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Connecting with Emigrants

A Global Profile of Diasporas 2015

Please cite this publication as:
OECD (2015), Connecting with Emigrants: A Global Profile of Diasporas 2015, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264239845-en.

Metadata, Legal and Rights

ISBN: 978-92-64-24651-5 (epub) - 978-92-64-23983-8 (print) - 978-92-64-23984-5 (pdf)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264239845-en

This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.

This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Photo credits: Cover © Cienpies Design/Shutterstock.com.

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© OECD 2015

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Foreword

Migration is a growing and dynamic phenomenon. The number of international migrants in the world increased by one-third in the 13 years to 2013, to the level of 232 million. Countries of origin have become more diversified over time, while new countries of destination and transit have emerged. In addition, migrants are today more skilled than ever and women represent a growing share of migrants, in particular skilled ones. Intra-regional flows are on the rise across the world, including within the OECD area and Europe. The challenge of how to reach out to diasporas is shared among all countries, irrespectively of their income and development levels.

There is a broad recognition both in origin and destination countries that migrants provide opportunities if properly supported and many governments are adopting policies to help them fully utilise and further develop their skills. Countries of origin increasingly realise that definitive return is not the only way that diasporas can contribute to their home countries. Members of the diaspora make as many ambassadors of their countries of origin around the world. Building links with their emigrants abroad and engaging with their diasporas have become important issues for government and development agencies in the countries of origin. The contribution of the diasporas to their countries of origin depends greatly on their size and their characteristics, such as the skills and age but also on the integration of migrants in the host-country’s labour market and their income.

The availability of high quality and internationally comparable data on diasporas is a prerequisite for proper analysis of migration as well as for the design and implementation of effective policies in both sending and receiving countries. However, such data remain difficult to collect at the global level.

This publication gathers a broad range of statistical information on migrant populations in the OECD area and in a number of non-OECD countries by origin country. It is aimed at helping policy makers to tailor policies to the specific needs and circumstances of the population groups in question. It fills in the data gap on diasporas by presenting a broad range of statistical information on migrant populations and notably trends over time by country and region of origin.

The primary data source is the Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC and DIOC-E) which is the result of a longstanding cooperation between the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the French Development Agency (AfD). This database contains new and detailed information on diasporas and their characteristics and how these have evolved over time. The latest update was conducted also in cooperation with the World Bank and the International Migration Institute at the University of Oxford and with support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.

This publication contains a synthesis chapter and six regional chapters which present the latest developments in diasporas by region of the world. In addition, it contains six regional notes and 140 country notes summarising the key characteristics of emigrant populations (gender, age, education) and their labour market outcomes; the numbers and main destinations of international students; recent migrant flows to OECD countries; the evolution of diasporas, and of the labour market outcomes of migrants between 2000/01 and 2010/11; and information on the desire to emigrate among different population groups.

We hope that this publication will help to portray more accurately the migrant communities worldwide in order to facilitate sound policies in both sending and receiving countries and better international cooperation.

Stefano Scarpetta

Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs

OECD

Gaël Giraud

Chief economist

Executive Director Research and Knowledge

Agence Française de Développement

Acknowledgements

This publication is the result of a joint effort by the OECD and the Research Department of the Agence Française de Développement. It has also received financial support by the Swiss Agency for Development and Co-operation.

The publication was edited by Theodora Xenogiani (OECD). The first chapter was drafted by Ana Moreno Maldonado (OECD) and Theodora Xenogiani (OECD) with a contribution by Salomé Drouard. Regional chapters were drafted by Ronald Skeldon (University of Sussex) (Asia and Oceania); Jean-Baptiste Meyer (Institut de recherche pour le développement) (Latin America and the Caribbean); Cansin Arslan (OECD and the Middle East and North Africa); Joanna Nestorowicz (University of Warsaw) (non-OECD European countries and Central Asia); Nathalie Bougnoux and Rohen D’Aiglepierre (Agence Française de Développement) (Sub-Saharan Africa). Research and statistical assistance was provided by Ana Moreno Maldonado, Véronique Gindrey and Salomé Drouard. Editorial assistance was provided by Marlène Mohier.

Acronyms and abbreviations

AfD

French Development Agency

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

DIOC

OECD Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries

DIOC-E

OECD Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (extended to non-OECD countries)

DRC

Democratic Republic of the Congo

ECA

Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia

GDP

Gross domestic product

HDI

Human Development Index

ISCED

International Standard Classification of Education

LAC

Latin America and the Caribbean

LFS

Labour Force Survey

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MICAL

Migration of Knowledge Workers of Latin America

PPP

Purchasing power parities

SSA

Sub-Saharan Africa

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UOE

UNESCO/OECD/Eurostat Education Database

USD

United States dollar

Executive summary

International migration has rapidly grown and changed in composition in the last few decades. Countries of origin and destination have also become more diverse. Countries of destination have migration management and integration high in their policy agendas, while countries of origin put emphasis on protecting their citizens abroad and maintaining their bonds with them. The potential contribution that diasporas can make towards the development of their home countries is now fully acknowledged. The availability of high-quality and internationally comparable data on the size and characteristics of the migrant populations by country of origin is a prerequisite for proper analysis of migration as well as for the implementation of effective policies by countries on both sides of the migration phenomenon.

The objective of this publication is to draw the global profile of diasporas in the OECD area and in a number of non-OECD countries by country and region of origin. It aims at filling the data gap on diasporas by presenting a broad range of statistical information on migrant populations and trends over time by country and region of origin. The information is compiled from different OECD databases, notably the Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD countries (DIOC and DIOC-E) as well as non-OECD data sources.

This publication is organised as follows. Chapter 1 presents the profile of today’s diasporas, while Chapters 2- 7 draw the profile of the diasporas of six regions or groups of countries: Asia and Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean, OECD countries, non-OECD European countries and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. The situation in each region is introduced by a separate chapter, which examines the recent trends in emigration from the region, the size and main characteristics of diasporas originating from the region and important elements of diasporas which determine their potential impact on their region and country of origin. It also discusses labour market outcomes in destination, including the impact of the economic crisis, the emigration of highly educated persons and the intentions to emigrate for the population of the region among others. Finally, each regional chapter is completed by a series of country notes and a regional note which provides detailed statistical information on diasporas and trends over time.

Key findings

In 2010/11, there were 113 million migrants (all ages) in the OECD area. The number of migrants aged 15 and above in OECD countries increased by 40% between 2000/01 and 2010/11, reaching 106 million in 2010/11. The growth was particularly strong in the first half of the decade (24.5%), whereas it was lower in the second half of the 2000s (12%) because of the economic crisis that hit some of the main destinations and led to a decline in migration flows.

Migration to the OECD is largely intra-regional: intra-OECD migration accounts for 41% of migrant stocks. However, diasporas of Asian countries such as China and India, are growing rapidly and constitute the largest diasporas, well ahead of some traditional OECD countries of origin, such as Germany and Italy.

Migrants carry important skills. In 2010/11, there were 31 million tertiary educated migrants in the OECD, 13 million more than in 2000/01. The number of highly educated migrants from Asia almost doubled in ten years reaching 8.3 million in 2010/11. The size of the highly educated diaspora also grew sharply for Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and for non-OECD European and Central Asian countries.

Emigration rates of the highly educated are on the rise but are still low for most countries. The risk of brain drain is higher for Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, while it is less of a concern for other regions. For many regions and countries, the rising educational attainment of their populations has mitigated the negative effects of the increasing numbers of their high-skilled emigrants and, as a result, the emigration rate of their highly educated population increased only slightly or remained constant between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

International students constitute an important and growing group of highly educated migrants. In 2012, there were 2.7 million international students in the OECD, up from 2.2 million in 2008. Students from Asia and Oceania represent 40% of all international students and China and India are the top countries of origin with jointly 800 000 international students in OECD countries.

In 2010/11, 31.3 million migrants were living in the 51 non-OECD destinations covered by this publication. Non-OECD European countries and countries in Central Asia host more than half of these migrants, with the Russian Federation being the top destination. Similarly to migration to the OECD, migration to these non-OECD destinations is also broadly intra-regional migration.

Migrants in the OECD area have seen substantial improvements in their labour market outcomes in the past decade, but the economic crisis reverted this positive trend for some of them. Migrants from Latin America and MENA, as well as low-educated migrants were more heavily hurt than other migrants because they were working in countries and sectors which were particularly affected by the economic crisis.

According to recent data from the Gallup World Poll Survey, one in five persons in the 150 countries covered by the data, or more than 406 million persons, would like to move permanently abroad if they had the opportunity. Men, youth, the more educated and wealthier persons are more likely to express their desire to emigrate, as also are those with friends and families abroad.

Chapter 1.

A profile of today’s diasporas¹

Whether diasporas can help foster development depends on their characteristics, such as size, composition, skill levels and degree of concentration, but also on the degree of integration into the destination countries and the economic, political and social environment in countries of origin. This chapter presents a panorama of the diasporas, with a focus on highly educated migrants and labour market outcomes, prior to and after the economic crisis. Looking forward, the chapter also presents data on the desire to emigrate for different population groups, based on the results of the latest Gallup World Poll Survey.

Key findings

In 2010/11, there were 113 million migrants (all ages) in the OECD area and an additional 31.3 million in about 51 non-OECD destinations covered by this publication.

The number of migrants aged 15 and above in OECD countries increased by 40% over the last decade, reaching 106 million in 2010/11. The growth was particularly strong in the first half of the decade (24.5%), whereas it was lower in the second half of the 2000s (12%) because of the economic crisis that hit some of the main destinations.

Migration to the OECD is largely intraregional: intra-OECD migration accounts for 41% of migrant stocks. However, diasporas of Asian countries such as China and India, are growing rapidly and constitute the largest diasporas, well ahead of some traditional OECD countries of origin, such as Germany and Italy.

Migrant flows to the OECD reached 5.2 million in 2012. One third of them concern intra-OECD mobility, while 1.4 million are flows from Asia and Oceania. The flows from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia doubled over this period, as a result of the European Union’s enlargement.

Migrants carry important skills. In 2010/11, there were 31 million tertiary educated migrants in the OECD, 13 million more than in 2000/01. The number of highly educated migrants from Asia almost doubled in ten years reaching 8.3 million in 2010/11. The size of the highly educated diaspora also grew sharply for Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin American and for non-OECD European and Central Asian countries.

Emigration rates of the highly educated are on the rise but are still low for most countries. The risk of brain is higher for Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, while it is less of a concern for other regions. Small countries and island states are the most vulnerable. For many regions and countries, the rising educational attainment of their populations has mitigated the negative effects of the increasing numbers of their high-skilled emigrants in OECD destinations.

International students constitute an important and growing group of highly educated migrants. In 2012, there were 2.7 million international students in the OECD, up from 2.2 million in 2008. Students from Asia and Oceania represent 40% of all international students, with China and India being the top origin countries with jointly 800 000 international students.

Non-OECD European countries and countries in Central Asia host more than half of the 31 million migrants that can be found in 51 non-OECD countries, with the Russian Federation being the top destination. The shares of women and low-educated persons are higher among migrants in the selected non-OECD destinations than those in the OECD area.

Migration to these 51 non-OECD destinations is also broadly intra-regional migration. At least half of the emigration from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia is taking place within the region. Likewise, at least two in five emigrants from Latin America, but also Asia and Oceania have migrated within their region of origin.

Migrants in the OECD area have seen substantial improvements in their labour market outcomes in the past decade, but the economic crisis reverted this positive trend. Migrants from Latin America and MENA, as well as low-educated migrants were more heavily hurt than other migrants because they were working in countries and sectors which were particularly affected.

According to recent data from the Gallup World Poll Survey, one in five persons in the 150 countries covered by the data, or more than 406 million persons, would like to move permanently abroad if they had the opportunity. Men, youth, more educated and wealthier persons are more likely to express their desire to emigrate, as are also those with friends and families abroad.

International migration has rapidly grown and changed in composition in the last few decades. Understanding and analysing the potential contribution that these growing diasporas can make towards the development of their home countries requires a good knowledge of who these diaspora members are, where they are and what they are doing.

This publication aims at filling the data gap related to the size and description of diasporas by gathering a broad range of statistical information on migrant populations worldwide by origin country. The statistical information on which this volume is based is compiled from many different OECD databases as well as from other, non-OECD sources. This publication is the second volume of the report Connecting with Emigrants. A Global Profile of Diasporas which was jointly published by the OECD and the AfD in 2012. It contains up to date and new information on migrants by country and region of origin.

Whether diasporas could help foster development depends on their characteristics, such as size, composition, skill levels and degree of concentration, but also on the degree of integration into the destination countries and the economic, political and social environment in origin countries. Section 1 of this chapter presents the most recent panorama of the diasporas; Section 2 discusses the financial and human capital resources of the diasporas. Section 3 provides new evidence on migration to 51 non-OECD destinations and draws the profile of diasporas in these non-OECD destinations, while Section 4 presents evidence on the labour market outcomes of migrants and discusses the effect of the global economic crisis. Section 5 presents evidence on the desire to emigrate and potential emigration rates by origin countries and different population groups, based on the results of the Gallup World Poll Survey. Section 6 concludes.

Box 1.1. The Database on Immigrants in OECD and Non-OECD Countries

This publication draws extensively on the Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries and Non-OECD Countries (DIOC 2010/11 and DIOC-E 2010/11) which was constructed with the aim of providing reliable and internationally comparable data on migrants by country of origin. The data are collected by country of destination through special requests made to national statistical offices in each country.

DIOC 2000/01, released in 2008, incorporates detailed information on demographic characteristics, level of education and labour market outcomes of the population (aged 15 and over) for 28 destination countries and more than 200 countries of origin. An update of DIOC based on 2005/06 data was produced and released in 2010.

The latest update of DIOC (2010/11), is based on data collected by national statistical authorities around 2010/11. In total, it covers 33 OECD countries (only Korea is not covered) and provides detailed information for about 200 countries of origin. For the vast majority of countries’ data, are based on population censuses or population registers, while for a number of countries national surveys and Labour Force Surveys are used when registers and census data were not available. Labour Force Surveys are used for a greater number of countries in the 2005/06 edition of DIOC as only some OECD countries conducted a census around those years.

The aim of DIOC is to strengthen the efforts to construct a migration database which is comparable both across countries of destination and of origin and which allows analysing the characteristics of migrants by origin country and their evolution. The database includes information by country of residence, country of origin, age, sex, educational attainment, duration of stay, labour force status, occupations, sectors and field of study. In the 2010/11 version of DIOC, detailed information on health and education professionals is collected.

The data collection for DIOC-E is ongoing, in collaboration with the World Bank and the International Migration Institute at the University of Oxford. DIOC-E (2010/11) currently includes information on 33 OECD countries and 51 non-OECD countries. At this stage, its coverage in terms of variables is slightly more limited than DIOC 2010/11 (see Table 1.1 for details on the variables included in the different versions of DIOC).

Table 1.1. Development of DIOC and DIOC-E over time
| DIOC 2000/01 | DIOC extended (DIOC-E) 2000/01 | DIOC 2005/06 | DIOC 2010/11 | DIOC extended (DIOC-E) 2010/11
Number of countries | 28 | 100 | 27 | 33 | 84
Country of residence | x | x | x | x | x
Country of birth | x | x | x | x | x
Nationality | x | x | x | x |
Gender | x | x | x | x | x
Age | x | x | x | x | x
Educational attainment | x | x | x | x | x
Duration of residence | x |  | x | x |
Labour force status | x | x | x | x | x¹
Occupation | x | x | x | x | x¹
Sector of activity | x |  |  | x |
Field of study | x |  |  | x |
1. This information is available for a more limited number of countries of residence.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271086

DIOC defines the educational level of migrants on the basis of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). Differences between national systems make the mapping quite complex and in some cases imperfect. Despite these limitations, persons can be classified into three broad categories: i) low-education which refers to up to lower secondary education, ii) medium-education which corresponds to upper secondary education and post-secondary non-tertiary education and iii) high-education which refers to tertiary education.

This publication contains one chapter which focuses on OECD countries of origin. As a result, the remaining five regional chapters, do not cover the OECD countries which belong to a specific region. For instance, the chapter on Latin America and the Caribbean does not cover Mexico and Chile. Likewise, the chapter on Asia and Oceania does not cover Japan and Korea. Some of these regions do not constitute geographic entities, but rather groups of countries, as is for example the case of the non-OECD European countries and countries in Central Asia.

This publication includes 140 country notes and six regional notes summarising diaspora sizes; the characteristics of emigrant populations (gender, age, education, labour market outcomes); the numbers and main destinations of international students; recent migrant flows to OECD countries; and information on the intention to emigrate of different population groups. Country notes are grouped into six regions: 1) Asia and Oceania; 2) Latin America and the Caribbean; 3) OECD countries; 4) Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia; 5) Middle East and North Africa; and 6) Sub-Saharan Africa. The situation in each region is introduced by a separate chapter, which examines the recent trends in emigration from the region, the size and main characteristics of diasporas originating from the region and important elements of diasporas which determine their potential impact on their region and country of origin. It also discusses labour market outcomes in destination, including the impact of the economic crisis, the emigration of highly educated persons and the intentions to emigrate for the population of the region among others.

1. Recent trends in international migration

Migration to OECD countries is growing rapidly

The total number of migrants in the OECD area reached 113 million in 2010/11. When one focuses on persons aged 15 and above, the total numbers of migrants in the OECD area comes down to 106 million.

The number of migrants aged 15 and above in the OECD area increased by 40% between 2000/01 and 2010/11.2 However, the growth rate has not been constant over time: from 2000/01 to 2005/06 the total number of migrants (aged 15+) in the OECD increased by 24.5% on average while the growth rate between 2005/06 and 2010/11 was half of that as a consequence of the economic crisis that affected most OECD countries.

Migration to the OECD is mainly intra-regional: in 2010/11, there were 42.5 million migrants in the OECD area originating in another OECD country (intra-OECD migrants) accounting for 41% of all migrants (Figure 1.1). Asia together with Oceania are the regions of origin of 18.5 million migrants and account for 18% of the total, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (15%), Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia (14%), the Middle East and North Africa (7%) and, lastly, Sub-Saharan Africa, which contributes with 5% of the total stock of migrants.

Figure 1.1. Migrants by region of origin, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. Iceland is excluded from OECD destinations when comparisons between 2000/01 and 2010/10 are made.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269089

The growth in the stock of migrants has been far from homogeneous across the different regions of origin. The number of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa increased by 75% between 2000/01 and 2010/11, while that of migrants from Asia and Oceania as well as non-OECD European and Central Asian countries grew by 57%. The OECD experienced the lowest growth of its diaspora over the past decade (+22%), while the diaspora of the Middle East and North Africa grew by 40% over the same period.

Emigration rates provide another perspective of international migration, as they take into account the size of the population in the origin country. Non-OECD European countries and Central Asian countries had the highest emigration rate of persons 15 years old and above in 2010/11, 4.7%, closely followed by Latin America and the Caribbean and the OECD, with emigration rates both over 4%. The lowest emigration rates are observed in Asia and Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa, 0.7% and 1.1%, respectively, despite the fact that they have experienced the biggest relative increase in the number of emigrants. This is attributed to an also higher population growth in these regions. However, all regions recorded higher emigration rates in 2010/11 than in 2000/01.

The contributions of the different regions vary greatly when the emigrant populations are decomposed by level of education. 45% of all low-skilled migrants (those with at most lower secondary educational attainment, categories 0, 1 and 2 of the ISCED classification) in the OECD are from another OECD country, but this share is lower when it comes to high-skilled ones (36%) (Figure 1.2). The contrary holds for Asia and Oceania: its emigrants represent 27% of all high-skilled migrants (those with tertiary education, or categories 5 and 6 of the ISCED classification), but only 14% of medium-educated ones and 13% of low-skilled migrants. Emigrants from Latin American and the Caribbean and non-OECD European countries and Central Asia contribute relatively more to the medium-skilled and low-skilled emigrant population than to high-skilled migration.

Figure 1.2. Distribution of migrants by region of origin for each level of education, 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269097

Countries of origin are changing over time

More than 11% of all migrants in the OECD in 2010/11 were born in Mexico. 98.5% of Mexican emigrants reside in the United States and 92% arrived in the country before 2005/06. The United Kingdom, China³, India and Germany complete the list of the five countries with the largest diasporas (Table 1.2). This is an important change relative to the top five countries of origin in 2000/01 which were all OECD countries (Mexico, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Poland). Indeed, China moved from position seven to position three within ten years, as the country saw a growth in its emigrants in the OECD by 74% over the same period. Similarly, India, with a diaspora which grew by 83% in ten years, moved from position nine to position four. But the most impressive growth is recorded by Romanian emigrants: 2.7 million of Romanians aged 15+ (2.9 million when young persons below age 15 are included) were found in the OECD in 2010/11, representing a growth of 139% relative to their 2000/01 level.

Table 1.2. Top countries of origin of migrants in the OECD, 2000/01 and 2010/11
Number of migrants to the OECD
All migrants | Top origin countries for recent migrants
| Population all ages | Population aged 15+ | Population aged 15+
| 2010/11 | 2010/11 | 2000/01 | Rank in 2000/01 | Growth between 2000/01 and 2010/11 | 2010/11
Mexico | 12 052 200 | 11 321 900 | 8 330 800 |  1 |  36% | India | 894 800
United Kingdom |  3 972 100 |  3 699 000 | 3 258 100 |  2 |  14% | Mexico | 871 200
China |  3 907 800 |  3 631 900 | 2 090 100 |  7 |  74% | China | 820 600
India |  3 836 300 |  3 614 800 | 1 971 400 |  9 |  83% | Poland | 792 700
Germany |  3 638 500 |  3 416 400 | 3 154 300 |  3 |   8% | Romania | 778 100
Poland |  3 446 100 |  3 269 100 | 2 185 600 |  5 |  50% | Ukraine | 469 000
Philippines |  3 207 000 |  3 013 700 | 1 938 500 | 10 |  55% | Philippines | 458 100
Romania |  2 886 400 |  2 686 200 | 1 125 200 | 18 | 139% | Germany | 436 200
Turkey |  2 683 800 |  2 623 300 | 2 113 500 |  6 |  24% | Morocco | 410 000
Morocco |  2 704 100 |  2 565 300 | 1 674 900 | 11 |  53% | United Kingdom | 409 400
Russian Federation |  2 577 300 |  2 401 200 | 1 972 100 |  8 |  22% | Kazakhstan | 365 600
Italy |  2 323 200 |  2 264 400 | 2 366 400 |  4 |  -4% | Uzbekistan | 278 400
Viet Nam |  2 014 200 |  1 938 900 | 1 518 300 | 12 |  28% | France | 266 200
Korea |  1 914 400 |  1 773 200 | 1 446 700 | 13 |  23% | Pakistan | 254 900
Ukraine |  1 733 000 |  1 658 900 | 1 048 000 | 21 |  58% | United States | 249 200
Algeria |  1 576 200 |  1 522 700 | 1 325 400 | 14 |  15% | Brazil | 240 500
Portugal |  1 531 800 |  1 475 500 | 1 260 900 | 16 |  17% | Colombia | 227 400
Puerto Rico |  1 530 900 |  1 416 600 | 1 300 100 | 15 |   9% | Russian Federation | 199 100
France |  1 503 500 |  1 406 800 | 1 160 900 | 17 |  21% | Korea | 192 500
El Salvador |  1 272 600 |  1 225 800 |   835 800 | 24 |  47% | Turkey | 190 200
Cuba |  1 250 100 |  1 203 800 |   927 800 | 22 |  30% | Italy | 178 500
United States |  1 903 600 |  1 197 100 |   887 200 | 23 |  35% | Bulgaria | 178 000
Pakistan |  1 284 000 |  1 183 900 |   669 700 | 31 |  77% | Peru | 174 800
Colombia |  1 281 500 |  1 178 800 |   696 600 | 28 |  69% | Albania | 165 800
Canada |  1 239 600 |  1 161 100 | 1 070 600 | 20 |   8% | Iraq | 160 100
Brazil |  1 131 500 |  1 026 000 |   555 000 | 37 |  85% | Moldova | 158 300
Kazakhstan |  1 046 400 |  1 007 400 |   433 300 | 46 | 132% | Viet Nam | 154 200
Dominican Republic |  1 053 900 |    989 000 |   695 600 | 29 |  42% | Cuba | 153 600
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. Iceland is excluded from OECD destinations when comparisons between 2000/01 and 2010/11 are made. Recent migrants are those who have been in the country for five years or less.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271099

The emergence of new countries with important diasporas can also be seen when we focus on recent migrants, that is those who have been in the country for less than five years. India is the top country of origin for recent migrants (895 000 persons aged 15+), closely followed by Mexico. China, Poland and Romania follow with 820 600, 792 700 and 778 100 recent migrants respectively. OECD countries with large diasporas such as Germany and the United Kingdom are found in positions eight and ten respectively when it comes to recent migrants.

New destinations have emerged

The United States is by far the top destination country in the OECD, hosting nearly 41 million migrants aged 15 or more (43 million migrants of all ages) in 2010/11 (Table 1.3), 39% of the total number of migrants in the OECD. Germany follows with an immigrant stock of 10.4 million, followed by the United Kingdom, France and Canada, with stocks of about seven million each. However, among the top destinations, Spain and Italy have recorded the highest growth in the past decade. Spain hosted 5.1 million migrants in 2010/11, almost three times as many as in 2000/01. Italy has also experienced a growth of 121% over the same period, reaching 4.5 million immigrants in 2010/11.

