Building on the data analysis presented in Chapter 2, case studies and interviews, as well as the challenges in financing adaptation analysed in Chapter 3, this chapter identifies possible action areas through which international climate finance providers can increase the volume, accessibility, and effectiveness of finance for adaptation in developing countries. The five recommended action areas are: i) assessing the consistency of forward spending plans with the call to collectively double climate finance for adaptation by 2025; ii) supporting developing countries’ efforts to strengthen their capacities, policies and enabling environment for finance for adaptation; iii) strengthening development practices and systems to ensure efficient delivery of adaptation finance; iv) deploying public and blended finance instruments strategically to mobilise private finance for adaptation; and v) exploring and tapping into alternative financing sources and mobilisation instruments for adaptation.