Mauritius has experienced strong growth and development over many years, but more recently exports have lost in competitiveness, terms of trade have declined, and productivity and private investment (especially domestic) have barely increased for over a decade. Such problems have structural causes, and dedicated efforts aimed at enhancing the position of Mauritian industries in international supply chains are required. In this regard, this chapter investigates the existent framework for investment promotion and for protection of investor rights, and explores investment and growth trends over the last two decades. Despite a positive picture overall, Mauritius must contend with a slight decline in private investment, stagnation of gross fixed capital formation, and insufficient prioritisation of investment inflows into strategic economic sectors. Key policy challenges faced by Mauritius in attracting investment across all economic sectors are identified, followed by associated policy options in the areas of investment policy, investment promotion, infrastructure development and competition policy, trade policy, and human resource development.