Table 1.3. OECD destinations
| Number of immigrants | Change between  2000/01 and 2010/11 | Immigrants as a share of the population
OECD destinations | 2010/11 | 2000/01 | 2010/11 | 2000/01
United States |  40 861 900 | 31 389 500 |  30% | 17% | 14%
Germany |  10 363 000 |  6 668 200 |  55% | 15% | 11%
United Kingdom |   7 382 900 |  4 503 500 |  64% | 14% |  9%
France |   6 806 700 |  5 600 200 |  22% | 13% | 12%
Canada |   6 726 300 |  5 355 200 |  26% | 25% | 22%
Spain |   5 100 900 |  1 914 900 | 166% | 13% |  6%
Australia |   4 973 100 |  3 860 200 |  29% | 30% | 27%
Italy |   4 461 500 |  2 020 900 | 121% |  9% |  4%
Switzerland |   1 772 800 |  1 424 700 |  22% | 29% | 25%
Israel |   1 718 800 |  1 771 000 |  -3% | 32% | 40%
Netherlands |   1 521 600 |  1 415 700 |   7% | 11% | 11%
Belgium |   1 499 900 |  1 019 300 |  47% | 16% | 12%
Japan |   1 319 600 |  1 142 400 |  16% |  1% |  1%
Greece |   1 216 400 |    999 900 |  22% | 13% | 11%
Sweden |   1 208 600 |    933 800 |  29% | 16% | 14%
Austria |   1 151 800 |    923 700 |  25% | 18% | 14%
New Zealand |   1 125 700 |    624 100 |  80% | 33% | 23%
Portugal |     806 500 |    585 900 |  38% |  9% |  7%
Turkey |     702 100 |  1 130 600 | -38% |  1% |  2%
Czech Republic |     674 300 |    437 000 |  54% |  8% |  5%
Ireland |     672 900 |    333 000 | 102% | 19% | 11%
Poland |     570 400 |    737 700 | -23% |  2% |  2%
Norway |     510 700 |    305 900 |  67% | 13% |  8%
Denmark |     454 600 |    319 300 |  42% | 10% |  7%
Mexico |     422 600 |    241 500 |  75% |  1% |  0%
Hungary |     361 800 |    275 500 |  31% |  4% |  3%
Finland |     220 500 |    112 400 |  96% |  5% |  3%
Slovenia |     219 100 |    164 500 |  33% | 12% | 10%
Chile |     208 400 |    162 600 |  28% |  2% |  1%
Estonia |     194 500 |    243 000 | -20% | 18% | 22%
Luxembourg |     187 800 |    129 800 |  45% | 45% | 37%
Slovak Republic |     135 600 |    113 200 |  20% |  3% |  3%
Total | 105 553 300 | 76 897 600 |  37% | 11% |  9%
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. Both OECD destinations and non-OECD destinations are restricted to include only those with data available in both 2000/01 and 2010/11 (Iceland and Korea are excluded).
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271103

Largest migrant flows come from other OECD countries and China

In 2012, 1.7 million OECD nationals moved to another OECD country (Figure 1.3). Migration flows from Asia and Oceania reached 1.4 million in 2012, the second largest of all regions. Flows from all regions increased by 50% between 2000 and 2012. The flows from European non-OECD countries and Central Asia doubled over this period, as a result of the European Union’s enlargement. Flows from these countries reached their peak in 2007 and have dropped by 24% since then. Flows from Latin America and the Caribbean peaked in 2006 and then decreased, reaching about 552 000 in 2012. The decline by 31% between 2006 and 2012 reflects the difficult labour market conditions in the United States and Spain, the two main destination countries for migrants from this region. In terms of detailed countries of origin, China, with 506 000 flows in 2012, is the top country of origin, accounting for 10% of all migrants flows. Romania (291 000), Poland (281 000), India (226 000) and Mexico (166 000) complete the top five countries in terms of migration flows to the OECD.

Figure 1.3. Migrant flows to the OECD by main region of origin, 2000-12

Thousands

Source: OECD International Migration Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269107

2. Migrants bring with them valuable skills and capital

Migrants are more and more highly educated

In 2010/11, there were more than 31 million migrants with tertiary education in the OECD, 13 million more than in 2000/01. Migrants in the OECD are becoming more educated, and the share of the highly educated among all migrants rose to 30% in 2010/11 from 25% in 2000/01. At the same time, the share of low-educated migrants declined from 41% to 33% over the same period. These trends reveal the selective nature of migration in terms of educational attainment but also the growth in the number of highly educated persons all over the world over the past decade. Especially in the Middle East and North Africa, this has more than doubled within ten years, while in Asia and Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa, it has increased by more than 50%.

There were 8.3 million highly educated migrants from Asia and Oceania in 2010/11, up by 90% since 2000/01 (Figure 1.4). Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean, have also experienced a growth in their highly educated migrants of 80% or more, reaching 3.9 million and 3.8 million respectively. The OECD, the top origin of highly educated migrants, experienced a lower growth of 55% between 2000/01 and 2010/11. However, the greatest percentage increase in highly educated emigration has occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa, from 940 000 to nearly the double in ten years.

Figure 1.4. Highly educated migrants by region of origin, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. Iceland is excluded from OECD destinations when comparisons between 2000/01 and 2010/10 are made.

Source: Database on Imigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269113

The number of highly skilled migrants from Asia increased sharply over the decade, notably because of emigration from India (Table 1.4). The number of tertiary educated Indian emigrants more than doubled in a decade. The number of Chinese migrants with tertiary education increased by 86%, whereas those from the Philippines grew by 74%.

Table 1.4. Top countries of origin of highly educated migrants living in OECD countries, 2000/01 and 2010/11
Number of migrants to the OECD
Highly educated migrants | Emigration rates of the highly educated
| 2010/11 | 2000/01 | Rank in 2000/01 | Change between 2000/01 and 2010/11 | 2010/11 | 2000/01
India | 2 238 100 | 1 002 300 |  2 | 123% |  3% |  3%
Philippines | 1 545 200 |   889 100 |  3 |  74% |  8% |  7%
China | 1 530 600 |   822 800 |  5 |  86% |  2% |  2%
United Kingdom | 1 470 600 | 1 082 300 |  1 |  36% | 11% | 12%
Germany | 1 219 500 |   865 400 |  4 |  41% |  9% |  7%
Poland |   999 900 |   467 200 |  9 | 114% | 17% | 12%
Russian Federation |   890 800 |   624 800 |  6 |  43% |  1% |  1%
Mexico |   885 500 |   475 000 |  8 |  86% |  6% |  6%
Korea |   809 400 |   517 100 |  7 |  57% |  4% |  4%
Ukraine |   657 900 |   372 700 | 13 |  77% |  4% |  3%
France |   596 600 |   377 400 | 12 |  58% |  6% |  4%
United States |   596 000 |   418 200 | 11 |  43% |  0% |  0%
Canada |   560 700 |   423 000 | 10 |  33% |  5% |  6%
Romania |   557 100 |   268 200 | 18 | 108% | 21% | 16%
Viet Nam |   539 100 |   348 100 | 14 |  55% | 11% | 18%
Iran |   471 200 |   289 700 | 15 |  63% |  4% |  7%
Pakistan |   451 600 |   202 700 | 23 | 123% |  6% |  3%
Italy |   429 200 |   273 500 | 17 |  57% |  8% |  6%
Morocco |   424 900 |   233 700 | 20 |  82% | 16% | 14%
Colombia |   375 200 |   173 700 | 27 | 116% | 11% |  6%
Japan |   361 400 |   277 200 | 16 |  30% |  1% |  1%
Cuba |   341 700 |   222 400 | 21 |  54% | 20% | 28%
Chinese Taipei |   335 700 |   263 200 | 19 |  28% |  4% |  6%
Algeria |   322 000 |   217 600 | 22 |  48% | 10% | 15%
South Africa |   296 600 |   162 300 | 28 |  83% | 12% |  7%
Brazil |   295 700 |   144 100 | 31 | 105% |  3% |  2%
Jamaica |   292 200 |   190 700 | 24 |  53% | 48% | 47%
Netherlands |   271 700 |   187 400 | 25 |  45% |  8% |  6%
Ireland |   271 200 |   177 000 | 26 |  53% | 20% | 20%
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. Iceland is excluded from OECD destinations when comparisons between 2000/01 and 2010/10 are made.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271116

These trends have also changed the ranking of countries in terms of their highly skilled migrant populations in the OECD. The top five countries have not changed between 2000/01 and 2010/11, but their order has. In 2010/11, three Asian countries, India, the Philippines and China are at the top of the list, with 2.2, 1.5 and 1.5 million highly educated migrants respectively. Together, they account for more than half of all highly educated migrants from Asia and Oceania. The United Kingdom is in the fourth position (down from the first in 2000/01) with 1.5 million. Germany completes the list with 1.2 million high-skilled migrants. Countries which saw strong increases in their highly educated diasporas are Poland (+114% growth between 2000/01 and 2010/11), Romania (+108%), Pakistan (+123%) and Colombia (+116%). Other countries recording high growth of their highly educated diasporas are Nepal, Mongolia, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Paraguay and Afghanistan. The number of tertiary educated migrants in OECD coming from the Slovak Republic, Estonia and Bulgaria doubled in a decade.

Out of the total number of migrants from Asia and Oceania, a 46% are highly educated. This share is even higher in some countries in the region. For instance, the percentage of migrants with tertiary education is above 50% in India, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines. The percentage of highly educated migrants is also high in Sub-Saharan Africa, a 37% on average and over 50% in some countries, such as Zambia, Nigeria and South Africa.

Emigration rates of the highly educated are rising but are still low for most countries

Emigration rates of the highly educated are higher than total emigration rates in most regions and countries of the world, highlighting the selective nature of migration in terms of educational attainment. Exceptions are non-OECD European countries and Central Asia, and the OECD area. Migrants from the OECD area are relatively older than those from other regions of the world and hence may have a lower educational attainment than diasporas which are younger. In addition, diasporas of OECD countries are largely dominated by those of Mexico and Turkey, which have, to a large extent, low levels of education. In contrast, in Sub-Saharan Africa, 13% of all highly educated persons have migrated, whereas only 3% of the population of the region lives in the OECD.

The emigration rate of the highly educated in Sub-Saharan Africa is the highest of all regions, followed by 8% for Latin America and 6% for the MENA region. The remaining three regions have emigration rates of the highly skilled of the order of 3%-3.5%. Brain drain may be a real concern for a small group of countries mainly in Latin America (Guyana, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica and Belize), Africa (Zimbabwe, Mauritius and Sierra Leone) as well as Oceania and Europe (Tonga, Fiji, Albania and Malta) (Figure 1.5). However, for the majority of countries, the emigration of highly educated persons is not so sizeable. For about one third of the countries, the emigration rates of the highly educated are 5% or below.

Figure 1.5. Emigration rates of the highly educated (aged 15 and above), 2010/11

Note: This map includes information on all OECD destinations, except Korea.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269120

Emigration rates of the highly skilled increased for the majority of countries of origin between 2000/01 and 2010/11. Nonetheless, the rising educational attainment of the world population has mitigated the negative effects of the increasing emigration of the highly skilled for many regions and countries. Indeed, about 48 countries experienced a decline in their highly skilled emigration rates. Many of them are countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, which at the same time experienced an unprecedented increase in the educational attainment of their populations. The drop in emigration rates has been particularly significant for Congo, Mozambique, Belize, Mauritius, Cuba, Liberia, Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia.

The highest increase in emigration rates can be observed among some of the countries with already high emigration rates of the highly skilled in 2000/01, such as Zimbabwe (+14 percentage points), Zambia (+13 percentage points), Moldova (+10 percentage points) and Gambia (+8 percentage points). Bulgaria and Kuwait started from somewhat lower rates but saw an increase of 8 percentage points. In addition, some OECD countries have seen important increases in the emigration rates, e.g. Luxembourg (+10 percentage points), the Slovak Republic (+8 percentage points) and Slovenia (+7 percentage points).

An increasing number of women among highly educated migrants

There is some evidence of feminisation of migration. The number of migrant women increased by 42% in ten years, reaching 53 million in 2010/11, versus an increase by 39% for men. This feminisation is even more obvious for tertiary educated migrants. The number of highly educated migrant women increased by 80% between 2000/01 and 2010/11, an increase of 17 percentage points higher than that for male migrants. In absolute terms, the number of highly educated female migrants has risen from nearly 9 to more than 16 million; and for male migrants, from more than 9 million to nearly 15. This increase among women is mainly driven by migrants from the Asia and Oceania region and the OECD area, which together account for more than 50% of the additional highly educated migrant women. The number of highly educated migrant women doubled among migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Oceania and non-OECD European countries and Central Asia. It is remarkable that the number of those from the MENA region also increased by 83% over the same period. Nepal, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Paraguay, Afghanistan and Lithuania have seen enormous growth of the number of highly educated migrant women who have emigrated to the OECD between 2000/01 and 2010/11 (by more than 250%). In total, for about half of the countries covered in the data, more than 10% of their highly educated women live abroad, and for about 60 countries, this percentage is more than 20%.

Main destinations for the highly educated

The three main destinations for highly educated migrants in 2010/11 are the same as in 2000/01: the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Together, they account for 62% of all highly educated migrants in the OECD, although there is a great difference between the United States, which hosts 40% of them, and the United Kingdom and Canada, with 11% each. Nevertheless, highly educated migrants in the United States represent just a 30% of all migrants in the country, while the same figure for Canada and the United Kingdom is 52% and 46%, respectively.

Over time, the highest increase in the number of highly educated immigrants has occurred in Spain, where the number tripled between 2000/01 and 2010/11. Migrants from the OECD and Latin America together account for more than 70% of the total number of highly educated migrants in Spain. This is partly explained by the strong growth in the total number of migrants that has taken place in Spain (166%) in the past decade. The United Kingdom and Germany have also experienced big relative increases in the number of highly educated immigrants, of around 150%.

International students have become an important element of international migration

Competition among OECD countries to attract and retain international students has intensified in recent years. These students represent indeed a potentially valuable workforce since they have been educated in the host country and many of them speak the local language. For this reason, many OECD countries offer them the possibility to stay in the country after their graduation to search for a job. A good share of them remains in the country as skilled migrants. These prospects, together with the growing demand for higher education across the world and the limited capacity of some countries to meet the demand, has led to an important increase in the number of international students in the OECD area, from 2.2 million in 2008 to 2.7 million in 2012 (Figure 1.6).

Figure 1.6. International students in the OECD by region of origin, 2008-12

Thousands

Source: OECD Education Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269135

The most populous group of international students is that of Asia and Oceania (40% of all international students, or more than one million), followed by the OECD (31% or 862 000 international students). The remaining four regions account for 29% of all international students.

The number of international students increased between 2008 and 2012 for all regions of origin. However, the strongest growth was that among students from the MENA region, whose number grew by 42% in four years. Students from Asia increased by 31%, while those from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia by 28%. The lowest growth rate for this period corresponds to international students from SSA, 10% between 2008 and 2012. Of the 550 000 more international students in 2012 relative to 2008, close to half (259 000) are from Asia, 130 000 from the OECD and 57 000 from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia.

Asia is taking over also in terms of international students

The dominance of Asia in highly skilled migration is also reflected in the numbers of international students from the region (Table 1.5). China, with 625 000 international students in the OECD in 2012, is by far the top country of origin, followed by India with 168 000 students. The number of Chinese students grew by 53% between 2008 and 2012, while that of Indians increased by just 3%. Five OECD countries are also among the top ten origin countries for international students: Germany (120 000), Korea (120 000), France (60 000), the United States (46 000) and Italy (45 000). Nevertheless, all together, they account for just 15% of all international students, versus 30% for students from China and India. Saudi Arabia, is the country of origin of 55 000 international students and is the only country from the Middle East among the top ten countries of origin of international students. The number of international students from the MENA region tripled in four years.

Table 1.5. Top ten countries of origin and destination of international students, 2012
Top countries of origin | Top OECD countries of destination
| Number of international students in 2012 | Share of all international students in 2012 | Change between 2008 and 2012 |  | Number of international students in 2012 | Share of all international students in 2012 | Change between 2008 and 2012
China | 625 100 | 24% |  53% | United States | 739 820 | 27% | 19%
India | 168 410 |  6% |   3% | United Kingdom | 419 820 | 15% | 26%
Germany | 120 220 |  5% |  49% | France | 253 870 |  9% | 13%
Korea | 119 930 |  5% |   9% | Australia | 235 860 |  9% | 12%
France |  59 550 |  2% |  38% | Germany | 154 460 |  6% | -5%
Saudi Arabia |  54 700 |  2% | 218% | Japan | 150 580 |  5% | 19%
Viet Nam |  48 240 |  2% |  61% | Canada |  98 640 |  4% | 24%
United States |  46 260 |  2% |   5% | Italy |  76 870 |  3% | 38%
Malaysia |  45 360 |  2% |   5% | Austria |  76 480 |  3% | 43%
Italy |  44 880 |  2% |  52% | Korea |  58 610 |  2% | 49%
Source: OECD Education Database.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271121

The country attracting the highest number of international students is the United States. In 2012 there were 740 000 international students in this country, 19% more than in 2008. Most of these students come from Asia and Oceania, especially, from China and India, which together account for 40% of all international students in the United States. About 420 000 of international students were found in the United Kingdom in 2012, 26% more than in 2008. The main origin countries for international students in the United Kingdom are again China and India; however, they represent a much lower percentage of the total, 25%, meaning that there is a greater diversity in the origins of the students compared with the United States. France and Australia are also among the top countries of destination, attracting 254 000 and 236 000 students respectively, followed by Germany and Japan with 154 000 and 151 000 international students respectively. These top ten destinations of international students account for more than 70% of all international students in the OECD.

Migrants also contribute with substantial financial resources

Migrants worldwide sent back to their home country USD 569 billion as remittances in 2014 (Figure 1.7). The bulk of remittances (70% of all flows in 2014) were sent to Asia and the OECD countries, USD 238 billion and USD 160 billion respectively. India (USD 71 billion) and China (USD 64 billion) account for a quarter of all remittances flows. However, this flow represented in 2013 just less than 4% and 1% of their GDP respectively. In contrast, remittances make a significant contribution to GDP in some countries, notably Kyrgyzstan (32% of GDP in 2013), Nepal (29%), Lesotho (24%), Armenia (21%), Haiti (21%), Gambia (20%), Liberia (18%) and Lebanon (17%).

Figure 1.7. Remittances flows by region of origin, 2005-14

Billions of current USD

Source: World Bank.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269141

Remittance flows doubled between 2005 and 2014, despite some decline in 2009, following the economic crisis. The highest increase is observed in Asia, where remittance flows in 2014 were close to three times those in 2005. Remittance flows also doubled for non-OECD European countries and Central Asia (+116%) and Middle East and North Africa (+100%). Remittances to OECD countries grew by 58% during the same period, starting already from a very high level in 2005. This impressive growth in remittances for all world regions (although to varying degrees) is related to growing migration flows and growing diasporas, but could also reflect changes in the channels used over time to send remittances home and changes in the way remittances are reported in the balance of payments from which collection of data on remittances is conducted. Clemens and McKenzie (2014) provide a useful discussion of this issue in the context of an analysis about the fairly limited macroeconomic evidence of a positive impact of remittances on economic growth.

3. New evidence on migration to selected non-OECD countries

This section extends the analysis presented in the previous sections of this chapter, by presenting the information on migrant population in 51 non-OECD destinations⁴ for which detailed data by country of origin are currently available. Its purpose is to complement the information shown above and re-draw the panorama and profile of diasporas. However, it should be noted that the country of destination coverage varies greatly across regions. Data are available for the most important non-OECD European destinations and those in Central Asia as well as in Latin America. Some important destinations in Asia and Africa are also covered but data are not disclosed for major destination countries in the MENA region. These elements need to be taken into account in the analysis and discussion of migration to non-OECD destinations as presented here as it has important implications for the composition of migrant stocks in terms of countries of origin, the characteristics of migrants and the importance of migration within regions and continents.

About half of the 31.3 million migrants aged 15 and above in the non-OECD destinations covered in this section come from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia (14.8 million or 15.2 million when persons of all ages are considered) (Figure 1.8). Migrants from Asia and Oceania account for 16% of migrant stocks in the 51 non-OECD destinations with available data (or 5.3 million persons aged 15+), while countries in the OECD and Latin America account for 9% each (2.8 million).

Figure 1.8. Migrant stocks in selected non-OECD countries and share of intra-regional migration, by region of origin and gender, 2010/11

Note: Intra-regional migration is not calculated for the MENA region because data were available only for two countries of destination. The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. The data refer to 51 non-OECD destinations as described in the Annex A.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269156

The vast majority (99%) of migration from Latin America and non-OECD European countries and Central Asia to the 51 non-OECD destinations is taking place within the region. Indeed, emigration from Latin America is largely within the continent or otherwise towards the OECD. In contrast, migration from Asia and Oceania as well as from Africa is to a larger extent directed outside their continents. In the data presented in Figure 1.8, the share of intra-regional migration stands at 87% for Asia and Oceania but this is because the important destinations of migration in the MENA region (the Gulf countries) are not covered by the data disclosed today, hence affecting the total number of migrants from this region.

For OECD migrants, intra-regional migration represents 95% of migration to all destinations. Of the remaining 2.4 million migrants from OECD countries (aged 15 and above), close to half (1.2 million) are found in Latin America, 22% in non-OECD European countries and in Central Asia (540 000) and 18% in Asia and Oceania (450 000).

Two-thirds of OECD migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean reside in Argentina and Brazil. Persons born in the United States represent close to one quarter of migrants from the OECD in Latin America and the Caribbean, and most of them are found in Puerto Rico. Many of them are possibly the children of migrants from the region who were born in the United States and returned to their parents’ home countries. 18% of OECD migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean were born in Chile (the majority of them live in Argentina), 16% were born in Italy and 12% are persons born in Portugal. Both Chileans and Italians reside in Argentina, while those born in Portugal are mostly found in Brazil. Germans represent 38% of all migrants from OECD countries found in non-OECD European countries and Central Asia. The majority of them are found in the Russian Federation (135 000). Estonians, mainly in the Russian Federation, represent another important group (12% of all migrants from the OECD in these countries).

The profile of migrants in non-OECD destinations is different from that of migrants in the OECD area. First, there are relatively more women among migrants in non-OECD destinations (50% of all migrants) in comparison with emigration to OECD countries, where 48% are women. This difference is mainly driven by non-OECD European countries and in Central Asia, for which 53% of migrants in non-OECD destinations are women, versus 45% when OECD destinations are considered. A similar difference can be observed for migrants from Latin America. In contrast, for all other regions, the share of women among all migrants in OECD destinations is higher than that of migrants in non-OECD countries.

Second, migrants in the 51 non-OECD countries covered in this publication have on average lower educational attainment than those in OECD countries. In 2010/11, about 9 and 11.8 million migrants aged 15 or more in non-OECD destinations were low- and medium-skilled respectively (Figure 1.9). In contrast, the highly educated represented only 20% of migrants in non-OECD countries versus 30% in OECD destinations. This difference is particularly pronounced for migrants from Asia and Oceania: 68% of those who have migrated to the non-OECD destinations covered in this publication have a low education level and only 10% of them have tertiary education. In contrast, as already discussed in the previous sections of this chapter, close to half of Asian migrants in the OECD have higher education. A similar situation is observed for migrants from Africa. Nearly two-thirds of migrants from Sub-Saharan migrants in non-OECD destinations have low education (versus 47% of those in OECD destinations) and 5% have higher education (versus 37% in OECD destinations). In contrast, the share of low-skilled migrants from OECD countries who have migrated to the 51 non-OECD destinations is close to that of their compatriots in OECD countries (32% versus 37%). It is notable that three in four migrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian living in non-OECD destinations have medium or high levels of education.

Figure 1.9. Migrant stocks in selected non-OECD countries, by region of origin and level of education, 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. The data refer to 51 non-OECD destinations as described in the Annex A.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269165

Table 1.6 reports the countries with the largest diasporas in the 51 non-OECD countries with data available in DIOC-E (2010/11). Top countries are Ukraine (3.3 million), Kazakhstan (2.5 million), the Russian Federation (1.6 million), Uzbekistan (1.5 million) and Myanmar (1.4 million). Together with Indonesia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Zimbabwe, these countries form the top ten countries of origin, which account for half of all migrants in the 51 non-OECD destinations.

Table 1.6. Main countries of origin of migration to selected non-OECD countries, 2010/11
| All migrants in selected non-OECD destinations | Share of women | Low-educated | Rank (low- educated) | Highly educated | Rank (highly educated)
Ukraine | 3 280 000 | 54% | 462 000 |  3 | 936 800 |   1
Kazakhstan | 2 501 000 | 54% | 334 400 |  5 | 604 100 |   2
Russian Federation | 1 580 100 | 61% | 296 000 |  8 | 377 600 |   3
Uzbekistan | 1 465 000 | 49% | 219 100 | 14 | 314 900 |   4
Myanmar | 1 420 000 | 46% | 551 200 |  2 |  10 700 |  55
Indonesia |   961 700 | 54% | 762 500 |  1 |  14 000 |  45
Belarus |   837 800 | 58% | 161 900 | 17 | 220 000 |   5
Azerbaijan |   828 200 | 46% | 109 700 | 20 | 187 000 |   6
Bosnia and Herzegovina |   744 500 | 54% | 253 600 | 12 | 121 600 |  11
Zimbabwe |   716 600 | 44% | 223 000 | 13 |  45 700 |  21
Georgia |   611 000 | 48% |  84 700 | 31 | 163 400 |   7
Kyrgyzstan |   606 400 | 52% |  84 000 | 32 | 138 200 |   9
Paraguay |   525 000 | 56% | 431 800 |  4 |   7 800 |  65
Armenia |   494 000 | 44% |  72 500 | 34 | 105 800 |  12
China |   483 800 | 49% | 194 200 | 16 | 101 800 |  13
Tajikistan |   436 200 | 41% |  64 100 | 40 |  94 300 |  14
Philippines |   425 700 | 65% | 255 700 | 10 |  42 500 |  22
Mozambique |   410 100 | 32% | 312 700 |  7 |   2 300 | 118
Côte d’Ivoire |   375 600 | 52% | 329 400 |  6 |  11 200 |  54
United States |   368 800 | 47% |  65 700 | 39 | 141 900 |   8
Bolivia |   343 600 | 50% | 271 400 |  9 |  15 100 |  43
Moldova |   322 300 | 49% |  44 100 | 46 |  75 200 |  16
Germany |   299 700 | 47% |  28 700 | 56 | 128 800 |  10
Croatia |   291 200 | 55% |  81 000 | 33 |  53 300 |  19
Haiti |   283 500 | 36% | 255 600 | 11 |   3 600 |  98
Nicaragua |   278 600 | 53% | 213 900 | 15 |  18 400 |  40
Turkmenistan |   277 100 | 51% |  32 800 | 53 |  68 400 |  17
Italy |   227 900 | 49% | 145 600 | 19 |  31 500 |  28
Malawi |   219 000 | 41% | 101 100 | 24 |   2 600 | 110

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. The data refer to 51 non-OECD destinations as described in the Annex A. Educational attainment is unknown for about 5% of all migrants in the 51 non-OECD destinations and this share varies across countries of origin. As a result, the number of medium-educated persons in the above table cannot be derived by subtracting the number of high- and low-educated persons from the total number of migrants.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271130

With the exception of Myanmar, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Zimbabwe which have more migrant men than women, the share of female migrants is higher than that of men among the big diasporas in non-OECD destinations. In total, there are 9.8 million migrant women or 60% of all migrants in these non-OECD countries. The share of women among migrants is also quite high for those from Ukraine and Bosnia and Herzegovina (54%) and Belarus (58%).

The top three countries of origin, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, are also the ones with the largest highly educated emigrant communities in the non-OECD countries covered in this publication. Close to two million highly educated persons born in these countries reside in non-OECD destinations, accounting for 37% of all highly educated migrants in the 51 non-OECD countries with available data. Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, China and Tajikistan also have sizeable communities of highly educated migrants, even though they rank lower in terms of their migrant population size in non-OECD countries. In contrast, other countries with important diasporas such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Paraguay, Mozambique and Côte d’Ivoire have extremely low shares of highly educated persons. Indonesia and Myanmar are actually the countries with the largest low-educated emigrant populations in the 51 non-OECD countries, together accounting for 1.3 million low-skilled migrants, or 11% of all low-educated migrants in the non-OECD destinations.

