, flash floods, dust storms and rising sea levels. The role of subnational governments is essential in advancing place-based climate action. This chapter examines opportunities and challenges to make cities more inclusive and a driving force for Egypt’s green transition. It includes brief case studies on climate action in the Governorate of Alexandria and the city of Al-Kharga, an oasis in the New Valley Governorate.
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