Following the successful climate change agreement reached in Paris at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21), attention needs to shift quickly to how countries will achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions. Governments will need to take actions that will help accelerate a shift away from investments in carbon-intensive infrastructure and toward low-carbon, climate-resilient (LCR) infrastructure. Investment is growing in renewable energy and energy efficiency, but not quickly enough to get the world on track to achieve zero net greenhouse gas emissions globally by the end of this century. This “decarbonisation” of the global economy will be necessary if we are to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above preindustrial levels, as 195 countries agreed in Paris. To achieve these very ambitious goals, governments need to make full use of their capacity to leverage and unlock much larger flows of private investment in low-carbon infrastructure.