4. How are migrants faring in the labour market?

The labour market outcomes of migrants are key indicators of their economic and social integration in destination but also their possible contributions to their home countries in case of return, through the transfer of skills and experiences acquired abroad. Because of data limitations in terms of migrants’ labour market outcomes in non-OECD destinations, this section focuses on how migrants fare in the labour markets in OECD countries and how the global economic crisis has affected them.

Two in three migrants in the OECD area were employed in 2010/11, a proportion which was 1 percentage point higher than that among native-born persons. Furthermore, migrants have experienced strong improvements in their labour market outcomes in the course of the past decade. They saw their employment rates increase by 4 percentage points between 2000/01 and 2010/11 versus 3 percentage points for the native-born in the OECD.

Striking differences exist, nonetheless, between migrants of different origins. Migrants from the MENA region record the lowest employment rates of all other migrant groups, 51% in 2010/11, compared with 53% in 2000/01 and 54% in 2005/06. Likewise, they face unemployment rates of up to 21% in 2010/11 (from 16% in 2000/01), twice as high as for migrants from Asia and those from the OECD area. In contrast, migrants from Asia and Oceania had favourable labour market outcomes and the lowest unemployment rates, 8%, in 20010/11.

The share of employed migrants by regions mirrors that of total migration. 40% of all employed migrants are from the OECD and 19% from Asia and Oceania. Out of the 7.5 million unemployed migrants residing in the OECD in 2010/11, 30% come from another OECD country, and 20% come from Latin America.

Migrants’ labour market outcomes have greatly improved

Migrants have seen important improvements in their labour market outcomes throughout the first decade of the 21st century, in particular in the first half of the decade. Overall, the employment rate of migrants aged 15-64 increased by 5 percentage points between 2000/01 and 2005/06 reaching 66% (Figure 1.10). The highest employment gains were experienced by migrants from Latin America who saw their employment rate increase by 9 percentage points during this period, followed by those from OECD countries, as well as from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia (+6 percentage points). The growth has been lower but still important for migrants from other regions of the world. Despite that, migrants in 2010/11 still face on average higher unemployment rates than the native-born, 12% for migrants versus 9% for native-born individuals.

Figure 1.10. Employment and unemployment rates of migrants by region of origin, 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11

Note: These results are based on 26 OECD destinations for which data were available in the three years (Chile, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia are excluded). The population refers to persons aged 15 to 64.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269173

Improvements were interrupted by the economic crisis

The favourable labour market trend for migrants was slowed down, stopped or even reversed with the economic crisis for migrants from most regions and countries of origin. In the second half of the decade, migrants aged 15 to 64 experienced a 2.3 percentage point increase in their unemployment rate, versus 1.7 percentage point for natives. The total number of unemployed migrants went up by more than 2 million in the second half of the 2000s.

Migrants from Latin America were the worst hit by the economic crisis, because they were working in countries and sectors which were greatly affected by the deteriorating labour market conditions. As a result, they saw their employment rate drop by 4 percentage points between 2005/06 and 2010/11 and their unemployment rate increase by 5.6 percentage points reaching 14% in 2010/11. Migrants from the MENA region were also heavily affected, for similar reasons as for Latin American migrants, with increases of 4 percentage points in their unemployment rate in the second half of the decade and a loss of 3 percentage points in terms of employment.

In contrast to the situation for migrants from other world regions, the labour market outcomes of migrants from OECD countries were not affected by the crisis. This is possibly the result of various factors, including their distribution across sectors of work and destination countries, as well as the fact that some intra-EU migrants returned to their countries of origin or moved elsewhere when they were left without a job as a result of the crisis.

Low-educated migrants from some regions have been particularly badly hit

For the majority of regions of origin, highly skilled migrants fare better in the labour market than low-skilled migrants (Figure 1.11). The unemployment rate of low-educated migrants is twice that of highly skilled migrants (6% in 2010/11), and this holds true even for migrants who fare quite well in the labour market, such as those from OECD countries and Asia and Oceania. However, both low- and highly educated migrants from Asia and Oceania and from OECD countries have seen only a marginal deterioration of their situation during the crisis and face unemployment rates which are lower than those of the native-born persons.

Figure 1.11. Employment and unemployment rates of migrants by region of origin and level of education, 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11

Note: These results are based on 26 OECD destinations for which data were available in the three years (Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, the Czech Republic and Slovenia are excluded). The population refers to persons aged 15 to 64.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269185

Highly educated migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa had an employment rate of 77% in 2010/11, versus 48% for the low-educated migrants from the same region. Likewise, there was a 29 percentage points difference between the two groups of migrants from the MENA region. Differences between high- and low-educated persons were smaller but still sizeable for migrants from the OECD (20 percentage points) and Latin America (21 percentage points).

Migrant groups which were already doing worse than others prior to the crisis, were also harder hit by the economic downturn. Low-skilled migrants from the MENA region reached record high unemployment of 32% in 2010/11, from 23% in 2000/01 and 12% for their highly educated compatriots (an increase of 3 percentage points for the highly skilled ones). A similar picture can be seen for migrants from Latin America: those with tertiary education experienced an increase of 3 percentage points in their unemployment rate between 2005/06 and 2010/11 versus a 9 percentage point increase for the low-skilled migrants from the same region.

Migrant women have seen some improvements in their labour market outcomes but they still lag behind men

Overall, migrant men have more favourable employment and participation outcomes than women irrespectively of their region of origin (Figure 1.12). The gender employment gap is greatest for migrants from the MENA region for which only 40% of its emigrant women work (versus 62% for men) and the OECD, whose emigrant women have higher employment rates (57%) than those from the MENA region but still lag behind migrant men from the OECD by 20 percentage points. Men and women have more similar unemployment rates, except those from the MENA region, where women face a 25% risk of being unemployed.

Figure 1.12. Employment and unemployment rates of migrants by region of origin and gender, 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11

Note: These results are based on 26 OECD destinations for which data were available in the three years (Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, the Czech Republic and Slovenia are excluded). The population refers to persons aged 15 to 64.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269195

Migrants’ skills are not fully utilised

In 2010/11, there were more than 7.8 million migrants with tertiary education who were working in low- and medium-skilled jobs (Figure 1.13). The overqualification rate among highly educated migrants is 36% versus 28% for the native-born population. More worryingly, the phenomenon of overqualification has further grown for migrants over the past decade. The share of overqualified workers decreased by 2 percentage points between 2000/01 and 2010/11 for native-born persons whereas it increased by 3 percentage points for migrants.

Close to half of all highly educated migrants from Latin America (45%) work in low- or medium-skilled occupations. Not only this is the highest incidence of overqualification but, in addition, it has grown by 3 percentage points since 2000/01. Migrants from Africa and the Middle East face a lower risk of overqualification (33%) but it increased by 5 and 6 percentage points respectively in the past decade. Asian migrants who constitute the bigger group of tertiary-educated migrants in the OECD face a 36% risk of overqualification and they experienced the smallest increase (+2 percentage points) in the past decade.

Figure 1.13. Overqualification rates of migrants, by region of origin, 2000/01-2010/11

Note: Overqualification is defined as the share of tertiary-educated migrants who work in low- and medium-skilled occupations. Data on overqualification cover 32 OECD destinations (data on Turkey and Korea are not available). The population refers to persons aged 15 to 64.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269209

Some of the differences in overqualification rates by region of origin can be explained by the distribution of migrants across destination countries which face very different risks of overqualification and have also different trends over time. Both migrants and native-born face high overqualification rates in the United States⁵ (37% and 35% respectively), while the overqualification rate of migrants is just 9% in Luxembourg and less than 19% in Poland, Hungary, Slovenia, Switzerland and the Slovak Republic. On the other hand, the percentage of overqualified persons is particularly high among the migrants living in Japan, Italy, Spain, Greece and Israel (45% or more). It is worth mentioning that the percentage of overqualified migrants in Italy has grown from close to the OECD average in 2000/01 (17%), to the second highest, after Japan, in 2010/11, at 55%.

5. The intention to emigrate

This section focuses on the expected trends in migration as reflected in the desire to emigrate, based on the information collected by Gallup in a survey which was administered in more than 160 countries from 2007 to 2013. The survey covers all adults (aged 15 and over) and includes information on their socio-demographic characteristics and labour market outcomes. It also includes a series of questions related to the intention to emigrate, notably a) the desire of persons to emigrate permanently, b) their desire to emigrate permanently in the next 12 months, and c) whether they have started making preparations to emigrate (more information about the survey and the migration-related questions can be found in the Annex A).

One in seven persons, or more than 406 million persons, in the countries covered by the Gallup survey would like to move permanently abroad if they had the opportunity. Of them, only 9% would like to emigrate in the next 12 months, and a bit more than a third (37%) of those wishing to emigrate within the year have started making preparations such as applying for a visa or buying transport tickets. These intentions differ greatly across regions (Figure 1.14). The regions in which more people would like to emigrate are Sub-Saharan Africa (32% of the population) and the Middle East and North Africa (22% of the population); while just an 8% of the 15+ population in Asia and Oceania would like to emigrate.

Figure 1.14. Desire to emigrate permanently, plans and preparations to move, by region, 2007-13

Note: The Gallup survey is conducted among residents in more than 150 countries representing more than 98% of the world’s adult population. The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Gallup World Poll Survey 2007-13.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269210

Differences by regions do not limit to the intention to emigrate. Despite the high willingness to move abroad among persons in Sub-Saharan Africa, the percentage of those who have started making preparations is the lowest of all regions, just 30% of those willing to migrate in the next 12 months. This may reflect the fact that nationals of Sub-Saharan countries face more hurdles to migrate, such as financial restrictions derived from the income gap with their most desired destination, the OECD. On the contrary, in Asia and Oceania, where the desire to emigrate is much lower than in Sub-Saharan Africa, the percentage of people who have started making preparations among those willing to emigrate in the next 12 months is the second highest, 44%, just after persons in non-OECD European countries and Central Asia (45%).

The profile of potential migrants

The intention to emigrate greatly varies with gender and age. Men and persons below age 44 are more likely to express an intention to emigrate than other groups (Table 1.7). Persons between 15 and 24 years old express a greater desire to emigrate, 22% of them would like to do so in comparison with 14% for those aged 25-44. However, among those who are planning to move in the next 12 months, young persons (aged 15-24) are less likely to be making preparations (32%) than those aged 25-44 (41%). The higher intention to emigrate among youth is matched with a higher intention among single persons (24%) versus those married (10%) and divorced (16%). A young age and the absence of family engagement facilitate the potential mobility of this population.

Table 1.7. Persons who wish, plan and make preparations to emigrate among different population groups, 2007-13
| Desire to migrate | Of which: Plan to move in the next 12 months | Of which: Making preparations
Gender |  |  |
% among men | 15 | 10 | 37
% among women | 12 |  8 | 35
Marital status |  |  |
% among married | 10 |  8 | 41
% among divorced | 16 |  9 | 41
% among single | 24 | 10 | 34
Age |  |  |
% among 15-24 | 22 | 10 | 32
% among 25-44 | 14 | 10 | 41
% among 45-64 |  9 |  6 | 36
% among 65+ |  5 |  7 | 42
Education |  |  |
% among low-educated |  9 |  9 | 30
% among medium-educated | 18 |  9 | 36
% among highly educated | 19 | 10 | 54
Employment status |  |  |
% among employed at capacity | 13 |  8 | 40
% among underemployed/unemployed | 21 | 13 | 33
% among not in workforce | 12 |  8 | 35
Employment |  |  |
% among professionals | 19 |  9 | 49
% among others | 14 |  9 | 38
Networks |  |  |
% among those who have someone to count on in another country | 27 | 15 | 43
% among those who have no one to count on in another country | 11 |  6 | 25
Remittances |  |  |
% among those who receive remittances | 27 |  8 | 36
% among those who receive no remittances | 24 |  5 | 37
Income |  |  |
% among the poorest 20% | 12 |  8 | 29
% among the second 20% | 13 |  9 | 33
% among the middle 20% | 13 |  8 | 31
% among the fourth 20% | 15 |  9 | 42
% among the richest 20% | 17 | 11 | 45
Rural vs. Urban |  |  |
% among rural residents | 10 |  9 | 33
% among urban residents | 15 |  9 | 37

Note: The population of reference is adult population aged 15 and above. Gallup classifies respondents as “employed at capacity” if they are employed full-time or are employed part-time but do not want to work full-time. Respondents are “underemployed” if they are employed part-time but want to work full-time.

Source: Gallup World Poll Survey 2007-13.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271142

Half of young persons (15-24) in West Africa state their desire to emigrate, as do also 43% of youth in European non-OECD countries (Table 1.8). The desire to emigrate among youth is also high in North Africa (35%), other African countries excluding South Africa (39%) and Latin America (33%). In contrast, only one in ten young persons in India expresses his intention to emigrate.

Table 1.8. Desire to migrate permanently, plan and preparations to move by region of origin and socio-demographic characteristics, 2007-13
| Desire to migrate | Of which: plan to move in the next 12 months | Of which: making preparations
| Women | Highly educated | Youth (15-24) | Three main preferred destinations | Total | Total | Total
OECD | 15% | 18% | 27% | United States | 14% | 16% |  6% | 39%
|  |  | Canada |  8% |  |  |
|  |  | Australia |  8% |  |  |
Russian Federation | 13% | 18% | 27% | Germany | 19% | 14% |  2% | 31%
|  |  | United States | 12% |  |  |
|  |  | United Kingdom |  5% |  |  |
Other CIS countries | 16% | 22% | 24% | Russian Federation | 25% | 17% |  5% | 47%
|  |  | United States | 13% |  |  |
|  |  | Germany | 12% |  |  |
Non-OECD Europe and Central Asia | 24% | 27% | 43% | Germany | 17% | 24% |  8% | 47%
|  |  | United Kingdom | 13% |  |  |
|  |  | United States | 11% |  |  |
Middle East | 17% | 25% | 26% | United States | 11% | 20% | 20% | 30%
|  |  | Saudi Arabia | 10% |  |  |
|  |  | Canada | 10% |  |  |
North Africa | 18% | 29% | 35% | France | 19% | 24% | 18% | 42%
|  |  | Saudi Arabia | 17% |  |  |
|  |  | Italy |  9% |  |  |
West Africa | 36% | 39% | 50% | United States | 36% | 39% | 14% | 30%
|  |  | United Kingdom | 30% |  |  |
|  |  | Saudi Arabia |  8% |  |  |
South Africa | 14% | 18% | 23% | United States | 40% | 14% |  6% | 16%
|  |  | United Kingdom | 30% |  |  |
|  |  | Australia |  5% |  |  |
Other African countries | 28% | 33% | 39% | United States | 27% | 29% | 13% | 31%
|  |  | South Africa | 11% |  |  |
|  |  | United Kingdom |  9% |  |  |
India |  3% | 14% |  9% | United States | 31% |  6% |  7% | 49%
|  |  | United Arab Emirates |  8% |  |  |
|  |  | United Kingdom |  6% |  |  |
China |  6% | 17% | 12% | United States | 31% |  6% |  2% | 21%
|  |  | Canada |  7% |  |  |
|  |  | France |  7% |  |  |
Other Asian countries | 11% | 20% | 20% | United States | 28% | 13% |  9% | 45%
|  |  | Saudi Arabia | 15% |  |  |
|  |  | United Kingdom |  8% |  |  |
South and Central America and the Caribbean | 19% | 26% | 33% | United States | 32% | 21% | 10% | 34%
|  |  | Spain | 18% |  |  |
|  |  | Italy |  5% |  |  |
Note: The population of reference is adult population aged 15 and above.
Source: Gallup World Poll Survey 2007-13.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271151

Overall, women are less likely than men to express a desire to emigrate with gender differences being particularly important in North Africa (18% for women versus 24% for the total population) and the Middle East (17% for women, 20% for the total population). Such gender differences are also reflected into the share of women among all migrants from the MENA region as shown in the previous sections of this chapter.

Potential mobility strongly depends on one’s education level. The share of persons with high levels of education who would like to emigrate (19%) is 10 percentage points higher than that of persons with low levels of education. In addition, highly educated persons are also more likely to be actively preparing their move. More than half of persons with higher education stating their intention to move in the next 12 months, have already started making preparations for their move, versus just 30% among the low-educated ones. Although the percentage of people in Asia who intend to migrate is smaller than in all other world regions, the differences by education level are the largest in this region. 17% of highly educated persons in China state their intention to emigrate, whereas the desire of the population as a whole is 11 percentage points lower. Highly educated persons are also much more likely than other groups to express their desire to emigrate in India (14% versus 6% for whole population).

Labour market outcomes and job opportunities in the home country are important factors determining the desire to emigrate. Persons who are “employed at capacity”, that is those who are either working full-time or are employed part-time but they do not wish to work full-time, are less likely to express their wish to emigrate than those who are either under-employed or unemployed (13% versus 21%). Among the employed, persons in professional occupations are more likely to report their intention to emigrate (19%) than those in other occupations (14%), and they are also more likely to have started making preparations.

Furthermore, the intention to migrate (both in the indefinite future and in the next 12 months) is positively correlated with the income of individuals. 12% of persons in the lowest income quintile state their desire to emigrate, versus 17% for those in the highest quintile. Moreover, wealthier individuals are also more likely to have already started preparing their move (45% for the top quintile, versus 29% for the bottom one). This positive correlation between income and intentions to emigrate is indicative of economic barriers to migrate for the poorest groups of the population.

It is well established in the migration-related empirical literature that migrant networks play an important role in people’s decision to emigrate as well as the choice of their destination. This is because networks abroad improve the exchange of information about job opportunities, quality of life but also the migration process itself. Evidence from the Gallup survey shows that persons with contacts abroad are more likely to express their desire to emigrate than those without contacts. 27% of those who have someone to count on in another country express their intention to emigrate, versus an 11% for those without anyone to count on. Furthermore, 15% of those with contacts abroad plan to make their move in the following 12 months, compared with 6% for those with no friends or families to count on. Moreover, 43% of those with contacts abroad, who plan to migrate in the following year, are actively preparing their move, compared with a quarter for those with no contacts.

Most desired destinations

OECD countries are the most attractive destinations for potential migrants. Looking at the top three preferred destinations by region of origin, the United States holds again a prominent position, being in the top three for all regions of origin but North Africa. About a third of persons in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa stated this country as their preferred country of destination, and a quarter did the same in Asia and Oceania. Other popular destinations are Canada, Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom and France.

As expected, colonial and cultural ties are very influential in the choice of destinations. Spain is especially considered by those in Latin America, with an 18% of persons in Latin America selecting this country as preferred destination. Likewise, France plays a similar role for nationals of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa.

Lastly, it is worth mentioning the attractiveness of Saudi Arabia as a potential destination. Indeed, Saudi Arabia is one of the top three stated destinations for persons in the Middle East (9% of those who would like to emigrate would go to Saudi Arabia), West African countries (6%), North African countries (16%) and for some Asian countries, such as Pakistan (42%), Bangladesh (25%) and Indonesia (10%). The profile of individuals who choose Saudi Arabia as preferred destination is slightly different from that of persons targeting OECD countries. In particular, these individuals are mostly male, less educated and older on average.

6. Conclusion

In 2010/11, there were about 144 million migrants in advanced economies and 51 non-OECD destinations with available data. Migration, especially from certain regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Oceania and non-OECD European countries and Central Asia is on the rise. Although migrant flows to the OECD dropped during the economic crisis, they were in 2012 51% higher than in 2000. Flows from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia have doubled during this period, but the bulk of migrant flows are taking place within the OECD area.

Both countries of origin and the profile of migrants are rapidly changing. The growing importance of the Asian diasporas is spectacular. China and India, with about 3.9 million migrants each, have surpassed the diasporas of traditional OECD emigration countries. Their contribution is even greater among highly educated migrants. The number of highly educated migrants from Asia and Oceania almost doubled between 2000/01 and 2010/11 to reach 8.3 million, or more than a quarter of all highly educated migrants in the OECD. However, the rising educational attainment of the world population has mitigated somewhat the sharp rise in the number of highly skilled migrants. As a result, emigration rates for some countries especially in Africa and the MENA region have declined in the past decade.

Persistent economic disparities and differences in demographic structures between countries, as well as economic, environmental and geopolitical shocks suggest that migration pressure is likely to persist and even intensify in the coming years. Evidence on the intention to emigrate suggests that there may be more than 406 million potential migrants in 160 countries around the world. These persons are mainly young, highly educated and have connections with family members and friends abroad. If even a small share of these intentions materialise, they will result in large diasporas spread out in the map.

This publication provides a detailed profile of diasporas in advanced (OECD) economies and selected non-OECD countries with available information. It explores all available data to identify time trends and describe the characteristics of migrants by region and country of origin. This information, together with evidence on migrants’ labour market outcomes in their destinations are necessary pre-conditions for countries of origin wishing to measure, locate and characterise their diasporas with the objective to strengthen their ties with them and better mobilise migrants’ skills for development. Continuing and strengthening the efforts to map the diasporas is a first element in countries’ of origin attempt to better connect with their emigrants.

References

Arslan, C., J.-C. Dumont, Z. Kone, Y. Moullan, C. Ozden, C. Parsons, T. Xenogiani (2014), “A New Profile of Migrants in the Aftermath of the Recent Economic Crisis”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 160, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jxt2t3nnjr5-en.

Clemens, M.A., D. McKenzie (2014), “Why Don’t Remittances Appear to Affect Growth?”, Policy Research Working Paper 6856, The World Bank, Washington, DC.

Database references

Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/fr/migrations/dioc.htm.

Database on Immigrants in OECD and Non-OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/fr/migrations/dioc.htm.

OECD Education Database, www.oecd.org/education/database.htm.

Notes

 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

 2. Comparisons over time should be made with caution as the shares of persons with unknown information on the main variables (country/region of birth, education, age, etc.) vary across time and countries of destination.

 3. China in this publication does not include Hong Kong, China and Macau, China.

 4. The data collection on non-OECD destinations is on-going and will be completed at the end of 2015. Delays in the data collection are driven by delays in the roll-out of census data collection in some of the main non-OECD destinations.

 5. It should also be kept in mind that the overqualification rate is based on classifications of occupations which vary greatly between some European countries, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Japan and notably the United States. As a result, the rates which aggregate data for the different OECD destinations should be interpreted with caution.

Asia and Oceania

Chapter 2.

Asia and Oceania: Diaspora profile¹

This chapter looks at recent migration flows and diasporas from countries in Asia and Oceania to the OECD area and selected non-OECD destinations. It shows that in 2012 about 1.6 million new migrants from the region settled in OECD countries, accounting for about 30% of all immigration flows. In 2010/11, there were 18.5 million emigrants from the region in OECD countries and an additional 4.5 million resided in 51 non-OECD destinations. The number of highly educated migrants from the region living in the OECD area reached 8.3 million in 2010/11, representing an increase of 90% since 2000/01. However, the emigration rate of the highly educated stood at 3% in 2010/11, the lowest of all regions. Migrants from the region have fairly good labour market outcomes and the lowest unemployment rate of all migrants in the OECD.

This chapter also contains one regional note and 19 country notes for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (not including Hong Kong, China and Macau, China), Fiji, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tonga and Viet Nam.

Key findings

Countries in Asia and Oceania have become important players in the field of international migration. Migrant flows from these countries to the OECD increased markedly over the period 2000 to 2010. In 2012, Asian migrants represented more than a quarter of all migration flows (1.6 million) to the OECD. China, with 506 000 flows in 2012, is the top country of origin, accounting for 10% of all migrant flows to the OECD.

In 2010/11 there were 18.5 million migrants aged 15 and above from Asia and Oceania living in the OECD area, accounting for 18% of all foreign-born persons. Their number grew by 65% between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

8.3 million highly educated migrants from Asia and Oceania were living in OECD countries in 2010/11. Their number grew by 90% in the past decade, representing more than a quarter of all highly educated migrants in the OECD. China, India and the Philippines together account for almost half of all Asian highly educated migrants.

In 2010/11, there were about 4.5 million migrants from Asia and Oceania living in a number of countries within the region. Thailand was the principal destination while the main countries of origin to destinations within Asia and Oceania were Myanmar, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Migrants from Asia and Oceania enjoy fairly good labour market outcomes. Their unemployed rate was the lowest among migrants from all regions of the world living in OECD countries. However, great differences exist across migrant groups and countries of origin. The female employment rate was 16 percentage points lower than that of men in 2010/11, with gender differences being most marked for some countries of origin, such as Bangladesh and Pakistan.

More than one million international students from Asia and Oceania study in OECD countries, accounting for 40% of all international students. Asia and Oceania is the top region of origin of international students, ahead of those originating from OECD countries, while China has dominated these flows throughout the 21st century.

1. Regional context

The region of Asia and Oceania accounts for over half of the world’s population in 2015 and is home to some of the wealthiest, as well as many of the poorest, people on the planet. It is a region characterised by great diversity, including wealthy economies such as Chinese Taipei, Singapore and parts of coastal and urban China. However, the region also includes poor countries such as the Lao PDR and Cambodia and poor parts in the interior of India and China. Nevertheless, it is a region of impressive economic growth, with an overall rate at 4.7% per annum in 2013, even though this is down from 5.1% per annum in 2000. This economic development has resulted in a virtual halving in the proportion of the population living on USD 2.00 a day between 2000 and 2013. In terms of overall recent demographic change, annual population growth has slowed from 1.45% to 1.2% per annum.

The impressive economic growth has been accompanied by increasing migration, both outside and within the region, including what has been termed the largest peacetime migration in history, the internal population movements within China. However, in terms of international migration, the wealthiest OECD countries within the geographical region of Asia and the Pacific, and particularly Australia and New Zealand, have emerged among the main poles of attraction. In terms of international migration from the region to destinations outside Asia and Oceania, and at the highest level of generalisation, we can say that the Central Asian Republics are oriented mainly to the Russian Federation while the Southern Asian countries are more oriented to the oil-rich countries of the Middle East and to Southeast Asia.

The recent migrations in and from Asia and Oceania build upon long-standing migrations from the southern expansion of Chinese peoples to more recent colonial interventions that ultimately laid the basis for global diasporas of the Indian and Chinese peoples. Nevertheless, important though these historical migrations and colonial ties have been in establishing networks for further migration, it has been the economic and political processes of globalisation that have increasingly come to induce migration in recent years.

2. Migrant flows and stocks

In 2010/11 there were 18.5 million migrants aged 15 and above from Asia and Oceania living in the OECD area (Table 2.1), accounting for 18% of all foreign-born persons in the OECD. Their number grew by 65% between 2000/01 and 2010/11. This growth was to a large extent driven by highly educated migrants from the region whose numbers increased by 90% in the past decade. An additional 4.5 million persons born in the region were living in 51 non-OECD countries with available data in 2010/11. More than two-thirds of migrants to these destinations had a low level of education.

Table 2.1. Numbers and characteristics of emigrants, 2000/01 and 2010/11
| OECD destinations | Non-OECD destinations
| 2000/01 | 2010/11 | 2010/11
Population aged 15 and above | Number (thousands) | Share | Number (thousands) | Share | Number (thousands) | Share
Men | 5 583 | 48% |  8 706 | 47% | 2 264 | 51%
Women | 6 109 | 52% |  9 766 | 53% | 2 189 | 49%
15-24 | 1 603 | 14% |  2 323 | 13% | 1 023 | 23%
25-64 | 8 972 | 77% | 14 211 | 77% | 3 243 | 73%
65+ | 1 117 | 10% |  1 938 | 10% |   187 |  4%
Low level of education | 3 496 | 31% |  4 441 | 25% | 2 300 | 68%
Medium level of education | 3 413 | 30% |  5 283 | 29% |   759 | 22%
High level of education | 4 388 | 39% |  8 298 | 46% |   332 | 10%
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women
Low level of education |  28.3% |  33.3% |  23.0% |  26.1% |  69.1% |  66.6%
Medium level of education |  30.6% |  29.9% |  29.6% |  29.0% |  20.0% |  24.8%
High level of education |  41.1% |  36.8% |  47.4% |  44.8% |  10.9% |   8.7%
| 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0%
Emigration rate |   0.5% |   0.5% |   0.6% |   0.7% |   0.2% |   0.2%
Emigration rate of the highly educated |   3.0% |   4.5% |   3.1% |   4.4% |   0.2% |   0.2%
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271164

Migrant flow data are revealing of recent trends (Figure 2.1). Migration from Asia and Oceania to the OECD increased markedly over the period 2000 to 2010 but with some fluctuations that can be associated with political and economic events. Nevertheless, the annual flow of migrants from the region almost doubled from 861 800 migrants in 2000 to 1 576 000 in 2011. Thus, the rapid economic expansion within the region was accompanied by increasing outmigration. In 2012, however, a marked decline to 1 428 300 migrants was observed: a much sharper decline than appeared to occur for the other regions. Whether this decline is simply a temporary blip, possibly caused by the sharp increases in the “catch up” years, 2010 and 2011, after the low of 2009 following the financial crisis, or something long-term, remains to be seen.

Figure 2.1. Migration flows to the OECD by country of origin from 2000 to 2012

Thousands

Source: OECD International Migration Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269222

3. The countries concerned

Countries in Asia and Oceania are noted more as origins than as destinations of international migration. However, immigration is also found in the parts of the region and has been brought about by three main factors. First, the rapid economic development outlined at the outside of this chapter that has generated demand for highly skilled migrants. Second, the sharply declining rates of growth in population overall and specifically among those in the labour force and third the rising education and expectation levels among domestic populations that leave vacancies for lower-level occupations which are often met by immigration.

The data discussed in this chapter assess the most detailed data available that are collected in a uniform manner. The Asia and Oceania countries are examined in this chapter largely as origin countries, although the OECD database also allows the identification of some of the major non-OECD destination countries within and outside the region (see the Annex A for details on the destination countries covered in this publication).

Countries of origin

As might be expected, the demographic giants of the region, China and India, also generate the largest number of emigrants, with a combined stock of over 7.2 million in OECD countries in 2010/11, up from 4 million in 2000/01 (Figure 2.2). However, the much smaller Philippines and Viet Nam also make major contributions, with an emigrant stock of 5 million in OECD countries in 2010/11, up from 3.5 million in 2000/01. The emigration rates from China and India were very low, showing that per capita emigration is low relative to the base population of those vast countries. The large Asian countries with the highest emigration rates in 2010/11 were the Philippines and Sri Lanka at 4.75% and 3.6% respectively. Where emigration made the greatest impact was unsurprisingly in small island economies such as Tonga, Samoa and the Federated States of Micronesia, as well as the larger Fiji, with emigration rates above 20%. Australia, New Zealand and the United States were the principal destinations of migration from these island economies.

Figure 2.2. Emigrant population living in OECD countries and emigration rates, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269233

The OECD data (DIOC-E, 2010/11) also provide information on some of the principal non-OECD destinations within and outside the Asia and Oceania region. The principal non-OECD countries of origin within the region to intra-region destinations were Myanmar (1.6 million persons, of which 1.4 million persons aged 15 and above), Indonesia (1.3 million persons, 960 000 persons 15 and above) and the Philippines (560 000 persons of all ages, 410 000 persons aged 15 and above). Unfortunately, the OECD data do not yet provide information on the huge movements from the Asia and Oceania region into the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Independent United Nations estimates suggest that there were some 13 million migrants from Bangladesh, India and Pakistan in those countries in 2013. The vast majority were migrant workers without the right to settle and they form a temporary diaspora in the MENA region of migrants from South Asia, and to a lesser extent, Southeast Asia.

The available OECD data show two other dimensions of migration from Asia and Oceania to non-OECD countries outside the region. First, is the movement across the regional boundary, from China to the Russian Federation (54 000 persons aged 15 and above in 2010/11) and from China to Kazakhstan (102 000 persons aged 15 and above), for example. Second, are movements within what might be termed “traditional diasporas” or within networks defined by historical migrations. These movements refer mainly to movements within the global diasporas of Chinese and Indian people, such as the migration from China to Panama (13 900 persons aged 15 and above) and South Africa (14 000) and the movements from India to South Africa and Kenya (29 000 and 25 000 persons aged 15 and above respectively). The movements from Bangladesh and Pakistan to South Africa would also fall into this category.

China, with more than half a million of migrant flows in 2012 represents about 35% of all annual migrant flows from Asia and Oceania to the OECD area, followed by India with 16% of total flows (226 000). These two countries, together with the Philippines account for about two-thirds of all migrant flows from the region to the OECD. Flows have followed a positive trend in the period 2000-12 for most countries in the region, but the increase in annual flows from China and India have dominated the change.

The emigration to the OECD recovered very quickly after both the quite different shocks of 9/11 and the economic crisis. Some countries such as the Philippines or Sri Lanka appear to have been little affected or to have fluctuated at different times. Again, migration from Bangladesh and Pakistan increased markedly in mid-decade and appear not to have been affected by the events of 2008. Hence, a much more detailed analysis of country-specific factors is required as well in the context of the state of the economies in destination areas, before a more robust accounting of the flows can be carried out.

Countries of destination

The destination countries in the OECD for migrants from Asia and Oceania show the relative importance of trans-Pacific migrations. In terms of absolute numbers, the United States, with a stock of 8.24 million immigrants from Asia and Oceania in 2010/11, up from 5.9 million in 2000/01 is by far the most important destination country (Table 2.2). These migrants, however, accounted for just 3.4% of that country’s population. The proportion of the migrant population of the United States that originates in Asia and Oceania remained fairly stable at around 20% over the period 2000/01 to 2010/11. Asia and Oceania migrants have made the greatest relative impact in Australia, New Zealand and Canada where around one in ten of the population finds its origins in that region. In Australia, Canada and New Zealand, the share of migrants from Asia and Oceania in the total migrant population increased between 2000/01 and 2010/11 from 24%, 30%, and 37%, to 33%, 37% and 51% respectively showing a greater concentration on that region as a region of origin.

Table 2.2. Migrants from Asia and Oceania by destination country, 2000/01 and 2010/11
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Number of immigrants (thousands) | Share of the population in the destination country (%) | Share of migrants from Asia and Oceania among total migrants (%) | Number of immigrants (thousands) | Share of the population in the destination country (%) | Share of migrants from Asia and Oceania among total migrants (%)
Destination country | Main OECD destinations
United States | 5 885 | 2.7 | 18.8 | 8 238 |  3.4 | 20.2
Canada | 1 591 | 6.7 | 29.7 | 2 492 |  9.2 | 37.0
United Kingdom | 1 308 | 2.8 | 29.0 | 2 204 |  4.2 | 29.9
Australia |   941 | 6.7 | 24.4 | 1 638 | 10.0 | 32.9
Japan |   394 | 0.4 | 34.5 |   673 |  0.6 | 51.0
Italy |   161 | 0.3 |  7.9 |   536 |  1.0 | 12.0
Germany |   122 | 0.2 |  1.8 |   532 |  0.8 |  5.1
France |   323 | 0.7 |  5.8 |   443 |  0.9 |  6.5
New Zealand |   230 | 8.3 | 36.8 |   394 | 11.8 | 35.0
Netherlands |   195 | 1.6 | 13.7 |   241 |  1.8 | 15.9
| Main non-OECD destinations
Thailand |   164 | 0.4 | 85.6 | 1 960 |  3.7 | 87.5
Malaysia |   965 | 6.7 | 98.5 | 1 374 |  7.0 | 96.9
Kazakhstan |     - |    - |     - |   161 |  1.3 | 10.3
Russian Federation |   136 | 0.1 |  1.3 |   102 |  0.1 |  0.9
South Africa |    34 | 0.1 |  3.5 |    88 |  0.2 |  4.9
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271174

Outside these settlement societies, the only country where Asia and Oceania migrants had made more than a very minor relative and numerical contribution to the population was the United Kingdom. Even some fifty years after the end of British colonial involvement in Asia, migration continued through networks initiated at that time. In 2010/11, migrants from the region contributed some 2.2 million people to the United Kingdom or 4% of its total population, up from 1.3 million in 2000/01, when it accounted for 2.8% of the population. The proportion of the immigrant population that was made up of migrants from Asia and Oceania increased only marginally from 29% to 30% over the period 2000/01 to 2010/11.

In terms of non-OECD destinations with available data in DIOC-E (China and India are no yet covered), Thailand was the principal destination within the region with 2 million immigrants in 2010/11, followed by Malaysia with 1.4 million. Thailand’s central location in Indochina, its rapid economic growth and marked fertility decline leading to low labour-force growth, all contribute to it attracting large numbers of migrants from the surrounding and poorer economies of Myanmar, the Lao PDR and Cambodia. Malaysia, one of the emerging new “tiger” economies, needs labour both in its plantation sector as well as in its burgeoning industrial base. In both countries, improved national levels of education mean that local populations are reluctant to undertake unskilled labour and certain sectors such as the fishing industry, rice milling and plantations are all dominated by migrant labour.

4. The profile of emigrant populations

More women have moved from Asia and Oceania to OECD countries than men. In 2010/11, the sex ratio for the emigrant migrant stock was 89 males for every 100 females (Table 2.3), very similar to the rate for migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean but less female-dominated than migration from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries to the OECD, which had been made up of only 83 males for every 100 female emigrants. Migrants from the Asia and Oceania region have become slightly more female-oriented over time. These overall figures hide important differences between countries. Migrants from South Asian countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan tend to be male-dominated, while migrants from the Southeast and East Asian countries of Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia and China, but also the Pacific island of Fiji, are female-dominated. In 2010/11, the sex ratios varied from 135 males per 100 females among the emigrants from Bangladesh to the OECD to only 39 males per 100 females and 61 males per 100 females among the emigrants from Thailand and the Philippines respectively. In part, these differences reflect cultural and developmental differences across the region, with women’s autonomy much greater in Southeast Asia compared with South Asia. The more restricted mobility of women is reflected in relative education levels across the region and women from the Philippines in particular are renowned for the involvement in nursing and the care sectors. More controversial, is the involvement of women from Southeast Asia in the global sex industry.

Table 2.3. Ratio of male/female migrants from Asia and Oceania in OECD countries by country of origin, 2000/01 and 2010/11
| OECD destinations
2000/01 | 2010/11
Afghanistan | 144 | 131
Bangladesh | 131 | 135
Cambodia |  92 |  85
China |  90 |  83
Fiji |  89 |  88
India | 109 | 113
Indonesia |  91 |  81
Lao PDR | 101 |  95
Malaysia |  85 |  82
Myanmar |  97 | 100
Nepal | 191 | 129
Pakistan | 128 | 130
Papua New Guinea |  83 |  77
Philippines |  63 |  61
Singapore |  84 |  80
Sri Lanka | 115 | 110
Thailand |  50 |  39
Tonga | 102 | 107
Viet Nam |  97 |  91
Total Asia and Oceania |  91 |  89
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271188

The gender profile for the intraregional migration shows some similarities with the movements to the OECD countries. Emigration from the Philippines and Indonesia is female-dominated at 68 and 89 males per 100 females respectively. However, large numbers of males also move from Indonesia to the plantations of both Peninsular and East Malaysia. The migrations out of Myanmar on the other hand are strongly male-dominant at 118 males per 100 females reflecting their incorporation into the fishing and agricultural sectors in Thailand.

Most migrants from the region are young adults. The overwhelming majority of the emigrant stocks fall into the standard working-age group (15-64 years). Considering only the population 15 years of age and over in 2010/11, some 14% fall into the age group 15-24, or the group in which large numbers could be assumed to be in some form of education. Only 10% fall into the group 65 years of age and over. The emigrants from some countries, Indonesia, Myanmar and China, in particular, but also India and the Philippines, seem to be “older”, which reflected the historical importance of international migration from these sources.

In 2010/11, there were about 8.3 million highly educated migrants from the region living in OECD countries. Their number grew by 90% between 2000/01 and 2010/11. Only Sub-Saharan Africa saw a higher growth in the numbers of its tertiary-educated emigrants. Tertiary-educated migrants from Asia and Oceania represented more than a quarter of all highly educated migrants in the OECD. China, India and the Philippines together account for almost half of all Asian highly educated migrants.

In 2010/11, the Asia and Oceania migrants in the OECD had the highest proportion of migrants with high levels of education and the lowest proportion of migrants in the low-education categories of all other regions. Since 2000/01, the proportion of highly educated migrants increased from 39% to 46%, while the proportion of migrants with low levels of education declined from 31% to 25%. It is worth emphasizing that this pattern was common across all the regions, just greatest for Asia and Oceania. Two-thirds of the 3.6 million emigrants from India in the OECD in 2010/11 had higher education, up from 53% of the 1.9 million emigrants in 2000/01. The figures for Malaysia and the Philippines for 2010/11 were respectively 59.4% and 52.3%, representing 169 000 and 1.5 million migrants respectively. From other countries in the region such as Cambodia, Afghanistan, the Lao PDR and Tonga, the proportion of emigrants falling into the low-education category is much higher. Even though the absolute numbers of migrants falling into the low-education category from almost all countries increased between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the proportions declined across the board by varying degrees. Hence, the emigrant populations from the Asia and Oceania region in the OECD had become better educated over the period 2000/01 to 2010/11. However, only in the small island countries and in smaller weaker economies such as the Lao PDR and Cambodia are the emigration rates of the highly educated relatively high. These data show that a greater proportion of the educated leave from these economies, even though the absolute numbers may be relatively small compared with larger economies.

One economically inactive group of migrants that has increased markedly in the past decades is that of international students. OECD countries, particularly the Anglophone ones, but also Germany and France, have emerged as important centres of training and international education, attracting thousands of international students from all over the world. Partly as a result of the rapid development of the Asia and Oceania region and the increasing demand for skilled labour, students from Asia and Oceania represent a growing share of all international students in the OECD area. In 2012, there were 1.1 million international students from Asia and Oceania in the OECD, accounting for 40% of all international students. Asia and Oceania is top region of origin of international students, ahead of those originating from OECD countries.

China has dominated these flows throughout the 21st century, followed by India. The number of Chinese students increased from 410 000 in 2008 to reach 625 000 in 2012 (Figure 2.3), with the United States being the principal destination country. With the rapid expansion of China’s own tertiary system, which is attracting students from other parts of Asia for study, the continued expansion in the number of international students to OECD countries may not be taken for granted. India, with 168 400 students, is the second biggest country of origin of international students to the OECD. These two countries are the top origin countries of all international students to the OECD, jointly accounting for 30% of the total, well ahead of Korea and Germany which represent together about 10% of all international students in the OECD.

Figure 2.3. International students by country of origin, 2008 and 2012

Source: OECD Education Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269249

The top destination of international students from Asia and Oceania is the United States (383 000 students in 2012), which accounts for 35% of all students from the region, followed by Australia (184 000 students) (Table 2.4). These two countries together with the United Kingdom and Japan host close to 80% of all international students from the region.

Table 2.4. International students from Asia and Oceania, by main countries of destination, 2012
Destination country | International students from Asia and Oceania | % of all international students from Asia and Oceania
United States | 382 700 | 35
Australia | 183 940 | 17
United Kingdom | 169 860 | 15
Japan | 116 600 | 11
Korea |  52 380 |  5
Source: OECD Education Database.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271198

5. Impact of emigration

With the exception of the small island economies of the Pacific, the numbers of migrants leaving the countries of Asia and Oceania, although often large in absolute numbers, represent very small percentages of their base populations. These migrants in OECD countries can, nevertheless, make an important contribution to the countries of origin. The region received about USD 226 billion in 2014 in the form of remittances, which corresponds to 1.15% of the region’s GDP (Figure 2.4). Remittances have been in constant increase since the early 2000s, and their volume in 2014 was two and a half times that in 2005. The largest amounts go unsurprisingly given the number of migrants, to India and China, but where they make relatively small contributions to GDP. The USD 71 billion and USD 64 billion remitted to India and China in 2014 accounted for only 3.7% and 0.6% of the GDP of these two economies respectively. However, the USD 15 billion remitted to Bangladesh, the USD 6.2 billion to Nepal and the USD 60 million to Tonga accounted for 10.7%, 28.8% and 12.8% respectively of the GDP of these countries.

Figure 2.4. Remittances flows to the region and share of GDP, 2005-14

Source: World Bank remittances data.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269252

While questions can be raised about how the remittances have been measured and how they are distributed within countries of origin, they can make significant contributions not only to the families that receive them but also to the overall economies and particularly in smaller or slower-growing economies. Overall, however, they are not the critical factor in the development of the countries of Asia and Oceania: market reforms, as in the cases of China and India, have been much more important. Migration has been more the result of these reforms than a cause of them in the first place. Migrations are primarily the consequence of development (or the lack of it) not the driver of that development.

Migrants from the region show fairly good labour market outcomes. Their unemployed rate (8% in 2010/11) was the lowest among migrants from all regions living in the OECD. Their overall employment rate was 64.6%, close to that of migrants from the OECD area and Latin America and the Caribbean. However, the situation differs sharply across migrant groups and countries of origin within the region. The female employment was in 2010/11 16 percentage points lower than that of men (Table 2.5). Gender differences were most marked for Bangladesh and Pakistan, reflecting cultural expectations as well as the educational differences between men and women in these two countries. Highly educated migrants enjoyed high employment rates (75% in 2010/11) while low-educated ones had only 53% chances to be employed and an unemployment rate of 12%. In addition, a marked distinction existed among countries and particularly among the migrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tonga, who all experienced unemployment rates in excess of 10%. Again, across the board, the unemployment rate increased after 2000/01 when it was 7%. However, again the increases in unemployment rates for the highly educated were less than for those with lower education.

Table 2.5. Labour market outcomes of migrants from the region, 2000/01 and 2010/11
|  | Unemployment rate | Employment rate | Participation rate
2000/01 | Total (%) | 6.9 | 61.5 | 66.1
Highly educated (%) | 4.6 | 74.0 | 77.6
Men (%) | 6.5 | 70.1 | 75.0
Women (%) | 7.4 | 53.5 | 57.7
2010/11 | Total (%) | 8.3 | 64.6 | 70.5
change 2000/01-2010/11 (percentage points) | 1.4 |  3.1 |  4.4
Highly educated (%) | 6.2 | 75.3 | 80.3
change 2000/01-2010/11 (percentage points) | 1.6 |  1.3 |  2.6
Men (%) | 7.8 | 73.1 | 79.3
change 2000/01-2010/11 (percentage points) | 1.3 |  3.0 |  4.2
Women (%) | 8.9 | 57.0 | 62.6
change 2000/01-2010/11 (percentage points) | 1.5 |  3.5 |  4.9
Note: This is based on 31 OECD destinations for which data were available in the two years (Iceland and Turkey are excluded). The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271205

6. Future challenges

A critical question relates to how long migration from the Asia and Oceania region to the OECD will persist. As fast growing Asian countries pass through the demographic transition to low fertility and eventually negative population growth, increased pressures to import labour will arise. It is not too far-fetched to see China as a significant importer of labour. It would be too facile to conclude that Asian countries will follow American, Australasian or European models of immigration and a trend towards multicultural societies. Current levels of immigration in the largest Asian economies are low despite declining labour force growth and different models may evolve through, for example, substituting capital for labour through automation. Nevertheless, not all activities can be automated and the short and longer-term exchanges of skills seem likely to persist. Whatever the outcome, given the sheer size of Asia and Oceania populations and their already established global networks, that region seems destined to play a significant role in future global migrations.

Database references

Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/migration/dioc.htm.

Database on Immigrants in OECD and Non-OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/fr/migrations/dioc.htm.

OECD Education Database, www.oecd.org/education/database.htm.

OECD International Migration Database, https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MIG.

Note

 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Regional and country notes

Asia and Oceania

Asia and Oceania

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Cambodia

China

Fiji

India

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

Papua New Guinea

Philippines

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Tonga

Viet Nam

Asia and Oceania

Total population (millions) | 3 690.4 |  |  |  |  |
Population growth (annual, in %) | 1.0 |  |  |  |  |
GDP per capita (current USD) | 3 966 |  |  |  |  |
GDP growth (annual, in %) | 6.7 |  |  |  |  |
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 39.43 |  |  |  |  |
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 25%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Asia or Oceania living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 10 971.4 | 11 957.9 | 22 929.3 | 8 706.4 | 9 766.0 | 18 472.4 | .. | .. | .. | 11 692.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |       .. |       .. |       .. | 1 587.2 | 1 722.2 |  3 309.4 | .. | .. | .. |  2 086.6
15-24 (%) |     15.4 |     13.8 |     14.6 |    13.6 |    11.7 |     12.6 | .. | .. | .. |     13.7
25-64 (%) |     75.6 |     76.6 |     76.1 |    76.3 |    77.5 |     76.9 | .. | .. | .. |     76.7
65+ (%) |      8.9 |      9.6 |      9.3 |    10.1 |    10.8 |     10.5 | .. | .. | .. |      9.6
Low educated (%) |     30.7 |     32.2 |     31.5 |    23.0 |    26.1 |     24.6 | .. | .. | .. |     30.9
Highly educated (%) |     41.3 |     39.4 |     40.3 |    47.4 |    44.8 |     46.0 | .. | .. | .. |     38.8
Total emigration rates (%) |      0.8 |      0.9 |      0.8 |     0.6 |     0.7 |      0.7 | .. | .. | .. |      0.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |      3.3 |      4.6 |      3.8 |     3.1 |     4.4 |      3.7 | .. | .. | .. |      3.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 8 237.9 | 35.9 | 13.1 | 53.0 | 51.8 | 10.1 | 5 884.5
Canada | 2 491.8 | 10.9 | 18.7 | 53.4 | 54.6 | 11.6 | 1 590.8
United Kingdom | 2 203.5 |  9.6 | 31.0 | 50.5 | 45.2 | 14.3 | 1 308.3
Thailand | 1 960.4 |  8.6 |   .. | 47.1 |  5.3 | 32.4 |   163.8
Australia | 1 637.8 |  7.1 | 27.8 | 53.1 | 47.1 | 15.6 |   940.9
Malaysia | 1 374.2 |  6.0 |   .. | 43.7 |  1.9 | 15.0 |   964.6
Japan |   672.9 |  2.9 |   .. | 62.9 | 23.4 | 26.6 |   394.4
Italy |   536.0 |  2.3 | 30.7 | 46.3 |  9.5 | 15.4 |   160.8
Germany |   532.0 |  2.3 | 15.9 | 54.8 | 23.0 | 11.5 |   122.4
France |   443.0 |  1.9 | 14.6 | 53.3 | 28.8 | 11.5 |   322.9

Labour market indicators of persons born in Asia or Oceania living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment-population ratio (%) |    72.1 |    54.9 |    63.2 |    74.9 |    58.5 |     66.3
Unemployment rate (%) |     6.6 |     7.4 |     7.0 |     7.8 |     8.9 |      8.3
Participation rate (%) |    77.2 |    59.3 |    67.9 |    81.3 |    64.2 |     72.3
Total employed (thousands) | 3 637.5 | 2 994.1 | 6 631.6 | 5 781.9 | 5 032.8 | 10 814.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |    81.7 |    66.3 |    74.0 |    83.6 |    67.7 |     75.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |     4.1 |     5.3 |     4.6 |     5.3 |     7.2 |      6.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |      .. |      .. |    33.3 |      .. |      .. |     35.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 1 688.4 | 1 368.7 | 3 057.1 | 3 068.2 | 2 695.9 |  5 764.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    44.3 |    39.4 |    40.1 |    42.8 |    40.6 |     41.4
Of which: Health professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |     12.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      7.1
Medium-skilled occupations |    55.7 |    60.5 |    54.5 |    49.4 |    51.9 |     50.6
Low-skilled occupations |     0.0 |     0.1 |     5.5 |     7.8 |     7.5 |      8.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01 | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01
United States | 4 268.9 |  59.8 | United States | 1 481.6 |   6.6
Canada | 1 360.9 | 108.8 | United Kingdom |   759.0 |  22.9
United Kingdom |   996.3 | 187.2 | Canada |   442.2 |  -7.3
Australia |   771.6 | 154.2 | Italy |   346.4 | 227.8
Japan |   157.5 |  54.7 | Australia |   236.6 | -17.9
Total | 8 298.0 |  89.1 | Total | 4 441.4 |  27.1

International students from Asia or Oceania in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 275 689 | 306 690 |   382 700
Australia | 164 860 | 196 741 |   183 942
United Kingdom | 121 547 | 152 520 |   169 855
Japan |  94 055 | 105 225 |   116 602
Korea |  35 818 |  53 054 |    52 384
Total | 842 417 | 990 464 | 1 101 647

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (334 380, 32%), KOR (225 794, 75%), JPN (198 577, 65%), GBR (123 000, 35%), CAN (121 035, 47%), AUS (111 246, 45%), DEU (73 289, 7%), ITA (69 954, 22%), ESP (36 788, 10%), NZL (22 702, 58%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 7 | 14 | 17 | 7 |  8
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 44
Three main countries of desired destination: United States (29%), Saudi Arabia (9%), United Kingdom (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271045

Afghanistan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 30.6 |  |  | Afghanistan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 169/187 | 31/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 665 |  |  | GDP per capita | 170/209 | 32/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 124/203 | 19/36
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 104/144 | 15/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 47%; “15-64”: 51%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Afghanistan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 232.6 | 174.9 | 407.5 | 223.2 | 170.9 | 394.1 | .. | .. | .. | 144.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  45.3 |  30.6 |  75.9 | .. | .. | .. |  29.1
15-24 (%) |  26.4 |  22.0 |  24.5 |  26.8 |  21.8 |  24.6 | .. | .. | .. |  24.4
25-64 (%) |  68.5 |  71.3 |  69.7 |  68.0 |  71.4 |  69.5 | .. | .. | .. |  70.2
65+ (%) |   5.1 |   6.7 |   5.8 |   5.2 |   6.8 |   5.9 | .. | .. | .. |   5.4
Low educated (%) |  43.0 |  48.0 |  45.2 |  43.6 |  47.5 |  45.3 | .. | .. | .. |  48.5
Highly educated (%) |  24.7 |  21.5 |  23.3 |  24.0 |  21.8 |  23.0 | .. | .. | .. |  20.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.0 |   2.4 |   2.7 |   2.9 |   2.3 |   2.6 | .. | .. | .. |   1.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   4.4 |  12.9 |   5.9 |   4.1 |  12.8 |   5.7 | .. | .. | .. |   3.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 96.3 | 23.6 |  9.8 | 43.2 | 16.3 | 19.8 | 29.9
United States | 57.5 | 14.1 |  7.0 | 52.1 | 37.2 | 12.5 | 43.0
United Kingdom | 55.3 | 13.6 | 35.4 | 37.5 | 22.9 | 30.3 | 11.8
Canada | 40.1 |  9.8 | 19.2 | 49.7 | 31.8 | 22.7 | 18.8
Netherlands | 29.8 |  7.3 |  9.2 | 42.3 | 26.0 | 30.6 |   ..
Australia | 25.7 |  6.3 | 30.2 | 40.6 | 13.7 | 29.7 |  9.6
Turkey | 19.6 |  4.8 | 19.9 | 51.7 |  9.6 | 14.2 |  8.4
Sweden | 12.6 |  3.1 | 46.8 | 41.5 | 14.8 | 39.8 |  5.2
Denmark |  9.3 |  2.3 | 11.8 | 45.0 | 13.9 | 37.7 |  4.6
Norway |  8.6 |  2.1 | 50.0 | 35.6 | 11.1 | 42.2 |  3.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Afghanistan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 53.0 | 29.1 | 42.7 |  59.6 | 36.5 |  49.7
Unemployment rate (%) | 13.0 | 13.9 | 13.3 |  16.0 | 16.6 |  16.2
Participation rate (%) | 60.9 | 33.8 | 49.2 |  70.9 | 43.8 |  59.3
Total employed (thousands) | 38.6 | 16.1 | 54.7 | 125.4 | 57.7 | 183.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 64.2 | 52.9 | 60.0 |  71.2 | 58.5 |  65.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 12.3 | 12.1 | 12.2 |  12.2 | 11.9 |  12.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 51.5 |    .. |   .. |  50.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 10.7 |  5.2 | 15.9 |  32.9 | 20.0 |  52.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 28.0 |  24.4 | 27.1 |  25.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   9.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   5.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 65.1 |  59.9 | 57.6 |  59.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  6.9 |  15.7 | 15.2 |  15.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 21.4 |  +52.6 | Germany |  43.0 |  +76.7
Germany | 15.7 |     .. | United Kingdom |  30.6 | +383.7
Canada | 12.7 | +157.9 | Turkey |  16.0 | +163.4
United Kingdom | 12.7 | +449.2 | Netherlands |  13.3 |     ..
Netherlands |  7.8 |     .. | United States |  12.3 |  +11.7
Total | 85.5 | +209.8 | Total | 168.2 | +158.4

International students from Afghanistan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Turkey |   509 |   796 | 1 122
United States |   338 |   422 |   359
United Kingdom |   136 |   199 |   208
France |   131 |   117 |   169
Germany |    70 |   138 |   161
Total | 1 700 | 2 321 | 2 910

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (8 581, 0%), SWE (4 673, 5%), AUT (3 756, 3%), AUS (3 644, 1%), CAN (2 155, 0%), USA (1 617, 0%), NOR (1 219, 1%), ITA (1 109, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), JPN (894, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 23 | 26 | 25 | 21 | 23
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 18
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 39
Three main desired countries of destination: Iran (20%), United States (13%), Saudi Arabia (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270854

Bangladesh

Total population 2013 (millions) | 156.6 |  |  | Bangladesh compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 142/187 | 25/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 958 |  |  | GDP per capita | 160/209 | 30/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 6.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 184/203 | 31/36
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 76.54 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 126/144 | 19/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 30%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Bangladesh living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 390.9 | 234.7 | 625.6 | 306.3 | 226.6 | 532.9 | .. | .. | .. | 285.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  75.1 |  50.6 | 125.7 | .. | .. | .. |  57.4
15-24 (%) |  12.1 |  14.6 |  13.1 |  12.9 |  14.7 |  13.7 | .. | .. | .. |  19.8
25-64 (%) |  84.5 |  80.3 |  82.9 |  82.8 |  80.1 |  81.6 | .. | .. | .. |  76.1
65+ (%) |   3.4 |   5.0 |   4.0 |   4.3 |   5.2 |   4.7 | .. | .. | .. |   4.2
Low educated (%) |  40.7 |  42.0 |  41.2 |  34.1 |  40.8 |  36.9 | .. | .. | .. |  48.3
Highly educated (%) |  33.9 |  32.6 |  33.4 |  41.2 |  33.4 |  37.9 | .. | .. | .. |  28.4
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.7 |   0.5 |   0.6 |   0.6 |   0.4 |   0.5 | .. | .. | .. |   0.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   3.8 |   3.7 |   3.7 |   3.6 |   3.6 |   3.6 | .. | .. | .. |   2.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 206.2 | 33.0 | 20.2 | 47.2 | 30.0 | 11.9 | 141.9
United States | 147.1 | 23.5 | 15.9 | 45.7 | 48.4 | 15.6 |  82.8
Italy |  63.9 | 10.2 | 36.6 | 28.2 | 13.7 | 14.3 |  11.5
Malaysia |  56.7 |  9.1 |   .. |  2.7 |  1.6 |  3.8 |  55.0
Canada |  42.3 |  6.8 | 27.3 | 47.7 | 66.8 | 13.9 |  19.5
Australia |  25.7 |  4.1 | 35.9 | 42.1 | 70.1 | 15.0 |   7.8
South Africa |  19.9 |  3.2 |   .. |  3.7 |  5.8 | 21.0 |   1.0
Greece |  10.0 |  1.6 | 56.5 |  5.6 |  5.0 | 17.7 |   4.7
Mauritius |   7.6 |  1.2 |   .. | 64.0 |  0.1 | 13.9 |   0.2
Spain |   6.3 |  1.0 | 46.6 | 26.2 | 14.1 | 17.4 |   1.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Bangladesh living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  68.9 | 25.7 |  50.3 |  74.6 | 31.3 |  56.3
Unemployment rate (%) |  11.1 | 16.5 |  12.4 |  11.2 | 20.1 |  13.5
Participation rate (%) |  77.5 | 30.8 |  57.4 |  84.0 | 39.2 |  65.0
Total employed (thousands) | 107.3 | 30.4 | 137.7 | 216.5 | 66.8 | 283.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  79.5 | 48.1 |  68.9 |  82.6 | 46.1 |  68.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.2 | 11.4 |   7.5 |   7.4 | 15.8 |   9.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  48.7 |    .. |   .. |  55.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  40.2 | 12.4 |  52.6 |  98.7 | 33.9 | 132.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  28.8 |  26.1 | 30.4 |  27.0
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   5.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   8.4
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  63.5 |  55.6 | 59.0 |  56.4
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   7.7 |  18.2 | 10.5 |  16.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  71.2 |  +86.5 | United Kingdom | 105.1 |  +13.9
United Kingdom |  61.9 | +238.5 | Italy |  38.0 | +413.8
Canada |  28.3 | +179.9 | United States |  27.8 |  +39.6
Australia |  18.0 | +332.7 | Greece |   7.2 | +164.1
Italy |   8.7 | +510.6 | Canada |   4.2 |   +7.5
Total | 199.5 | +157.1 | Total | 194.7 |  +47.4

International students from Bangladesh in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  2 817 |  4 140 |  3 816
Australia |  2 355 |  2 656 |  3 339
United States |  2 307 |  2 596 |  3 210
Japan |  1 515 |  1 693 |  1 364
Canada |  1 246 |  1 134 |  1 332
Total | 12 066 | 15 343 | 16 795

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (14 705, 1%), ITA (10 144, 3%), ESP (2 613, 0%), AUS (2 519, 1%), CAN (2 450, 0%), GBR (2 000, 0%), KOR (1 850, 0%), DEU (1 502, 0%), JPN (1 192, 0%), FRA (830, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 22 | 37 | 38 | 29 | 28
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  8
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 41
Three main desired countries of destination: Saudi Arabia (25%), United States (24%), United Kingdom (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270863

Cambodia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 15.1 |  |  | Cambodia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 136/187 | 23/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 007 |  |  | GDP per capita | 159/209 | 29/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 123/203 | 18/36
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 41.26 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 45/144 | 7/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 31%; “15-64”: 64%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Cambodia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 226.2 | 242.7 | 468.9 | 127.3 | 150.0 | 277.3 | .. | .. | .. | 239.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.4 |  11.9 |  18.4 | .. | .. | .. |  15.2
15-24 (%) |  18.4 |  17.0 |  17.7 |   5.2 |   5.3 |   5.3 | .. | .. | .. |  11.8
25-64 (%) |  75.1 |  75.0 |  75.1 |  84.2 |  82.7 |  83.3 | .. | .. | .. |  81.1
65+ (%) |   6.5 |   7.9 |   7.2 |  10.7 |  12.0 |  11.4 | .. | .. | .. |   7.1
Low educated (%) |  51.9 |  62.5 |  57.5 |  39.1 |  52.2 |  46.2 | .. | .. | .. |  53.2
Highly educated (%) |  19.1 |  12.8 |  15.8 |  22.6 |  16.3 |  19.2 | .. | .. | .. |  15.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.5 |   4.6 |   4.6 |   2.6 |   2.9 |   2.8 | .. | .. | .. |   3.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  15.4 |  18.6 |  16.6 |  13.0 |  17.5 |  14.7 | .. | .. | .. |  52.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Thailand | 180.5 | 38.5 |   .. | 47.7 |  4.3 | 36.6 |    ..
United States | 151.3 | 32.3 |  6.4 | 55.3 | 19.0 |  5.2 | 132.4
France |  58.6 | 12.5 |  3.6 | 51.9 | 20.6 |  2.8 |  55.1
Australia |  27.6 |  5.9 | 11.2 | 54.7 | 14.7 |  8.5 |  22.0
Canada |  23.6 |  5.0 |  6.9 | 53.5 | 22.6 |  4.1 |  18.7
Malaysia |  11.0 |  2.3 |   .. | 60.1 |  0.5 | 22.0 |    ..
New Zealand |   6.4 |  1.4 | 16.5 | 53.6 |  8.5 | 12.6 |   4.4
Switzerland |   2.7 |  0.6 |  8.0 | 35.4 | 20.1 |  3.7 |   1.8
Japan |   1.7 |  0.4 |   .. | 45.8 |  9.5 | 26.6 |   1.2
Belgium |   1.3 |  0.3 | 16.8 | 58.5 | 16.8 |  9.1 |   1.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Cambodia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 68.1 | 50.6 |  59.1 | 74.4 | 57.8 |  65.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  9.7 | 13.0 |  11.2 |  8.9 | 10.8 |   9.8
Participation rate (%) | 75.4 | 58.1 |  66.5 | 81.7 | 64.8 |  72.6
Total employed (thousands) | 73.4 | 57.8 | 131.1 | 83.9 | 76.0 | 159.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 79.3 | 71.2 |  75.9 | 84.5 | 75.7 |  80.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.9 |  7.0 |   6.4 |  5.8 |  7.3 |   6.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  38.2 |   .. |   .. |  40.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 16.6 | 10.4 |  27.0 | 22.4 | 17.5 |  39.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  23.5 | 23.3 | 20.8 |  25.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   9.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   5.8
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  71.1 | 72.6 | 74.0 |  69.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   5.4 |  4.1 |  5.2 |   5.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 28.8 |  +46.7 | United States |  62.6 |  -4.7
France | 12.1 |  +15.8 | France |  31.4 |  +5.2
Canada |  5.3 |  +69.8 | Australia |  12.9 |  -7.7
Australia |  4.0 |  +93.4 | Canada |  11.9 |  +6.1
Switzerland |  0.5 | +169.9 | New Zealand |   3.9 | +80.8
Total | 52.6 |  +44.2 | Total | 126.5 |  +0.9

International students from Cambodia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |   512 |   566 |   602
Australia |   311 |   419 |   462
Japan |   277 |   296 |   333
United States |   369 |   344 |   323
Korea |    86 |   167 |   244
Total | 1 783 | 2 073 | 2 254

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): KOR (9 523, 3%), USA (2 473, 0%), JPN (1 099, 0%), AUS (780, 0%), FRA (483, 0%), CAN (230, 0%), NZL (226, 0%), DEU (100, 0%), CHE (26, 0%), ITA (24, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 30 | 40 | 48 | 29 | 32
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (63%), South Korea (9%), Australia (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270911

China

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1 357.4 |  |  | China compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 91/187 | 9/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 6 807 |  |  | GDP per capita | 86/209 | 7/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 192/203 | 33/36
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 18.61 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 140/144 | 23/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 73%; “65+”: 9% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in China living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 899.4 | 2 216.6 | 4 116.0 | 1 650.1 | 1 981.8 | 3 631.9 | .. | .. | .. | 2 090.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   352.3 |   439.2 |   791.5 | .. | .. | .. |   470.7
15-24 (%) |    18.2 |    17.7 |    17.9 |    18.8 |    18.1 |    18.4 | .. | .. | .. |    11.9
25-64 (%) |    68.0 |    69.4 |    68.7 |    68.7 |    69.7 |    69.3 | .. | .. | .. |    73.3
65+ (%) |    13.7 |    13.0 |    13.3 |    12.5 |    12.1 |    12.3 | .. | .. | .. |    14.9
Low educated (%) |    28.2 |    29.8 |    29.1 |    26.6 |    27.9 |    27.3 | .. | .. | .. |    32.4
Highly educated (%) |    42.1 |    40.6 |    41.3 |    44.7 |    43.1 |    43.8 | .. | .. | .. |    41.2
Total emigration rates (%) |     0.3 |     0.4 |     0.4 |     0.3 |     0.4 |     0.3 | .. | .. | .. |     0.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     1.5 |     2.3 |     1.8 |     1.4 |     2.2 |     1.7 | .. | .. | .. |     1.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 430.8 | 34.8 | 14.1 | 53.4 | 46.7 | 12.0 | 1 129.6
Canada |   553.1 | 13.4 | 20.6 | 53.9 | 53.3 | 14.3 |   318.1
Japan |   421.2 | 10.2 |   .. | 61.3 | 23.9 | 31.3 |   227.4
Australia |   336.5 |  8.2 | 33.2 | 56.0 | 48.3 | 23.1 |   134.7
United Kingdom |   271.6 |  6.6 | 44.8 | 53.2 | 49.9 | 34.0 |    47.8
Italy |   147.6 |  3.6 | 26.5 | 50.2 |  4.6 | 18.4 |    35.6
Kazakhstan |   101.9 |  2.5 |   .. | 50.0 | 10.0 | 14.8 |      ..
Thailand |    92.9 |  2.3 |   .. | 40.2 | 17.1 |  5.8 |    51.9
New Zealand |    85.9 |  2.1 | 28.3 | 54.6 | 37.7 | 18.8 |    36.0
France |    84.4 |  2.0 | 33.5 | 56.4 | 39.9 | 25.9 |    31.3

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in China living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  71.8 |  55.6 |    63.3 |  68.7 |  57.5 |    62.6
Unemployment rate (%) |   5.7 |   6.6 |     6.1 |   7.5 |   8.5 |     8.0
Participation rate (%) |  76.1 |  59.6 |    67.4 |  74.3 |  62.8 |    68.0
Total employed (thousands) | 595.8 | 511.7 | 1 107.5 | 971.7 | 982.9 | 1 954.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  81.1 |  63.9 |    72.5 |  76.8 |  64.6 |    70.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.2 |   5.7 |     4.9 |   5.9 |   7.6 |     6.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |    26.6 |    .. |    .. |    30.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 305.1 | 237.7 |   542.8 | 488.8 | 491.1 |   979.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    44.2 |  45.2 |  40.5 |    42.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |    .. |     5.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |    .. |    10.0
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    52.9 |  49.6 |  54.1 |    51.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |     2.9 |   5.2 |   5.4 |     5.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |   668.5 |  +30.8 | United States | 361.6 |   +9.0
Canada |   294.7 | +127.2 | Canada | 117.1 |   -6.3
Australia |   162.6 | +254.6 | Italy | 115.6 | +310.4
United Kingdom |   135.4 | +570.5 | Japan |  81.2 | +100.9
Japan |   100.9 |  +60.4 | United Kingdom |  76.0 | +383.5
Total | 1 530.6 |  +86.0 | Total | 954.6 |  +47.6

International students from China in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 110 246 | 126 498 | 210 452
Japan |  77 916 |  86 553 |  96 592
Australia |  57 596 |  87 588 |  87 497
United Kingdom |  45 356 |  55 496 |  76 913
Korea |  30 552 |  45 757 |  43 698
Total | 409 633 | 500 952 | 625 096

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): KOR (127 289, 42%), JPN (106 957, 35%), USA (81 784, 7%), GBR (41 000, 11%), CAN (33 020, 12%), AUS (25 572, 10%), ITA (20 463, 6%), DEU (19 740, 2%), ESP (14 208, 4%), FRA (7 241, 4%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 6 | 12 | 17 | 6 |  6
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  2
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 22
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (31%), Canada (7%), France (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270870

Fiji

Total population 2013 (millions) | 0.9 |  |  | Fiji compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 88/187 | 7/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 4 375 |  |  | GDP per capita | 105/209 | 11/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 34/203 | 9/36
Poverty rate 2008 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 22.90 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 10/144 | 2/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Fiji living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 82.5 | 94.1 | 176.5 | 82.3 | 93.9 | 176.2 | .. | .. | .. | 119.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 10.5 | 12.5 |  23.0 | .. | .. | .. |  24.8
15-24 (%) | 11.0 | 10.2 |  10.6 | 11.0 | 10.2 |  10.6 | .. | .. | .. |  17.8
25-64 (%) | 79.0 | 79.7 |  79.4 | 79.0 | 79.7 |  79.3 | .. | .. | .. |  76.3
65+ (%) | 10.0 | 10.1 |  10.1 | 10.0 | 10.1 |  10.1 | .. | .. | .. |   5.9
Low educated (%) | 23.1 | 27.0 |  25.2 | 23.0 | 26.9 |  25.1 | .. | .. | .. |  32.9
Highly educated (%) | 31.2 | 32.0 |  31.6 | 31.2 | 32.0 |  31.7 | .. | .. | .. |  22.8
Total emigration rates (%) | 20.9 | 23.9 |  22.4 | 20.9 | 23.9 |  22.4 | .. | .. | .. |  18.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 27.3 | 44.2 |  34.4 | 27.3 | 44.2 |  34.4 | .. | .. | .. |  31.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Australia | 54.5 | 30.9 | 12.4 |  53.9 |  35.0 |  9.1 | 40.9
New Zealand | 48.7 | 27.6 | 20.8 |  52.2 |  26.2 | 14.4 | 23.4
United States | 42.1 | 23.8 |  9.4 |  54.7 |  25.7 | 12.0 | 28.7
Canada | 24.6 | 13.9 |  6.5 |  53.0 |  33.1 |  4.5 | 22.3
United Kingdom |  5.7 |  3.2 | 23.9 |  47.5 |  36.0 |  7.6 |  3.3
Zambia |  .. |  .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   ..
France |  .. |  .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |  0.1
Japan |  .. |  .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   ..
Netherlands |  .. |  .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   ..
Nauru |  .. |  .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Fiji living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 75.0 | 61.5 | 67.9 | 78.5 | 66.9 |  72.3
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.8 |  8.3 |  7.5 |  7.0 |  8.6 |   7.8
Participation rate (%) | 80.4 | 67.1 | 73.4 | 84.4 | 73.3 |  78.5
Total employed (thousands) | 39.6 | 36.0 | 75.6 | 57.8 | 56.1 | 113.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 87.6 | 78.4 | 83.1 | 88.0 | 79.4 |  83.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.6 |  5.9 |  5.3 |  5.1 |  6.4 |   5.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 37.6 |   .. |   .. |  38.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 10.9 |  9.6 | 20.5 | 23.8 | 23.4 |  47.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 30.1 | 40.5 | 37.0 |  38.8
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  11.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   8.8
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 59.8 | 52.2 | 55.1 |  53.6
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 10.1 |  7.3 |  7.9 |   7.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Australia | 19.1 |  +93.3 | New Zealand | 15.9 | +388.1
New Zealand | 12.7 | +124.1 | United States | 10.3 |   -1.1
United States | 10.8 | +139.0 | Australia |  8.3 |  -36.4
Canada |  8.2 |  +82.3 | Canada |  5.6 |  -34.0
United Kingdom |  2.1 | +161.8 | United Kingdom |  1.9 |  +45.9
Total | 53.1 | +109.1 | Total | 42.1 |  +14.9

International students from the Fiji in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Australia |   782 |   572 |   503
New Zealand |   566 |   685 |   463
United States |   177 |   156 |   118
Japan |    36 |    26 |    31
Korea |     2 |    16 |    23
Total | 1 603 | 1 516 | 1 183

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): NZL (2 258, 5%), AUS (1 514, 0%), USA (853, 0%), CAN (270, 0%), JPN (154, 0%), KOR (28, 0%), DEU (23, 0%), FRA (20, 0%), NLD (8, 0%), CHE (5, 0%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270880

India

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1 252.1 |  |  | India compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 135/187 | 21/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 498 |  |  | GDP per capita | 147/209 | 27/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 6.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 191/203 | 32/36
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 59.24 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 128/144 | 20/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in India living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 2 051.2 | 1 779.6 | 3 830.8 | 1 914.3 | 1 700.5 | 3 614.8 | .. | .. | .. | 1 971.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   487.6 |   399.0 |   886.5 | .. | .. | .. |   491.0
15-24 (%) |    10.6 |     9.2 |    10.0 |    10.4 |     9.2 |     9.8 | .. | .. | .. |    10.6
25-64 (%) |    78.7 |    78.8 |    78.7 |    78.6 |    78.7 |    78.7 | .. | .. | .. |    78.9
65+ (%) |    10.8 |    12.0 |    11.3 |    11.0 |    12.1 |    11.5 | .. | .. | .. |    10.6
Low educated (%) |    16.7 |    20.9 |    18.6 |    15.5 |    20.4 |    17.8 | .. | .. | .. |    26.7
Highly educated (%) |    63.5 |    58.7 |    61.2 |    65.3 |    59.8 |    62.7 | .. | .. | .. |    52.8
Total emigration rates (%) |     0.5 |     0.4 |     0.4 |     0.4 |     0.4 |     0.4 | .. | .. | .. |     0.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     3.2 |     4.2 |     3.6 |     3.1 |     4.1 |     3.5 | .. | .. | .. |     3.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 686.0 | 44.0 | 19.5 | 46.9 | 74.9 |  9.1 | 958.1
United Kingdom |   684.8 | 17.9 | 30.1 | 49.0 | 53.5 |  8.3 | 454.5
Canada |   542.5 | 14.2 | 20.4 | 50.0 | 54.5 |  9.2 | 306.9
Australia |   271.3 |  7.1 | 44.9 | 44.1 | 65.5 | 13.0 |  88.2
Italy |    94.2 |  2.5 | 38.1 | 40.4 |  9.4 | 17.9 |  24.0
New Zealand |    62.8 |  1.6 | 38.1 | 43.9 | 53.4 | 19.5 |  18.4
Thailand |    51.0 |  1.3 |   .. | 34.1 | 37.4 | 11.5 |    ..
Germany |    49.3 |  1.3 | 36.4 | 36.5 | 45.7 |  9.6 |    ..
France |    42.8 |  1.1 | 16.3 | 48.7 | 26.3 | 13.4 |  26.4
Malaysia |    36.1 |  0.9 |   .. | 25.9 | 17.7 |  3.5 |  46.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in India living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  80.0 |  53.7 |    67.6 |    82.2 |  56.4 |    70.1
Unemployment rate (%) |   4.7 |   7.9 |     5.9 |     5.6 |  10.0 |     7.3
Participation rate (%) |  83.9 |  58.3 |    71.8 |    87.0 |  62.7 |    75.7
Total employed (thousands) | 742.8 | 446.6 | 1 189.5 | 1 391.8 | 838.4 | 2 230.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  86.7 |  60.8 |    75.4 |    88.3 |  62.4 |    76.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   2.9 |   6.5 |     4.2 |     4.0 |   8.9 |     5.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |    26.0 |      .. |    .. |    27.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 467.5 | 252.9 |   720.4 |   990.3 | 591.6 | 1 581.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    52.7 |    58.4 |  54.0 |    56.3
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |    .. |    10.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |    .. |     6.1
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    40.9 |    34.3 |  38.5 |    36.1
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |     6.4 |     7.3 |   7.5 |     7.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 1 262.7 |  +90.7 | United Kingdom | 201.6 |   -1.4
United Kingdom |   366.5 | +175.9 | United States | 152.5 |  +24.3
Canada |   295.7 | +136.9 | Canada | 103.7 |   +5.5
Australia |   177.7 | +318.1 | Italy |  62.1 | +294.8
New Zealand |    33.6 | +373.6 | France |  18.7 |  +38.5
Total | 2 238.1 | +123.3 | Total | 634.8 |  +25.5

International students from India in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  94 664 | 103 968 |  97 120
United Kingdom |  25 901 |  38 205 |  29 713
Australia |  26 520 |  20 429 |  11 684
Canada |   3 219 |   4 617 |   8 142
New Zealand |   4 094 |   6 650 |   7 248
Total | 163 145 | 186 603 | 168 407

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (66 434, 6%), GBR (36 000, 10%), CAN (28 945, 11%), AUS (27 865, 11%), DEU (18 063, 1%), ITA (11 158, 3%), JPN (5 632, 1%), NZL (5 337, 13%), ESP (4 037, 1%), NLD (3 956, 3%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 3 | 9 | 13 | 5 |  5
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  8
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 49
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (29%), United Arab Emirates (9%), United Kingdom (6%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270903

Indonesia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 249.9 |  |  | Indonesia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 108/187 | 14/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 475 |  |  | GDP per capita | 120/209 | 16/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 198/203 | 35/36
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 43.33 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 135/144 | 22/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Indonesia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 602.4 | 714.4 | 1 316.8 | 158.6 | 196.5 | 355.0 | .. | .. | .. | 339.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  16.6 |  26.0 |  42.6 | .. | .. | .. |  48.4
15-24 (%) |  12.7 |  12.5 |    12.6 |  13.0 |   8.7 |  10.6 | .. | .. | .. |  12.4
25-64 (%) |  80.2 |  80.8 |    80.5 |  64.3 |  68.7 |  66.8 | .. | .. | .. |  63.5
65+ (%) |   7.2 |   6.8 |     6.9 |  22.7 |  22.6 |  22.6 | .. | .. | .. |  24.0
Low educated (%) |  66.0 |  61.4 |    63.5 |  15.8 |  22.9 |  19.8 | .. | .. | .. |  25.5
Highly educated (%) |  13.5 |  12.3 |    12.8 |  47.9 |  41.5 |  44.4 | .. | .. | .. |  35.3
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.7 |   0.8 |     0.8 |   0.2 |   0.2 |   0.2 | .. | .. | .. |   0.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   2.4 |   3.2 |     2.8 |   2.3 |   2.9 |   2.6 | .. | .. | .. |   3.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Malaysia | 814.8 | 61.9 |   .. | 46.5 |  0.6 | 13.8 | 599.2
Netherlands | 126.9 |  9.6 |  2.3 | 55.5 | 31.1 |  1.7 | 177.9
United States |  91.9 |  7.0 | 13.4 | 56.3 | 54.8 | 12.4 |  70.3
Australia |  59.0 |  4.5 | 25.1 | 56.1 | 53.2 | 19.6 |  43.4
Japan |  17.0 |  1.3 |   .. | 32.5 | 20.7 | 34.5 |  13.8
Canada |  13.7 |  1.0 | 17.2 | 51.9 | 66.0 | 15.0 |  10.0
Germany |  11.2 |  0.9 | 12.8 | 56.5 | 45.2 | 10.1 |    ..
United Kingdom |   8.8 |  0.7 | 40.1 | 66.0 | 57.9 | 14.8 |   6.1
New Zealand |   4.6 |  0.3 | 21.4 | 56.0 | 41.3 | 16.2 |   3.4
France |   4.3 |  0.3 | 23.2 | 66.8 | 49.8 | 11.6 |   3.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Indonesia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 67.6 | 51.6 |  59.6 | 73.8 | 56.5 |  64.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  3.7 |  5.3 |   4.4 |  6.3 |  7.9 |   7.1
Participation rate (%) | 70.2 | 54.5 |  62.3 | 78.8 | 61.4 |  69.2
Total employed (thousands) | 87.5 | 66.4 | 154.0 | 89.8 | 85.6 | 175.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 72.9 | 59.7 |  66.8 | 80.6 | 63.9 |  71.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.9 |  5.4 |   4.5 |  5.3 |  7.0 |   6.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  29.3 |   .. |   .. |  35.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 36.8 | 25.6 |  62.5 | 46.3 | 44.3 |  90.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  47.6 | 45.9 | 40.6 |  43.8
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   8.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   8.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  48.1 | 48.6 | 50.7 |  49.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   4.3 |  5.5 |  8.7 |   7.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  50.4 |  +45.7 | Netherlands | 43.6 | -29.1
Netherlands |  39.5 |  -23.2 | United States |  8.7 | +29.1
Australia |  31.4 | +106.2 | Australia |  4.4 | -46.8
Canada |   9.1 |  +72.3 | Germany |  2.6 |    ..
Germany |   5.1 |     .. | United Kingdom |  1.7 | +39.3
Total | 153.9 |  +31.5 | Total | 68.5 | -18.9

International students from Indonesia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Australia | 10 242 | 10 135 |  9 431
United States |  7 700 |  6 882 |  6 907
Japan |  1 578 |  1 974 |  2 213
United Kingdom |    924 |  1 137 |  1 442
Germany |  1 579 |  1 656 |  1 350
Total | 24 419 | 24 646 | 25 386

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): JPN (9 282, 3%), KOR (8 263, 2%), USA (2 603, 0%), AUS (2 518, 1%), DEU (2 242, 0%), GBR (2 000, 0%), NLD (1 168, 1%), CAN (375, 0%), ITA (265, 0%), FRA (234, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 3 | 6 | 7 | 2 |  3
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 35
Three main desired countries of destination: Malaysia (15%), United States (14%), Brunei Darussalam (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270895

Lao PDR

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.8 |  |  | Lao PDR compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 139/187 | 24/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 661 |  |  | GDP per capita | 143/209 | 25/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 8.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 85/203 | 11/36
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 62.01 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 44/144 | 6/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 35%; “15-64”: 61%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Lao PDR living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 198.1 | 240.6 | 438.8 | 127.9 | 134.8 | 262.7 | .. | .. | .. | 264.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |   2.4 |   4.9 |   7.3 | .. | .. | .. |  10.2
15-24 (%) |  12.9 |  18.7 |  16.1 |   2.9 |   3.5 |   3.2 | .. | .. | .. |  13.8
25-64 (%) |  79.6 |  74.0 |  76.6 |  88.0 |  86.4 |  87.2 | .. | .. | .. |  80.1
65+ (%) |   7.5 |   7.3 |   7.4 |   9.1 |  10.1 |   9.6 | .. | .. | .. |   6.1
Low educated (%) |  49.5 |  62.6 |  56.6 |  35.6 |  46.5 |  41.2 | .. | .. | .. |  49.8
Highly educated (%) |  16.8 |  12.5 |  14.4 |  22.0 |  17.9 |  19.9 | .. | .. | .. |  14.3
Total emigration rates (%) |   9.0 |  10.6 |   9.8 |   6.0 |   6.2 |   6.1 | .. | .. | .. |   8.0
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  14.1 |  17.5 |  15.5 |  13.8 |  16.6 |  15.0 | .. | .. | .. |  25.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 193.3 | 44.0 |  2.9 | 51.2 | 19.3 |  3.6 | 194.8
Thailand | 175.1 | 39.9 |   .. | 60.2 |  1.3 | 35.5 |  10.6
France |  40.3 |  9.2 |  1.3 | 51.0 | 19.2 |  1.2 |  40.6
Canada |  14.1 |  3.2 |  1.0 | 50.9 | 29.5 |  0.3 |  14.2
Australia |   9.8 |  2.2 |  6.1 | 52.8 | 19.1 |  3.1 |   9.3
Japan |   1.8 |  0.4 |   .. | 46.5 | 11.2 | 28.5 |   1.1
Belgium |   1.1 |  0.3 |  8.7 | 52.0 | 16.2 |  2.2 |   1.1
United Kingdom |   0.6 |  0.1 | 27.1 | 62.9 | 42.0 |  3.7 |   0.5
Cambodia |   0.5 |  0.1 |   .. | 43.0 |  3.4 | 13.5 |   0.5
Switzerland |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   0.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Lao PDR living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 67.2 | 53.3 |  60.3 | 75.3 | 62.6 |  68.8
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.5 | 11.0 |   9.6 |  8.8 | 10.4 |   9.5
Participation rate (%) | 73.4 | 59.9 |  66.8 | 82.5 | 69.9 |  76.1
Total employed (thousands) | 84.7 | 64.9 | 149.6 | 87.5 | 75.7 | 163.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 77.8 | 70.5 |  74.7 | 87.5 | 78.4 |  83.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.1 |  7.2 |   5.9 |  4.3 |  6.7 |   5.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  46.9 |   .. |   .. |  44.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 16.4 | 11.2 |  27.6 | 23.4 | 18.3 |  41.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  18.4 | 20.7 | 21.8 |  23.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   7.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   8.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  78.2 | 77.7 | 75.9 |  73.8
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   3.4 |  1.6 |  2.3 |   3.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 37.3 | +44.3 | United States |  77.0 | -20.2
France |  7.7 | +14.1 | France |  19.6 |  -4.1
Canada |  4.2 | +53.2 | Canada |   5.4 | -25.1
Australia |  1.9 | +31.3 | Australia |   3.6 | -21.5
United Kingdom |  0.3 | +57.9 | Japan |   0.5 | +23.0
Total | 52.0 | +38.9 | Total | 107.6 | -17.7

International students from the Lao PDR in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Japan | 251 | 275 | 246
Australia | 162 | 163 | 180
France | 104 | 102 | 106
Korea |  35 |  47 |  63
United States |  69 |  63 |  42
Total | 694 | 734 | 723

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (949, 0%), JPN (847, 0%), KOR (231, 0%), AUS (142, 0%), FRA (127, 0%), DEU (58, 0%), CAN (25, 0%), ITA (13, 0%), NZL (12, 0%), SWE (12, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 10 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  2
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (44%), Japan (14%), Viet Nam (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270921

Malaysia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 29.7 |  |  | Malaysia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 62/187 | 5/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 10 538 |  |  | GDP per capita | 67/209 | 6/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 150/203 | 23/36
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 2.27 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 116/144 | 17/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 26%; “15-64”: 69%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Malaysia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 141.5 | 165.9 | 307.4 | 131.9 | 161.3 | 293.2 | .. | .. | .. | 214.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  28.0 |  32.9 |  60.9 | .. | .. | .. |  35.7
15-24 (%) |  18.9 |  15.2 |  16.9 |  18.6 |  14.8 |  16.5 | .. | .. | .. |  21.2
25-64 (%) |  73.1 |  75.7 |  74.5 |  72.8 |  76.4 |  74.8 | .. | .. | .. |  73.5
65+ (%) |   8.0 |   9.1 |   8.6 |   8.6 |   8.8 |   8.7 | .. | .. | .. |   5.3
Low educated (%) |  11.8 |  13.8 |  12.9 |  11.6 |  13.9 |  12.9 | .. | .. | .. |  19.4
Highly educated (%) |  59.1 |  58.4 |  58.7 |  60.3 |  58.6 |  59.4 | .. | .. | .. |  50.2
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.4 |   1.5 |   1.5 |   1.3 |   1.5 |   1.4 | .. | .. | .. |   1.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   5.3 |   5.3 |   5.3 |   5.1 |   5.3 |   5.2 | .. | .. | .. |   6.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Australia | 109.8 | 35.7 | 22.4 | 54.9 | 59.7 | 17.9 | 75.1
United Kingdom |  66.1 | 21.5 | 32.6 | 56.2 | 60.0 | 18.6 | 47.5
United States |  58.4 | 19.0 | 13.2 | 53.6 | 59.1 | 12.5 | 47.8
Canada |  22.5 |  7.3 |  8.7 | 55.1 | 63.2 |  7.7 | 20.6
New Zealand |  15.2 |  5.0 | 19.4 | 54.3 | 52.8 | 17.8 | 10.7
Thailand |   8.7 |  2.8 |   .. | 28.6 | 46.0 |   .. |   ..
Japan |   5.2 |  1.7 |   .. | 48.5 | 29.7 | 32.5 |  5.5
Ireland |   3.5 |  1.1 | 44.7 | 50.3 | 48.1 | 23.6 |  2.0
Egypt |   2.4 |  0.8 |   .. | 35.3 |  6.7 | 83.6 |   ..
Switzerland |   2.4 |  0.8 | 29.5 | 73.3 | 45.9 |  6.1 |  1.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Malaysia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 69.8 | 59.2 |  64.1 | 72.3 | 61.8 |  66.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.3 |  6.2 |   6.2 |  6.3 |  6.5 |   6.4
Participation rate (%) | 74.5 | 63.1 |  68.3 | 77.1 | 66.1 |  71.1
Total employed (thousands) | 65.1 | 64.2 | 129.3 | 86.5 | 90.5 | 177.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 80.5 | 71.5 |  75.8 | 82.9 | 71.1 |  76.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.3 |  4.3 |   4.3 |  4.7 |  5.3 |   5.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  20.9 |   .. |   .. |  22.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 38.5 | 36.6 |  75.1 | 59.4 | 61.9 | 121.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  57.5 | 63.8 | 60.7 |  62.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |  12.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   5.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  38.1 | 31.6 | 35.1 |  33.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   4.4 |  4.6 |  4.2 |   4.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Australia |  65.6 | +88.1 | United Kingdom | 10.5 |  +30.6
United Kingdom |  39.6 | +62.9 | Australia |  9.8 |  -40.1
United States |  34.5 | +41.1 | United States |  7.3 |   -5.5
Canada |  14.2 | +35.3 | New Zealand |  2.6 | +269.5
New Zealand |   8.0 | +89.6 | Canada |  2.4 |  -37.9
Total | 169.5 | +66.2 | Total | 36.8 |   -6.8

International students from Malaysia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Australia | 18 576 | 19 578 | 17 001
United Kingdom | 11 727 | 12 453 | 12 822
United States |  5 434 |  6 135 |  6 531
Japan |  2 012 |  2 271 |  2 400
New Zealand |  1 942 |  2 143 |  1 945
Total | 43 387 | 46 858 | 45 364

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (6 000, 1%), AUS (5 380, 2%), USA (2 605, 0%), JPN (2 504, 0%), KOR (715, 0%), DEU (652, 0%), NZL (621, 1%), CAN (440, 0%), CHE (261, 0%), NLD (249, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 6 | 11 | 16 | 7 |  6
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 55
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (20%), Singapore (12%), United Kingdom (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270951

Myanmar

Total population 2013 (millions) | 53.3 |  |  | Myanmar compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 150/187 | 28/31
GDP per capita (current USD) | .. |  |  | GDP per capita | 206/209 | 37/38
GDP growth (annual, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate | 194/203 | 34/36
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 141/144 | 24/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 25%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Myanmar living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 825.9 | 719.0 | 1 544.9 | 62.5 | 62.3 | 124.9 | .. | .. | .. | 61.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. | 22.4 | 22.4 |  44.8 | .. | .. | .. |  9.9
15-24 (%) |  31.0 |  35.2 |    33.0 | 14.8 | 15.2 |  15.0 | .. | .. | .. |  7.5
25-64 (%) |  67.2 |  62.6 |    65.1 | 72.9 | 70.9 |  71.9 | .. | .. | .. | 75.3
65+ (%) |   1.8 |   2.2 |     2.0 | 12.4 | 14.0 |  13.2 | .. | .. | .. | 17.2
Low educated (%) |  84.3 |  82.6 |    83.5 | 36.9 | 40.4 |  38.6 | .. | .. | .. | 27.0
Highly educated (%) |   7.0 |   7.8 |     7.4 | 35.9 | 34.3 |  35.1 | .. | .. | .. | 44.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.2 |   3.5 |     3.9 |  0.3 |  0.3 |   0.3 | .. | .. | .. |  0.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   1.6 |   2.3 |     1.8 |  1.3 |  1.8 |   1.5 | .. | .. | .. |  1.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Thailand | 1 382.6 | 89.5 |   .. | 46.8 |  0.7 | 35.1 | 94.4
United States |    70.1 |  4.5 | 36.1 | 48.4 | 35.1 | 15.3 | 31.6
Malaysia |    36.3 |  2.3 |   .. | 26.2 |  2.3 | 11.5 |  7.3
Australia |    20.5 |  1.3 | 39.1 | 51.7 | 28.2 | 14.8 | 10.5
United Kingdom |    11.9 |  0.8 | 22.4 | 52.7 | 50.3 |  7.8 |  9.8
Canada |     7.5 |  0.5 | 45.1 | 51.3 | 39.6 | 14.8 |  3.6
Japan |     4.6 |  0.3 |   .. | 46.9 | 29.5 | 16.3 |  3.5
Norway |     2.3 |  0.2 | 80.3 | 48.3 | 12.4 | 24.7 |  0.1
New Zealand |     1.9 |  0.1 | 40.7 | 50.2 | 16.6 | 18.5 |  0.6
Denmark |     1.2 |  0.1 | 63.5 | 41.4 |  5.1 | 19.9 |  0.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Myanmar living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 75.0 | 58.1 | 66.7 | 70.0 | 51.5 | 60.8
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.5 |  5.9 |  5.6 |  9.8 |  9.5 |  9.7
Participation rate (%) | 79.3 | 61.8 | 70.6 | 77.6 | 56.9 | 67.3
Total employed (thousands) | 19.1 | 14.5 | 33.6 | 37.5 | 27.2 | 64.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 82.5 | 68.4 | 75.7 | 83.7 | 70.7 | 77.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.2 |  4.7 |  4.4 |  5.7 |  6.3 |  6.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 39.1 |   .. |   .. | 40.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  9.8 |  7.5 | 17.3 | 15.3 | 13.0 | 28.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 40.6 | 29.9 | 34.5 | 31.4
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 15.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 54.0 | 64.4 | 59.9 | 62.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  5.4 |  5.7 |  5.6 |  6.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 24.6 | +61.2 | United States | 27.1 | +252.7
United Kingdom |  6.0 | +99.8 | Australia |  7.2 | +122.2
Australia |  5.8 | +88.3 | United Kingdom |  3.4 |  +23.7
Canada |  3.0 | +68.8 | Canada |  3.0 | +218.6
Japan |  1.3 |  +4.0 | Norway |  1.6 |     ..
Total | 42.1 | +67.2 | Total | 46.3 | +202.8

International students from Myanmar in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Japan |   829 | 1 011 | 1 139
United States |   605 |   689 |   782
Australia |   356 |   590 |   641
United Kingdom |   234 |   263 |   295
Korea |    82 |   144 |   192
Total | 2 281 | 2 936 | 3 341

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (17 383, 1%), KOR (4 148, 1%), AUS (2 622, 1%), JPN (1 532, 0%), DEU (411, 0%), NZL (385, 0%), NOR (340, 0%), CAN (145, 0%), FIN (110, 0%), SWE (54, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 4 | 7 | 5 | 4 |  5
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (30%), Singapore (22%), South Korea (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270940

Nepal

Total population 2013 (millions) | 27.8 |  |  | Nepal compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 145/187 | 26/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 694 |  |  | GDP per capita | 168/209 | 31/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 163/203 | 27/36
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 55.95 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 80/144 | 11/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 35%; “15-64”: 60%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Nepal living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 129.0 | 77.2 | 206.1 | 86.0 | 66.6 | 152.5 | .. | .. | .. | 23.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |   .. |    .. | 45.8 | 35.9 |  81.6 | .. | .. | .. |  8.7
15-24 (%) |  22.1 | 27.6 |  24.1 | 25.4 | 26.6 |  25.9 | .. | .. | .. | 24.0
25-64 (%) |  76.6 | 71.2 |  74.5 | 72.9 | 72.1 |  72.5 | .. | .. | .. | 75.0
65+ (%) |   1.3 |  1.3 |   1.3 |  1.7 |  1.3 |   1.6 | .. | .. | .. |  1.0
Low educated (%) |  33.7 | 26.3 |  31.0 | 18.4 | 26.0 |  21.7 | .. | .. | .. | 22.8
Highly educated (%) |  36.6 | 37.8 |  37.0 | 49.9 | 40.7 |  45.8 | .. | .. | .. | 41.9
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.5 |  0.9 |   1.2 |  1.0 |  0.8 |   0.9 | .. | .. | .. |  0.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   8.2 | 12.3 |   9.3 |  7.5 | 11.9 |   8.8 | .. | .. | .. |  2.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 49.5 | 24.0 | 43.6 | 43.8 | 48.0 | 27.1 | 11.0
United Kingdom | 46.3 | 22.5 | 74.7 | 43.9 | 38.7 | 28.8 |  5.2
Malaysia | 29.3 | 14.2 |   .. |  0.3 |  1.3 | 10.3 |   ..
Australia | 23.0 | 11.1 | 75.4 | 40.5 | 61.7 | 28.2 |  2.2
Thailand | 10.5 |  5.1 |   .. | 40.2 | 24.8 | 42.5 |   ..
Japan |  7.7 |  3.7 |   .. | 29.8 | 19.4 | 20.5 |  2.4
Canada |  6.8 |  3.3 | 57.7 | 48.6 | 61.4 | 25.5 |  1.0
Israel |  5.4 |  2.6 | 79.3 | 83.8 | 15.4 |   .. |   ..
Belgium |  2.7 |  1.3 | 48.3 | 37.1 | 10.4 | 16.0 |  0.2
Denmark |  1.4 |  0.7 | 88.7 | 32.0 | 16.2 | 31.2 |  0.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Nepal living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 75.0 | 54.3 | 67.9 | 75.5 | 62.2 |  69.7
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.4 |  8.7 |  6.3 |  6.9 | 10.1 |   8.2
Participation rate (%) | 79.3 | 59.5 | 72.5 | 81.1 | 69.2 |  75.9
Total employed (thousands) | 11.6 |  4.4 | 16.0 | 62.0 | 40.0 | 102.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 78.2 | 59.6 | 72.4 | 83.4 | 69.4 |  77.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.7 |  9.0 |  5.8 |  6.3 | 10.3 |   7.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 46.7 |   .. |   .. |  58.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  5.0 |  1.7 |  6.7 | 33.2 | 17.8 |  51.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 28.5 | 29.8 | 23.2 |  27.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  10.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   9.2
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 64.9 | 51.5 | 59.8 |  54.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  6.6 | 18.7 | 17.0 |  18.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 23.7 |   +354.9 | United Kingdom | 14.2 | +636.5
United Kingdom | 17.9 | +1 310.3 | United States |  7.9 | +384.4
Australia | 14.2 | +1 153.6 | Israel |  1.9 |     ..
Canada |  4.2 |   +781.0 | Canada |  1.1 | +397.8
Japan |  1.5 |    +98.7 | Australia |  1.0 | +246.6
Total | 66.0 |   +605.3 | Total | 31.3 | +514.4

International students from Nepal in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  8 946 | 11 134 |  9 319
Australia |  3 314 |  4 986 |  6 380
Japan |  1 311 |  1 641 |  2 035
United Kingdom |    646 |  1 121 |  1 613
Finland |    245 |    615 |    976
Total | 15 799 | 21 534 | 22 566

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (11 312, 1%), KOR (6 894, 2%), JPN (4 839, 1%), AUS (2 534, 1%), GBR (2 000, 0%), CAN (1 310, 0%), DEU (800, 0%), ESP (669, 0%), PRT (527, 1%), FIN (386, 1%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 14 | 24 | 30 | 17 | 18
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 18
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (37%), India (8%), United Kingdom (7%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270968

Pakistan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 182.1 |  |  | Pakistan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 146/187 | 27/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 275 |  |  | GDP per capita | 150/209 | 28/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 159/203 | 25/36
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 50.67 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 99/144 | 14/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 34%; “15-64”: 62%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Pakistan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 716.4 | 527.9 | 1 244.4 | 669.6 | 514.4 | 1 183.9 | .. | .. | .. | 669.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. | 147.6 | 105.4 |   253.0 | .. | .. | .. | 140.2
15-24 (%) |  14.2 |  13.6 |    14.0 |  14.3 |  13.7 |    14.0 | .. | .. | .. |  14.6
25-64 (%) |  79.9 |  79.2 |    79.6 |  79.5 |  79.0 |    79.3 | .. | .. | .. |  79.3
65+ (%) |   5.9 |   7.1 |     6.4 |   6.2 |   7.3 |     6.7 | .. | .. | .. |   6.1
Low educated (%) |  34.9 |  40.4 |    37.2 |  35.1 |  40.5 |    37.4 | .. | .. | .. |  45.7
Highly educated (%) |  39.8 |  36.1 |    38.3 |  40.8 |  36.1 |    38.8 | .. | .. | .. |  31.8
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.2 |   1.0 |     1.1 |   1.1 |   0.9 |     1.0 | .. | .. | .. |   0.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   6.4 |   7.2 |     6.7 |   6.1 |   7.0 |     6.5 | .. | .. | .. |   3.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 476.5 | 38.3 | 23.3 | 47.8 | 35.2 | 10.6 | 301.9
United States | 286.5 | 23.0 | 11.3 | 45.6 | 52.4 | 15.3 | 197.2
Canada | 141.0 | 11.3 | 19.3 | 48.3 | 59.6 | 19.0 |  68.0
Italy |  50.2 |  4.0 | 35.5 | 33.2 |  6.8 | 21.7 |  11.8
Germany |  39.3 |  3.2 | 12.8 | 34.1 | 10.6 | 10.6 |    ..
Greece |  31.9 |  2.6 | 52.4 |  3.4 |  2.4 | 21.6 |  10.8
Spain |  31.7 |  2.5 | 43.6 | 24.8 |  8.5 | 22.3 |   9.7
Australia |  26.4 |  2.1 | 38.5 | 40.4 | 56.9 | 18.0 |   9.9
France |  17.5 |  1.4 | 17.9 | 38.4 | 14.9 | 12.7 |  10.8
Malaysia |  17.0 |  1.4 |   .. | 11.4 | 14.8 |  4.4 |   7.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Pakistan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  71.3 | 26.8 |  52.1 |  71.4 |  29.3 |  53.2
Unemployment rate (%) |   9.8 | 14.4 |  10.9 |  12.2 |  18.2 |  13.7
Participation rate (%) |  79.1 | 31.3 |  58.4 |  81.3 |  35.8 |  61.7
Total employed (thousands) | 254.7 | 72.6 | 327.3 | 444.4 | 138.7 | 583.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  80.6 | 45.1 |  67.3 |  81.3 |  42.7 |  65.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.3 | 10.4 |   7.3 |   7.6 |  14.2 |   9.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  40.3 |    .. |    .. |  44.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  99.3 | 33.0 | 132.3 | 205.4 |  75.4 | 280.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  34.7 |  32.6 |  41.0 |  34.3
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.1
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  55.8 |  54.3 |  49.8 |  53.5
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   9.5 |  13.1 |   9.2 |  12.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 167.7 | +222.6 | United Kingdom | 222.2 |  +18.1
United States | 150.0 |  +49.5 | United States |  48.7 |  +20.7
Canada |  84.0 | +147.3 | Italy |  35.4 | +296.0
Australia |  15.0 | +231.3 | Greece |  25.3 | +287.8
Germany |   4.2 |     .. | Germany |  22.5 |     ..
Total | 451.6 | +122.8 | Total | 436.1 |  +49.5

International students from Pakistan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  9 303 |  9 754 |  8 784
United States |  5 351 |  5 176 |  4 455
Australia |  2 482 |  3 078 |  3 762
Canada |  1 342 |  1 560 |  1 929
Sweden |  1 303 |  3 044 |  1 854
Total | 23 327 | 27 384 | 26 507

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (19 000, 5%), USA (14 740, 1%), ESP (12 002, 3%), CAN (9 930, 3%), ITA (8 754, 2%), DEU (6 513, 0%), AUS (4 294, 1%), KOR (2 060, 0%), JPN (1 345, 0%), FRA (1 080, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 8 | 15 | 26 | 17 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 13
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 50
Three main desired countries of destination: Saudi Arabia (42%), United Arab Emirates (13%), United Kingdom (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270971

Papua New Guinea

Total population 2013 (millions) | 7.3 |  |  | Papua New Guinea compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 157/187 | 29/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 2 105 |  |  | GDP per capita | 134/209 | 22/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 168/203 | 28/36
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 26/144 | 4/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 38%; “15-64”: 59%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Papua New Guinea living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 13.9 | 18.1 | 32.0 | 13.9 | 18.0 | 31.9 | .. | .. | .. | 25.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.3 |  1.4 |  2.7 | .. | .. | .. |  2.3
15-24 (%) | 12.2 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 11.5 | .. | .. | .. | 18.8
25-64 (%) | 82.4 | 83.2 | 82.9 | 82.5 | 83.2 | 82.9 | .. | .. | .. | 77.0
65+ (%) |  5.4 |  5.9 |  5.7 |  5.4 |  5.9 |  5.6 | .. | .. | .. |  4.1
Low educated (%) | 14.3 | 23.7 | 19.6 | 14.3 | 23.7 | 19.6 | .. | .. | .. | 30.1
Highly educated (%) | 41.2 | 41.8 | 41.5 | 41.1 | 41.8 | 41.5 | .. | .. | .. | 33.5
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.6 |  0.9 |  0.8 |  0.6 |  0.9 |  0.8 | .. | .. | .. |  0.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 16.3 | 25.6 | 20.5 | 16.3 | 25.6 | 20.5 | .. | .. | .. | 16.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Australia | 25.0 | 78.0 |  9.0 | 55.6 | 37.1 |  9.4 | 21.8
United States |  3.3 | 10.2 |   .. | 57.2 | 48.0 | 27.8 |  1.5
New Zealand |  1.2 |  3.8 | 23.3 | 53.6 | 41.5 | 17.0 |  1.0
United Kingdom |  1.1 |  3.3 | 22.9 | 52.1 | 60.1 | 15.8 |  0.9
Netherlands |  0.6 |  1.8 |   .. | 95.2 | 33.8 |   .. |   ..
Switzerland |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.1
Canada |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.3
Italy |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.0
Japan |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Spain |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Papua New Guinea living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 73.3 | 60.5 | 66.3 | 78.4 | 66.7 | 71.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  9.5 |  8.1 |  8.8 |  6.6 |  6.1 |  6.3
Participation rate (%) | 81.0 | 65.8 | 72.7 | 83.9 | 71.1 | 76.7
Total employed (thousands) |  8.3 |  8.2 | 16.4 |  9.3 | 10.1 | 19.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 85.2 | 75.8 | 80.0 | 87.8 | 77.8 | 82.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.9 |  5.0 |  4.9 |  4.1 |  3.9 |  4.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 22.1 |   .. |   .. | 24.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  3.0 |  3.3 |  6.3 |  4.1 |  4.7 |  8.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.4 | 49.9 | 51.5 | 50.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 42.7 | 43.7 | 42.5 | 43.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  9.9 |  6.4 |  5.9 |  6.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Australia |  9.3 |  +44.0 | Australia | 4.5 |  -31.8
United States |  1.6 | +114.9 | United States | 0.4 | +109.1
United Kingdom |  0.6 |  +51.2 | New Zealand | 0.4 | +262.9
New Zealand |  0.5 |  +67.3 | Netherlands | 0.2 |     ..
Netherlands |  0.2 |     .. | Switzerland | 0.2 | +691.3
Total | 12.6 |  +55.3 | Total | 5.9 |  -18.4

International students from Papua New Guinea in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Australia | 644 | 675 | 745
New Zealand |  83 |  84 | 143
United States |  35 |  52 |  58
Japan |  25 |  23 |  18
United Kingdom |  17 |  29 |  15
Total | 814 | 870 | 994

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): AUS (591, 0%), JPN (143, 0%), NZL (22, 0%), USA (21, 0%), CAN (10, 0%), DEU (6, 0%), KOR (3, 0%), ITA (3, 0%), ESP (2, 0%), ISL (2, 0%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270999

Philippines

Total population 2013 (millions) | 98.4 |  |  | Philippines compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 117/187 | 15/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 2 765 |  |  | GDP per capita | 130/209 | 20/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 98/203 | 13/36
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 41.72 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 86/144 | 12/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 34%; “15-64”: 62%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Philippines living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 291.4 | 2 149.3 | 3 440.7 | 1 141.4 | 1 872.3 | 3 013.7 | .. | .. | .. | 1 938.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   170.4 |   275.4 |   445.8 | .. | .. | .. |   276.6
15-24 (%) |    14.1 |     8.7 |    10.8 |    12.6 |     8.0 |     9.7 | .. | .. | .. |    11.3
25-64 (%) |    75.3 |    80.6 |    78.6 |    75.9 |    80.0 |    78.4 | .. | .. | .. |    78.6
65+ (%) |    10.6 |    10.7 |    10.6 |    11.5 |    12.0 |    11.8 | .. | .. | .. |    10.1
Low educated (%) |    20.3 |    18.4 |    19.1 |    12.2 |    13.8 |    13.2 | .. | .. | .. |    17.7
Highly educated (%) |    44.5 |    48.5 |    47.0 |    49.3 |    54.1 |    52.3 | .. | .. | .. |    46.6
Total emigration rates (%) |     4.1 |     6.7 |     5.4 |     3.6 |     5.8 |     4.8 | .. | .. | .. |     3.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     6.3 |     9.9 |     8.3 |     6.2 |     9.6 |     8.1 | .. | .. | .. |     6.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 818.5 | 52.8 |  9.7 | 59.4 | 54.1 |  8.7 | 1 356.7
Canada |   461.7 | 13.4 | 29.7 | 60.2 | 65.9 | 11.4 |   224.1
Malaysia |   263.5 |  7.7 |   .. | 50.2 |  1.6 | 27.0 |   112.5
Australia |   154.9 |  4.5 | 23.6 | 63.7 | 47.1 | 11.7 |    94.6
Japan |   132.1 |  3.8 |   .. | 81.9 | 22.2 | 14.5 |    87.6
United Kingdom |   116.1 |  3.4 | 37.1 | 66.1 | 56.3 | 10.9 |    38.1
Italy |   102.4 |  3.0 | 24.1 | 61.4 | 16.6 |  9.4 |    46.4
Germany |    41.8 |  1.2 |  7.7 | 86.2 | 23.6 |  4.0 |      ..
New Zealand |    31.5 |  0.9 | 41.7 | 58.4 | 47.7 | 16.7 |     8.6
Spain |    30.1 |  0.9 | 33.8 | 62.8 | 26.5 | 10.1 |    15.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Philippines living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  75.3 |  67.9 |    70.7 |  78.9 |    73.0 |    75.3
Unemployment rate (%) |   5.3 |   4.5 |     4.8 |   7.0 |     6.0 |     6.4
Participation rate (%) |  79.4 |  71.1 |    74.3 |  84.8 |    77.7 |    80.4
Total employed (thousands) | 502.8 | 727.5 | 1 230.3 | 787.8 | 1 190.6 | 1 978.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  82.3 |  75.6 |    78.0 |  85.7 |    80.3 |    82.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.6 |   3.2 |     3.4 |   5.1 |     4.6 |     4.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |    46.2 |    .. |      .. |    47.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 246.1 | 398.5 |   644.6 | 421.2 |   714.9 | 1 136.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    34.6 |  33.2 |    38.5 |    36.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |      .. |    29.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |      .. |     5.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    59.6 |  58.4 |    52.5 |    54.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |     5.8 |   8.4 |     8.9 |     9.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |   984.3 |  +49.2 | United States | 178.6 | -11.1
Canada |   304.3 | +147.3 | Italy |  49.9 | +94.2
Australia |    72.9 | +101.5 | Canada |  37.7 | +22.5
United Kingdom |    65.4 | +264.5 | United Kingdom |  21.3 | +87.2
Japan |    29.3 |  +35.5 | Japan |  18.9 | +23.6
Total | 1 545.2 |  +73.8 | Total | 389.6 | +15.6

International students from the Philippines in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 4 174 | 3 781 | 3 094
Australia | 1 019 | 1 596 | 2 374
United Kingdom |   663 | 1 772 | 1 306
Japan |   594 |   614 |   632
New Zealand |   246 |   277 |   429
Total | 7 827 | 9 839 | 9 695

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (57 327, 5%), CAN (32 745, 12%), JPN (15 412, 5%), AUS (12 785, 5%), ITA (9 893, 3%), KOR (9 858, 3%), DEU (4 724, 0%), NZL (3 268, 8%), NOR (2 490, 3%), ESP (2 461, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 23 | 29 | 16 | 18
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 38
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (46%), Canada (13%), Japan (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270988

Singapore

Total population 2013 (millions) | 5.4 |  |  | Singapore compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 9/187 | 1/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 55 182 |  |  | GDP per capita | 9/209 | 2/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 120/203 | 16/36
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 74/144 | 10/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 16%; “15-64”: 74%; “65+”: 10% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Singapore living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 79.1 | 84.2 | 163.3 | 60.9 | 75.8 | 136.7 | .. | .. | .. | 106.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 11.2 | 13.9 |  25.1 | .. | .. | .. |  19.9
15-24 (%) | 15.0 | 15.6 |  15.3 | 18.2 | 16.2 |  17.1 | .. | .. | .. |  18.0
25-64 (%) | 77.7 | 76.1 |  76.9 | 75.2 | 76.1 |  75.7 | .. | .. | .. |  77.2
65+ (%) |  7.3 |  8.3 |   7.8 |  6.6 |  7.7 |   7.2 | .. | .. | .. |   4.8
Low educated (%) | 13.4 | 18.5 |  16.1 | 12.1 | 14.4 |  13.4 | .. | .. | .. |  20.7
Highly educated (%) | 49.1 | 50.2 |  49.6 | 57.0 | 54.8 |  55.8 | .. | .. | .. |  45.5
Total emigration rates (%) |  3.7 |  3.8 |   3.8 |  2.9 |  3.4 |   3.2 | .. | .. | .. |   3.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  9.2 | 11.1 |  10.1 |  8.3 | 10.9 |   9.5 | .. | .. | .. |   9.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Australia | 43.0 | 26.4 | 22.5 | 55.5 | 54.4 | 21.2 | 30.4
United Kingdom | 40.0 | 24.5 | 15.2 | 54.1 | 47.3 | 11.6 | 38.5
United States | 28.1 | 17.2 | 23.7 | 55.8 | 64.4 | 17.2 | 20.4
Malaysia | 23.0 | 14.1 |   .. | 32.4 | 10.9 |  3.2 | 43.4
Canada | 10.4 |  6.4 | 11.2 | 53.5 | 67.8 | 14.9 |  8.9
New Zealand |  4.7 |  2.8 | 14.0 | 57.8 | 50.4 | 17.9 |  3.3
Thailand |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Netherlands |  2.1 |  1.3 |  2.7 | 66.2 | 43.2 | 12.7 |   ..
France |  1.7 |  1.0 | 27.6 | 60.7 | 54.6 | 23.3 |  1.1
Switzerland |  1.5 |  0.9 | 21.4 | 41.1 | 52.8 | 55.1 |  0.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Singapore living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 68.8 | 56.9 | 62.3 | 71.1 | 61.0 | 65.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.6 |  6.1 |  5.9 |  5.8 |  6.8 |  6.3
Participation rate (%) | 72.9 | 60.7 | 66.3 | 75.5 | 65.4 | 69.9
Total employed (thousands) | 31.7 | 31.3 | 62.9 | 40.2 | 42.4 | 82.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 75.9 | 64.4 | 69.8 | 81.6 | 69.7 | 75.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.2 |  4.7 |  4.4 |  4.4 |  5.9 |  5.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 21.3 |   .. |   .. | 20.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 16.1 | 15.4 | 31.5 | 26.1 | 26.9 | 53.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 55.7 | 65.8 | 59.1 | 62.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 39.1 | 30.0 | 37.6 | 33.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  5.2 |  4.2 |  3.3 |  3.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Australia | 23.4 | +83.2 | United Kingdom |  7.7 |  -23.4
United Kingdom | 18.9 | +37.9 | Australia |  4.3 |  -35.0
United States | 18.1 | +52.8 | United States |  2.1 |  +23.2
Canada |  7.1 | +47.9 | New Zealand |  1.1 | +373.0
New Zealand |  2.3 | +82.5 | Canada |  0.8 |  -40.5
Total | 74.7 | +61.2 | Total | 17.9 |  -14.8

International students from Singapore in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Australia |  9 654 | 10 086 |  9 379
United Kingdom |  2 898 |  3 702 |  5 253
United States |  3 980 |  4 015 |  4 363
Canada |    355 |    345 |    312
New Zealand |    188 |    190 |    240
Total | 17 665 | 19 228 | 20 641

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (4 000, 1%), AUS (1 786, 0%), USA (712, 0%), KOR (630, 0%), JPN (473, 0%), DEU (464, 0%), CAN (350, 0%), NLD (290, 0%), NZL (201, 0%), CHE (193, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 11 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  4
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 45
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (27%), United States (9%), Malaysia (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271000

Sri Lanka

Total population 2013 (millions) | 20.5 |  |  | Sri Lanka compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 73/187 | 6/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 280 |  |  | GDP per capita | 122/209 | 17/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 113/203 | 15/36
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 23.85 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 96/144 | 13/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 25%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 8% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Sri Lanka living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 309.8 | 284.4 | 594.3 | 303.4 | 275.1 | 578.5 | .. | .. | .. | 317.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  54.8 |  54.3 | 109.1 | .. | .. | .. |  57.2
15-24 (%) |  10.8 |  10.1 |  10.5 |  10.6 |  10.2 |  10.4 | .. | .. | .. |  14.9
25-64 (%) |  82.5 |  81.0 |  81.8 |  82.5 |  80.7 |  81.7 | .. | .. | .. |  78.4
65+ (%) |   6.8 |   8.9 |   7.8 |   6.9 |   9.1 |   7.9 | .. | .. | .. |   6.7
Low educated (%) |  31.0 |  33.0 |  32.0 |  31.1 |  32.4 |  31.7 | .. | .. | .. |  35.0
Highly educated (%) |  36.6 |  33.3 |  35.0 |  36.5 |  33.9 |  35.3 | .. | .. | .. |  28.2
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.9 |   3.5 |   3.7 |   3.8 |   3.4 |   3.6 | .. | .. | .. |   2.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   8.2 |   5.7 |   6.8 |   8.0 |   5.6 |   6.7 | .. | .. | .. |   4.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Canada | 130.2 | 21.9 | 14.5 | 50.2 | 40.5 | 10.4 | 83.4
United Kingdom | 123.5 | 20.8 | 27.4 | 46.2 | 46.9 | 10.1 | 63.8
Australia |  80.1 | 13.5 | 23.6 | 49.0 | 52.9 |  9.8 | 49.7
Italy |  57.4 |  9.6 | 30.5 | 44.2 |  4.4 |  9.4 | 21.9
United States |  41.2 |  6.9 | 17.2 | 47.6 | 56.4 | 11.2 | 24.2
Germany |  41.0 |  6.9 |  7.2 | 47.3 |  6.3 |  4.9 |   ..
France |  36.8 |  6.2 | 12.6 | 48.0 | 12.4 | 13.0 | 22.3
Switzerland |  17.9 |  3.0 |  6.2 | 41.6 |  9.3 |  9.7 | 20.2
Netherlands |   9.5 |  1.6 |  3.4 | 44.6 | 16.6 | 30.1 |   ..
New Zealand |   8.7 |  1.5 | 28.0 | 48.0 | 47.7 | 14.8 |  5.3

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Sri Lanka living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  75.7 | 49.9 |  63.8 |  77.7 |  53.3 |  66.3
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.0 | 14.6 |  10.5 |   8.2 |  13.3 |  10.2
Participation rate (%) |  82.2 | 58.4 |  71.3 |  84.6 |  61.5 |  73.8
Total employed (thousands) | 120.3 | 67.5 | 187.8 | 218.6 | 132.8 | 351.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.1 | 66.9 |  76.8 |  85.8 |  66.4 |  76.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.9 |  8.9 |   7.0 |   5.6 |  10.5 |   7.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  32.7 |    .. |    .. |  37.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  38.4 | 22.3 |  60.8 |  85.2 |  56.7 | 141.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  34.2 |  36.6 |  36.0 |  33.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.3
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  50.1 |  41.8 |  43.3 |  45.3
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  15.6 |  21.6 |  20.7 |  21.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom |  57.9 | +181.9 | Italy |  35.0 | +141.9
Canada |  52.7 | +150.3 | United Kingdom |  31.4 | +107.5
Australia |  42.4 | +129.1 | Germany |  29.1 |     ..
United States |  23.2 |  +74.5 | Canada |  27.4 |   -7.7
France |   4.6 | +103.7 | France |  21.5 |  +61.8
Total | 199.6 | +138.7 | Total | 179.5 |  +73.1

International students from Sri Lanka in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  3 141 |  3 904 |  3 516
Australia |  4 073 |  4 153 |  3 423
United States |  2 594 |  2 931 |  2 811
Japan |  1 197 |    929 |    752
New Zealand |    151 |    292 |    628
Total | 12 224 | 13 417 | 12 458

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ITA (7 138, 2%), AUS (6 146, 2%), KOR (4 675, 1%), GBR (4 000, 1%), CAN (3 150, 1%), FRA (2 474, 1%), USA (1 994, 0%), JPN (1 472, 0%), DEU (1 248, 0%), CHE (515, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 14 | 26 | 24 | 14 | 16
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 59
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (17%), United Kingdom (12%), Italy (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270938

Thailand

Total population 2013 (millions) | 67.0 |  |  | Thailand compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 89/187 | 8/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 5 779 |  |  | GDP per capita | 94/209 | 9/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 162/203 | 26/36
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 3.50 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 133/144 | 21/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 72%; “65+”: 10% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Thailand living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 183.5 | 431.9 | 615.4 | 147.9 | 374.7 | 522.6 | .. | .. | .. | 270.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  22.7 |  82.9 | 105.7 | .. | .. | .. |  49.7
15-24 (%) |  27.9 |  13.1 |  17.5 |  27.6 |  12.1 |  16.5 | .. | .. | .. |  27.5
25-64 (%) |  68.9 |  83.9 |  79.4 |  68.9 |  84.8 |  80.3 | .. | .. | .. |  70.7
65+ (%) |   3.2 |   3.0 |   3.1 |   3.5 |   3.2 |   3.3 | .. | .. | .. |   1.8
Low educated (%) |  36.2 |  45.0 |  42.4 |  25.0 |  39.4 |  35.3 | .. | .. | .. |  37.1
Highly educated (%) |  29.4 |  26.4 |  27.3 |  35.3 |  30.0 |  31.5 | .. | .. | .. |  29.1
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.7 |   1.6 |   1.1 |   0.6 |   1.4 |   1.0 | .. | .. | .. |   0.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   2.0 |   3.3 |   2.8 |   2.0 |   3.3 |   2.7 | .. | .. | .. |   2.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 217.1 | 35.3 | 12.4 | 60.1 | 39.9 | 18.9 | 147.2
Germany |  63.6 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 87.8 |  8.5 | 11.9 |    ..
Malaysia |  51.3 |  8.3 |   .. | 59.8 |  1.5 |  8.8 |  32.5
Australia |  39.9 |  6.5 | 30.2 | 69.9 | 40.8 | 16.3 |  20.6
United Kingdom |  38.5 |  6.3 | 48.3 | 78.2 | 42.5 | 16.1 |  14.3
Japan |  28.1 |  4.6 |   .. | 78.5 | 17.8 | 13.5 |  22.5
Sweden |  26.4 |  4.3 | 47.8 | 83.3 | 17.8 | 16.5 |  12.1
Cambodia |  23.7 |  3.8 |   .. | 48.4 |  3.8 | 67.5 |  14.1
France |  15.1 |  2.5 | 22.7 | 69.7 | 28.3 | 16.1 |   8.0
Switzerland |  13.6 |  2.2 | 36.7 | 81.5 | 17.2 |  9.4 |   8.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Thailand living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 61.0 | 50.6 |  54.1 | 68.1 |  56.2 |  59.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.6 |  9.4 |   9.1 |  9.3 |  10.0 |   9.8
Participation rate (%) | 66.8 | 55.8 |  59.5 | 75.1 |  62.5 |  66.0
Total employed (thousands) | 54.2 | 88.7 | 142.9 | 95.4 | 201.8 | 297.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 70.9 | 59.8 |  64.3 | 77.9 |  63.3 |  67.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.6 |  5.8 |   5.3 |  5.3 |   7.6 |   6.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  46.4 |   .. |    .. |  52.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 21.0 | 26.2 |  47.1 | 37.3 |  65.8 | 103.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  26.5 | 29.5 |  24.0 |  25.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |    .. |   8.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |    .. |   7.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  66.6 | 65.2 |  58.5 |  60.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   6.9 |  5.3 |  17.5 |  14.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  86.7 |  +62.7 | United States |  45.3 |  +14.2
United Kingdom |  16.3 | +272.4 | Germany |  38.7 |     ..
Australia |  16.3 | +172.7 | United Kingdom |  13.3 | +120.5
Canada |   6.2 | +254.0 | Sweden |  12.0 | +122.0
Germany |   5.4 |     .. | Australia |   8.4 |  +11.4
Total | 156.9 | +110.8 | Total | 175.9 |  +85.5

International students from Thailand in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  9 014 |  8 455 |  7 386
United Kingdom |  4 181 |  5 348 |  6 098
Australia |  4 573 |  4 229 |  3 282
Japan |  1 975 |  2 419 |  2 476
France |    783 |    739 |    609
Total | 22 688 | 23 832 | 22 324

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): JPN (15 362, 5%), KOR (13 771, 4%), USA (9 459, 0%), GBR (4 000, 1%), DEU (3 256, 0%), AUS (2 657, 1%), SWE (2 331, 2%), NOR (1 286, 1%), FRA (873, 0%), CHE (857, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 3 | 7 | 7 | 2 |  4
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 92
Three main desired countries of destination: United Kingdom (19%), United States (15%), Japan (13%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271013

Tonga

Total population 2013 (millions) | 0.1 |  |  | Tonga compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 100/187 | 10/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 4 427 |  |  | GDP per capita | 104/209 | 10/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 15/203 | 6/36
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 5/144 | 1/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 37%; “15-64”: 57%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Tonga living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 25.9 | 24.3 | 50.3 | 25.3 | 23.8 | 49.1 | .. | .. | .. | 41.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.5 |  2.2 |  4.6 | .. | .. | .. |  6.4
15-24 (%) |  9.7 |  8.6 |  9.2 |  9.2 |  7.8 |  8.5 | .. | .. | .. | 13.1
25-64 (%) | 80.2 | 78.8 | 79.5 | 80.6 | 79.3 | 80.0 | .. | .. | .. | 79.0
65+ (%) | 10.1 | 12.6 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 12.9 | 11.5 | .. | .. | .. |  7.9
Low educated (%) | 40.3 | 37.7 | 39.1 | 40.5 | 37.9 | 39.2 | .. | .. | .. | 39.3
Highly educated (%) | 13.3 | 17.2 | 15.2 | 13.4 | 17.4 | 15.3 | .. | .. | .. | 10.6
Total emigration rates (%) | 44.3 | 42.8 | 43.6 | 43.7 | 42.2 | 43.0 | .. | .. | .. | 40.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 46.5 | 50.5 | 48.6 | 46.0 | 50.0 | 48.2 | .. | .. | .. | 42.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
New Zealand | 20.5 | 40.8 | 12.1 | 50.2 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 16.5
United States | 19.1 | 38.0 |  6.2 | 46.7 | 18.6 |  6.3 | 16.7
Australia |  8.9 | 17.8 | 12.9 | 48.5 | 12.6 |  6.0 |  7.3
Fiji |  1.1 |  2.2 |   .. | 47.2 | 11.1 | 36.1 |   ..
United Kingdom |  0.3 |  0.5 | 37.8 | 36.6 | 38.9 |  5.7 |  0.1
South Africa |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
France |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.2
Japan |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Italy |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.0
Philippines |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Tonga living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 67.6 | 48.8 | 58.3 | 66.2 | 53.3 | 60.1
Unemployment rate (%) | 10.4 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 13.4 | 12.2 | 12.9
Participation rate (%) | 75.4 | 55.8 | 65.8 | 76.5 | 60.7 | 68.9
Total employed (thousands) | 13.0 |  9.1 | 22.1 | 14.9 | 11.0 | 25.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 74.2 | 67.6 | 70.9 | 76.2 | 64.4 | 69.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.7 |  5.3 |  6.6 | 10.2 | 12.7 | 11.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 54.3 |   .. |   .. | 52.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.4 |  1.3 |  2.7 |  2.8 |  2.6 |  5.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 15.5 | 22.7 | 21.5 | 22.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 10.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 11.1
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 71.4 | 62.0 | 66.8 | 64.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 13.1 | 15.4 | 11.6 | 13.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 3.6 |  +82.7 | New Zealand | 11.3 | +122.6
New Zealand | 2.1 |  +69.8 | United States |  4.1 |  -27.7
Australia | 1.1 |  +76.0 | Australia |  2.1 |  -32.8
United Kingdom | 0.1 | +108.2 | United Kingdom |  0.1 |  +28.3
France | 0.0 |  -20.0 | France |  0.0 |  -35.9
Total | 6.9 |  +76.9 | Total | 17.7 |  +23.1

International students from the Tonga in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
New Zealand | 160 | 513 | 178
United States | 201 | 101 | 101
Australia |  58 |  56 |  54
Japan |  27 |  34 |  27
France |   3 |   3 |   8
Total | 456 | 713 | 376

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): NZL (724, 1%), USA (276, 0%), AUS (233, 0%), JPN (62, 0%), FRA (13, 0%), DEU (6, 0%), KOR (2, 0%), ITA (2, 0%), ESP (1, 0%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271022

Viet Nam

Total population 2013 (millions) | 89.7 |  |  | Viet Nam compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 121/187 | 16/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 911 |  |  | GDP per capita | 136/209 | 24/38
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 121/203 | 17/36
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 12.45 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 66/144 | 8/24
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 23%; “15-64”: 71%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Viet Nam living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 959.0 | 1 066.9 | 2 026.0 | 922.8 | 1 016.1 | 1 938.9 | .. | .. | .. | 1 518.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |      .. |      .. |  55.1 |    85.1 |   140.2 | .. | .. | .. |   149.1
15-24 (%) |   8.6 |     8.6 |     8.6 |   8.3 |     8.2 |     8.2 | .. | .. | .. |    12.3
25-64 (%) |  81.1 |    80.3 |    80.7 |  81.3 |    80.5 |    80.9 | .. | .. | .. |    80.5
65+ (%) |  10.3 |    11.1 |    10.7 |  10.5 |    11.4 |    10.9 | .. | .. | .. |     7.2
Low educated (%) |  30.4 |    38.3 |    34.5 |  29.4 |    37.2 |    33.5 | .. | .. | .. |    41.3
Highly educated (%) |  30.7 |    25.3 |    27.8 |  31.4 |    25.9 |    28.5 | .. | .. | .. |    23.3
Total emigration rates (%) |   2.8 |     3.1 |     3.0 |   2.7 |     2.9 |     2.8 | .. | .. | .. |     2.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  10.2 |    11.2 |    10.7 |  10.1 |    11.1 |    10.6 | .. | .. | .. |    18.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 188.9 | 58.7 |  6.8 | 52.3 | 29.9 |  7.7 | 938.2
Australia |   180.6 |  8.9 | 11.6 | 54.3 | 23.7 |  7.7 | 150.7
Canada |   165.2 |  8.1 |  5.9 | 52.8 | 33.9 |  3.6 | 147.3
France |   110.3 |  5.4 |  6.1 | 54.1 | 33.6 |  5.8 | 106.4
Germany |   107.9 |  5.3 |  7.2 | 54.1 | 15.3 |  6.8 |  66.9
Czech Republic |    51.1 |  2.5 | 14.9 | 39.7 |  3.4 | 22.6 |    ..
Cambodia |    41.8 |  2.1 |   .. | 49.5 |  0.5 | 17.4 |  64.8
United Kingdom |    29.6 |  1.5 | 20.1 | 54.9 | 31.8 | 14.1 |  22.7
Japan |    25.8 |  1.3 |   .. | 47.1 | 18.1 | 39.4 |  10.5
Malaysia |    17.1 |  0.9 |   .. | 72.9 |  0.8 | 14.4 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Viet Nam living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  70.8 |  56.8 |  63.7 |  75.2 |  63.0 |    68.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.4 |   8.1 |   7.7 |   8.4 |   8.5 |     8.5
Participation rate (%) |  76.4 |  61.9 |  69.0 |  82.1 |  68.8 |    75.2
Total employed (thousands) | 485.5 | 398.6 | 884.2 | 605.4 | 558.2 | 1 163.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  80.8 |  73.5 |  77.5 |  84.3 |  75.0 |    79.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.5 |   5.0 |   4.7 |   5.5 |   6.1 |     5.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  35.6 |    .. |    .. |    36.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 144.5 | 112.0 | 256.5 | 218.5 | 183.7 |   402.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  28.2 |  30.9 |  26.7 |    30.0
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    11.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |     5.7
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  68.1 |  65.7 |  68.5 |    65.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   3.7 |   3.4 |   4.8 |     4.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 355.0 |  +49.7 | United States | 373.8 |  +3.7
Canada |  56.0 |  +62.0 | Australia |  57.5 | -18.5
Australia |  42.8 |  +72.1 | Canada |  55.5 | -20.5
France |  37.0 |  +22.1 | Germany |  42.9 | +39.6
Germany |  16.5 | +206.6 | France |  38.5 |  -9.7
Total | 539.1 |  +54.8 | Total | 633.4 |  +2.5

International students from Viet Nam in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  8 778 | 12 996 | 15 083
Australia |  5 446 |  9 609 | 11 081
France |  5 133 |  5 820 |  5 642
Japan |  2 541 |  3 280 |  4 047
United Kingdom |  1 791 |  2 515 |  3 769
Total | 29 905 | 41 544 | 48 243

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (28 304, 2%), KOR (24 743, 8%), JPN (19 481, 6%), AUS (4 817, 1%), POL (4 031, 8%), DEU (3 887, 0%), CAN (1 700, 0%), CZE (1 571, 5%), FRA (1 516, 0%), SWE (649, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 13 | 21 | 12 | 8 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 56
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (38%), South Korea (8%), Australia (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271032

Latin America and the Caribbean

Chapter 3.

Latin America and the Caribbean: Diaspora profile¹

This chapter looks at recent migration flows and diasporas from Latin American and Caribbean countries to the OECD area and a selected member of non-OECD destinations. The diaspora of the region living in OECD countries grew by 50% in ten years to reach 15.4 million in 2010/11. Almost all countries in the region saw their diasporas grow during the first decade of the 2000s. However, as of the middle of the 2000s, growth of the emigrant population from Latin America and the Caribbean stalled. The number of migrants increased strongly in Europe, going from 1.8 million to 3.8 million (mainly in Spain) and less strongly in North America, where there were 11 million migrants from the region in 2010/11 versus 8.3 million in 2000/01. The economic crisis interrupted the progress emigrants had made in the labour market in the first half of the 2000s.

This chapter also contains one regional note and 22 country notes for Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela.

Key findings

In 2010/11, there were 15.4 million emigrants from the region in the OECD area, an increase by more than 5 million persons over the last decade. Concurrently, the number of intra-regional migrants (excluding Chile and Mexico) increased at the same pace, reaching 2.5 million individuals in 2010/11.

The size of the diaspora increased in almost every country in the region between 2000/01 and 2010/11, with the most visible change in countries with previously small diasporas, notably Paraguay and Bolivia, whose diasporas have more than tripled in ten years.

Recent changes in the size of Latin American diasporas differ according to their geographic destination. The number of migrants increased strongly in Europe, from 1.8 million to 3.8 million (especially in Spain where the number of individuals increased from 0.7 million to 1.9 million) and more moderately in North America, with 11 million emigrants in 2010/11 compared to 8.3 million in 2000/01. The Latin American diaspora represents 4.9% of the resident population of Spain and 4.2% of the total population of the United States.

While only one member of the diaspora in four was highly educated in 2010/11, i.e. 3.8 million emigrants from the region, this nevertheless represents a significant increase of 4 percentage points in the share of highly educated persons among all migrants from the region or 1.7 million individuals in absolute terms, compared to 2000/01. With an emigration rate of the highly skilled of 8%, the region of Latin America and the Caribbean has moved ahead of the Middle East and North Africa (6%) to become the region of origin with the highest emigration rate of highly educated persons behind Sub-Saharan Africa (13%).

The economic crisis that hit hard some of the main destinations of migrants from the region interrupted the progress migrants had made in the labour market in the first half of the 2000s. The unemployment rate of migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean rose by 6 percentage points between 2005/06 and 2010/11 to 14%. Their participation rate stagnated and their employment rate declined by 4 percentage points between 20005/06 and 2010/11. Low-educated migrants were the most affected: their unemployment rose from 11% in 2005/06 to 20% in 2010/11.

1. Regional context

Latin American and Caribbean countries² have enjoyed a decade of economic growth that is exceptional in the region’s recent history. Between 2000 and 2013, GDP per capita rose from USD 6 900 to USD 11 900; in 2013, it grew by 2.7%. Growth then hit a low in 2014, with a more visible slowdown in the Southern Cone. The percentage of the population living on less than USD 2 a day fell from 13.2% in 2000 to 6.6% in 2013. Although the population of the region rose from 406 million to 475 million between 2000 and 2013, the rate of population growth slowed to around 1.0% per year in 2013, close to the growth rate in Asia (1.2%). Despite the increase in the population, the distribution of resources has improved (Renos et al., 2015).

In terms of social, demographic and economic indicators, the decade was very favourable for the region, in contrast to previous periods and notably the “lost decade” of the 1980s. Rather than curbing the migration trend, the region’s improved indicators are transforming the conditions of migration and the populations involved. These favourable conditions are also reshaping the spatial orientation of migration flows, with an increase in migration within the region of Latin America and the Caribbean.

2. Migrant flows and stocks

Every year, somewhere between 500 000 and 600 000 migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean settle in OECD countries (Figure 3.1), i.e. an annual emigration of two inhabitants per thousand. After peaking at over 700 000 migrants in 2006 and 2007, migrant flows fell back to their levels at the start of the decade when the effects of the economic crisis were first felt in OECD countries, especially in Spain.

Figure 3.1. Inflows of foreigners from Latin America and the Caribbean in OECD countries, 2000-12

Source: OECD Database on International Migration.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269262

Between 2000 and 2012, there was relatively little increase in the number of migrants from the region arriving in OECD countries, barely 10%, whereas flows from other regions to OECD countries in 2012 were at least 31% higher than in 2000, and almost doubled for non-OECD European countries and Central Asia. Nevertheless, arrivals from Latin America and the Caribbean in 2012 continued to outstrip arrivals from the Middle East and North Africa and from Sub-Saharan Africa. Departures towards the OECD area as a proportion of the population of the region, in 2012 almost returned to its 2000 level (1.6 compared to 1.8 inhabitants per thousand).

In total, there were 18 million migrants (of all ages) from the region in OECD countries and about 51 non-OECD destinations in 2010/11. 15.5 million (13.5 million if only persons aged 15 and above are considered) or 86% of all, were living in OECD countries. The emigration rate from the region to the OECD doubled from 1.7% in 2000/01 to 2.5% in 2010/11. Over the period, the diaspora living in OECD countries gained 50%, as did also the emigrant population living inside the region of Latin America and the Caribbean (Figure 3.2). The number of migrants from the region in OECD countries increased by at least 26% in the first half of the decade and grew more slowly in the second half of the decade (less than 19%). Moreover, Latin America and the Caribbean is the region where the proportion of recent emigrants (those who have been in the destination country for five years or less) in the diaspora fell the most between 2005/06 and 2010/11, from 24% to 14%. As of the middle of the 2000s, growth of the emigrant population from Latin America and the Caribbean living in OECD countries stalled, while diasporas from all the other regions of origin continued to increase.

Figure 3.2. Emigrant population from Latin America or the Caribbean living in the OECD or inside the region, 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and over.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269271

This specific trend for the region is attributable to the geographic concentration of Latin American and Caribbean migrants in the United States and the Iberian Peninsula, which felt the full effects of the economic crisis in the second half of the decade, with unemployment rife among migrants who had recently settled in Europe. The focus of migration activities then returned to Latin America, with both an increase in the number of returning emigrants as well as an increase in intra-regional movements (Bengochea et al., 2015).

The proportion of the population that lives abroad but in the same region rose from 0.60% in 2000/01 to 0.75% in 2010/11. Latin American migration, when it is not towards the OECD area, is mainly intra-regional. Population movements in the region are facilitated by four international agreements: the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), the Andean Community (CAN), the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Central American Integration System (SICA).

3. The countries concerned

Countries of origin

Peru, Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Cuba were, on their own, responsible for over half of the new migrants with one of the region’s 23 nationalities who settled in OECD countries in 2012 (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1. Inflows of foreigners into OECD countries and five main countries of citizenship, 2000-12
Thousands
| 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Peru |  30 |  39 |  59 |  83 |  98 |  71 |  69
Brazil |  72 |  65 |  90 | 111 |  87 |  63 |  66
Colombia |  68 |  61 |  49 |  91 |  88 |  61 |  65
Dominican Republic |  26 |  30 |  43 |  55 |  52 |  66 |  63
Cuba |  29 |  37 |  30 |  58 |  64 |  45 |  46
Other countries | 263 | 291 | 298 | 393 | 306 | 248 | 231
Total | 488 | 558 | 569 | 791 | 695 | 554 | 540
Source: OECD Database on International Migration.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271219

The Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) represents under a fifth of migrant flows from the region to the OECD area (Figure 3.3). There was a surge in emigration from Argentina and Uruguay at the start of the decade, mainly in the wake of the economic crisis at the end of the 1990s, before it diminished significantly as the economy recovered. In 2012, Andean Community countries were the main source of migration towards the OECD area, with 38% of the region’s total. Migrants settling in the OECD area from the Caribbean in 2012 were mainly from, in descending order of importance, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Haiti and Jamaica. Only 11% of migrants from the region came from Central America in 2012, mostly from El Salvador and Honduras.

Figure 3.3. Inflows of foreigners from Latin America and the Caribbean to the OECD, 2000-12

Source: OECD Database on International Migration.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269283

Migration to the OECD area from the Latin American continent peaked mid-decade before returning to its 2000 level in the end of the decade, whereas there was a steady increase in migration from the Caribbean over the same period (Figure 3.3). This is partially due to the fact that most migrant flows from the Caribbean islands are towards North America, where the recovery kicked in sooner. It can also be explained in part by some specific migratory waves caused by the earthquake in Haiti, improved relations between the United States and Cuba, and the delicate economic situation in Jamaica (van Selm, 2015; and Mejia, 2015).

In 2010/11, the largest diasporas from the region in the OECD area, each with over 800 000 expatriates, were: El Salvador, Cuba, Colombia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Ecuador and Peru. The first six were already in the list of the countries in the region with the largest diasporas in 2000/01 (with over 500 000 emigrants). Peru owes its place in the top seven largest Latin American diasporas to the fact that its diaspora almost doubled in ten years.

There were different trends within the emigration of the different sub-regions between 2000/01 and 2010/11. Whereas the Caribbean and Central American diasporas increased by 31% and 50% respectively over the period, the diasporas of Southern Cone and Andean countries grew by 85% starting from a lower level in 2000/01 in comparison with the other sub-regions (Figure 3.4).

Figure 3.4. Emigrant population born in the region and living in the OECD by sub-region of the country of birth, 2000/01-2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and over.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269313

With the exception of Barbados, the diasporas of all the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean increased, by an average of 77% between 2000/01 and 2010/11 but in very variable proportions. Countries with previously modest migration levels, such as Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay, saw their emigrant populations more than double in ten years, whereas the more traditional countries of origin like Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama saw their populations in OECD countries rise by less than 30% over the same period.

The Caribbean had, and still has, the highest emigration rate, as nearly a fifth of the native-born population (19%) lives in an OECD country. Countries with the highest emigration rates in the Caribbean are Jamaica (32%), Barbados (27%) and Trinidad and Tobago (23%).

Emigration rates are very uneven among countries in Central America. Some countries can rival the rates in the Caribbean (El Salvador, 23% and Belize, 20%) while others are below the average for the entire region (Nicaragua, 7%, Panama, 6% and Costa Rica, 3%).

South America is marked by much lower emigration rates – 4% for the Andean countries in 2010/11, and 3% for the Southern Cone – even if they increased considerably over the decade, unlike in Central America and the Caribbean. Brazil still has the lowest emigration rate, with less than 1% of the population living in an OECD country.

Countries of destination

The geographic locations of the Latin American diaspora in the OECD area evolved rapidly over the decade 2000/01-2010/11. Its presence grew considerably in Europe, and especially Spain, which was home to 1.9 million individuals born in Latin America or the Caribbean in 2010/11, compared to 700 000 in 2000/01. As a result, in 2010/11 they represented 4.9% of the resident population of Spain compared to only 2.0% ten years earlier. Despite the steep increase in the number of migrants in Spain, the share of the Latin American diaspora in the total number of immigrants in the country fell from 35% in 2000/01 to 29% in 2010/11. Even though their numbers are smaller than in Spain, the emigrant populations from the region nevertheless still exceed 300 000 in Italy, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. In smaller destinations such as France, Austria and Ireland, their number more than tripled in ten years.

In the United States, the region’s diaspora increased by 2.6 million or a third, reaching 10.4 million emigrants in 2010/11, and representing 4.2% of the total resident population. The 687 000 emigrants living in Canada also saw their diaspora swell by 31%. In 2010/11, Chile and Mexico were eighth and eleventh in the ranking of destination countries for emigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2010/11, Chile hosted 175 000 emigrants from the region, and Mexico 119 000, reflecting respective increases of 58% and 72%.

Despite the 2.5-fold increase in the size of the Latin American diaspora based in European OECD countries between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the 11 million immigrants in the United States and Canada mean that they remain far ahead of the European OECD countries (3.8 million). Attractive conditions partially explain the shift of flows towards European countries, which may also be attributable to a reconsideration of traditional bi-directional migration systems (Wihtol de Wenden, 2012).

These destination countries are also countries of origin for immigrants to the region. Immigrants born in Spain represent over 5% of all foreign-born individuals in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay. The highest proportion of Spanish-born migrants in the total immigrant population is found in Uruguay (17%). The two other main OECD countries of origin for immigrants in the region are the United States and Italy. Of these immigrants, some were born in the OECD area from immigrant households originally from Latin America and the Caribbean. Others, born in the south of Europe (Spain, Portugal and Italy), recently migrated to other Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking countries which were less affected by the crisis which started in 2007-08. Migrants originally from the same region also returned home (OAS/OECD, 2015). There are differences in the levels of education of these two migrant categories, as best exemplified in Brazil: emigrants from the country have a relatively low level of education whereas immigrants settled in Brazil are frequently graduates of higher education, especially when they were born in an OECD country (Portugal, 14%, Spain, 25%, Italy and the United States, 29%).

Intra-regional migration

The crisis which has particularly affected the diaspora in European countries has undoubtedly had an impact on recent migration trends towards the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. In total, 2 million migrants aged 15 and above (or 2.5 million if persons of all ages are considered) from Latin America and the Caribbean were living in another country in the region in 2010/11, up from 1.7 million in 2000/01. One country stands out as a magnet destination for migrants: Argentina, which in 2010/11 hosted 911 000 migrants (aged 15 and above) from other countries in the region, three and a half times as many migrants as the next country in the list, Costa Rica (Table 3.2). Two-thirds of immigrants in Argentina were born in another country in the region, while this share reached 90% in Costa Rica, Paraguay and the Dominican Republic. In contrast, Brazil hosted 484 000 migrants aged 15 and above, the vast majority (76%) born outside the region.

Table 3.2. Intra-regional migrants, by country of destination and main countries of origin, 2010/11
Countries of destination | Countries of origin
Country of residence | Number of intra-regional migrants | Growth between 2000/01 and 2010/11 | Share of intra-regional migrants out of all migrants in the country | Country of birth | Number of intra-regional migrants | Share of all intra-regional migrants | Share of all migrants from the country
Argentina | 911 350 |  40% | 66% | Paraguay | 417 830 | 21% | 84%
Costa Rica | 247 650 |  59% | 90% | Bolivia | 276 030 | 14% | 53%
Dominican Republic | 210 050 | 334% | 89% | Nicaragua | 214 100 | 11% | 46%
Paraguay | 115 640 |  15% | 90% | Haiti | 196 230 | 10% | 24%
Brazil | 115 140 |  23% | 24% | Peru | 149 210 |  8% | 17%
Puerto Rico |  92 900 |  12% | 37% | Colombia | 136 200 |  7% | 12%
Ecuador |  88 830 |  86% | 77% | Uruguay | 131 480 |  7% | 46%
Panama |  70 710 |  81% | 63% | Brazil | 110 450 |  6% | 11%
Colombia |  33 850 |  37% | 57% | Argentina | 103 500 |  5% | 15%
Uruguay |  28 370 |  -7% | 57% | Dominican Republic |  63 610 |  3% |  7%
Trinidad and Tobago |  26 440 |   2% | 79% | Cuba |  40 430 |  2% |  3%
Peru |  19 530 |   0% | 38% | Venezuela |  37 630 |  2% |  9%
El Salvador |  16 800 |  -2% | 79% | Ecuador |  17 010 |  1% |  2%
Nicaragua |   8 740 |  -6% | 71% | Honduras |  14 840 |  1% |  3%
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and over.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271225

Paraguay is the top country of origin when it comes to intra-regional migration. The 418 000 migrants from Paraguay living in other countries of the region represent 82% of all migrants from the country living in OECD and non-OECD countries covered in this publication and 21% of all intra-regional migrants. Close to half of the diasporas of Bolivia, Nicaragua and Uruguay live within the region (276 000, 214 000 and 131 000 persons respectively). Other large diasporas within the region, are those of Haiti (196 000 persons), Peru (149 000) and Colombia (136 000).

4. The profile of emigrant populations

In 2010/11, the diasporas from Latin America and the Caribbean were relatively older and better educated than in 2000/01. There was also a slight overrepresentation of women among emigrants.

Between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the size of the diaspora of prime-age (25-64) from Latin America and the Caribbean living in OECD countries increased by 4 million individuals to 11.7 million. Over the same period, the share of migrants from the region in the 15-25 age group dropped by 2 percentage points whereas the shares of those aged 25-64 years old and those 65 and above increased. The diasporas with the highest proportion of older individuals were those of Barbados, Cuba, Jamaica and Panama. Between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the diasporas of Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Nicaragua and Salvador aged more than the others, with an increase in the proportion of emigrants over 65 and a decline in the number of emigrants in the 15-24 age group. The size of the 15-24 age group fell in the diasporas of every country in the region between 2000/01 and 2010/11, with the exception of Paraguay, Nicaragua and Cuba. In 2010/11, the diasporas of Guatemala, Paraguay, Ecuador and Honduras were particularly young, with one migrant in six in the 15-24 age group.

Like the other regions of the world, the level of education of emigrant populations from countries in Latin America and the Caribbean increased between 2000/01 and 2010/11, with a relative reduction – but an absolute increase – in the number of low-educated migrants and a relative and absolute increase in the number of highly educated emigrants. There were 3.8 million highly educated emigrants in 2010/11, representing one emigrant in four, compared to 2 million in 2000/01. In 2010/11, the proportion of low-educated emigrants from the region was 34%, which is close to the average for the other regions. The proportion of highly educated migrants has risen sharply to 25% (by 4 percentage points) but remained below the 31% average for all other regions in 2010/11. However, in terms of the share of highly educated individuals in the countries of origin that this represents (i.e. the emigration rate of the highly educated), the figure in Latin America and the Caribbean (8%) is particularly high in comparison with other countries and regions.

The emigration rates of highly educated individuals vary between the countries in the region. They are highest in countries in the Caribbean (75% for Haiti, 68% for Trinidad and Tobago, 66% for Barbados, 48% for Jamaica) but low – albeit increasing, especially in Paraguay – in the Southern Cone countries (with the exception of Uruguay), in Venezuela, Costa Rica, Peru and Bolivia (Figure 3.5).

Figure 3.5. Emigration rates to the OECD area of the highly educated, by country of birth, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and over.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269304

The emigrant population of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean has the highest proportion of women compared to other regions. The proportion of highly educated persons is greater among female emigrants (26%) than male emigrants (23%). This was already the case in 2000/01 and the trend became clearer over the decade, with the proportion of highly educated women increasing by 5 percentage points compared to a 3 percentage point increase among the men. The proportion of the highly educated among female emigrants increased in all countries between 2000/01 and 2010/11, with the exception of Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay. Female emigrants from Jamaica and Honduras have a particularly high level of education compared to their male counterparts.

There are proportionally more women than men among migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean in OECD destinations (54%) than among intra-regional migrants (52%). Intra-regional migrants are primarily low-educated. More than two-thirds of the 2 million adult intra-regional migrants have low levels of education (1.3 million), while an additional 393 000 (or 20%) have a medium level of education. Only 11% of all intra-regional migrants have higher education, versus 27% of migrants from the region living in OECD countries. However, important differences exist among migrant populations in different destinations within the region. More than half of all intra-regional migrants in Peru have higher education, while this share is much lower in most other countries in the region. In Argentina, the share of highly educated persons among intra-regional migrants is only 4%, while that of the low-educated is 77%. In Brazil and Colombia in contrast, one in four intra-regional migrants has a high level of education.

Students make up an important share of the diaspora of highly educated individuals in OECD countries. In 2004, there were 76 000 international students from Latin America and the Caribbean in the OECD, and this figure rose to 127 700 in 2012, representing a 24% increase. There was a surge in the number of internationally mobile students between 2007 and 2009 (Figure 3.6). Even if Brazilian and Colombian students represent a growing proportion of students from the region in higher education institutions in the OECD area (40% in total), there has been a visible upturn in student mobility from Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, Bolivia and Peru. 81% of international students from the region are in five main destinations: the United States (48 400 students), France (10 300 students), Spain (7 800 students), the United Kingdom (6 300 students) and Italy (4 800 students).

Figure 3.6. International students by country of origin, 2008 and 2012

Source: OECD Education Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269313

5. Impact of emigration

In the first half of the 2000s, the labour market situation of migrants from the region in OECD countries improved considerably, with a 10 percentage point increase in their participation rate, a 9 percentage point increase in their employment rate and a slight decline in their unemployment rate.

However, the economic crisis that began in 2007-08 had a disproportionate effect on the emigrant populations of the region (Table 3.3). Their unemployment rate rose by 6 percentage points between 2005/06 and 2010/11 to 14%. Their participation rate stagnated and could not help prevent a 4 point decline in the employment rate over five years.

Table 3.3. Labour market outcomes of the native-born and emigrant populations from the region living in the OECD in 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11
| Native-born | Emigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean
| 2000/01 | 2005/06 | 2010/11 | 2000/01 | 2005/06 | 2010/11
Participation rate (%) | 66.8 | 70.2 | 70.7 | 67.0 | 76.6 | 76.4
Employment rate (%) | 61.6 | 64.9 | 64.2 | 60.7 | 69.9 | 65.5
Unemployment rate (% of the labour force) |  7.7 |  7.6 |  9.2 |  9.3 |  8.7 | 14.3
Number of unemployed (millions) | 29.0 | 28.6 | 35.5 |  0.6 |  0.8 |  1.5
Note: These results are based on 26 OECD destinations for which data were available in the three years (Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, the Czech Republic and Slovenia are excluded). The population refers to persons aged 15 to 64.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271239

Unemployment among highly educated emigrants from the region reached nearly 10% in 2010/11, up from 6% in 2005/06. Unemployment among low-educated emigrants almost doubled from 11% to 20% over the same period. Their employment rate went from 51% in 2000/01 to 62% in 2005/06 and then back to 55% in 2010/11. These trends were in sharp contrast to those in the first half of the decade when the most visible improvement in the labour market was for low-educated emigrants, with, an 11 point increase in their employment rate.

The repercussions of the crisis affected male and female emigrants to a similar extent, even though the deterioration in the situation for women was slightly less dramatic than for men due to the former’s slightly improved labour market participation and the fact that they were working in sectors which were less affected by the crisis. Nevertheless, there is a persistent gender gap, with the employment rate of female migrants from the region at 60%, 12 points lower than that for men.

In 2010/11, the unemployment rate of the Latin American diaspora was much higher in Spain (40% among men and 38% among women) than in the United States (9% among men and 10% among women). In Spain, unemployment affected 40% of the foreign-born versus 28% of the native-born, but the people born in Latin America or the Caribbean were slightly less affected than other immigrants. In the United States, if the foreign-born (regardless of the region of origin) recorded on average lower unemployment rates than the native-born, female immigrants born in Latin America or the Caribbean recorded higher unemployment rates than other persons born within the country or in other regions of the world.

Although highly educated migrants have on average better labour market outcomes than low-educated ones, they still face a considerable risk of overqualification, or brain waste. The share of persons from the region holding university degrees and working in intermediate or low-skilled jobs was very high in 2000/01 (42%), and 10 points above the average of all other regions. In 2010/11, the situation improved and the overqualification rate of migrants from the region stood at 33%. Overqualification rates range between 24% for the Argentine diaspora, 32% for the Venezuelan diaspora and 55% and over for highly educated migrants from Guatemala, Ecuador and Honduras.

6. Future challenges

The Latin American and Caribbean diasporas grew during the first decade of the 20th century. All the countries in the region are now more attentive to them, as they are aware of their potentially important role in fostering development. National efforts and regional initiatives highlight their potential role in the economic and social life of their countries of origin (OAS/OECD, 2015 and MICAL). The challenge is now to implement public policies with suitable means to encourage connections between the diasporas, their countries of origin and their destination countries.

At the start of the current decade, migration flows from the region shifted towards other countries in the region and, to a lesser extent, the United States, while the Spanish-based diaspora stopped growing (OAS/OECD, 2015). Data from the Gallup World Poll Survey confirm this reorientation towards the Western Hemisphere, as they reveal that almost twice as many people would like to move to the United States as would like to emigrate to Spain. That said, slower economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean along with improvements observed in the Spanish labour market as of 2014 May lead to redirecting migrant flows into new configurations.

References

Arslan, C., J.-C. Dumont, Z. Kone, Y. Moullan, C. Ozden, C. Parsons, T. Xenogiani (2014), “A New Profile of Migrants in the Aftermath of the Recent Economic Crisis”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 160, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jxt2t3nnjr5-en.

Bengochea, J., M. Koolhaas and A. Pellegrino (2015), “Profiles and Trends of Highly Skilled Migrants of Latin American and Caribbean Origin”, in J.-B. Meyer (ed.), Diaspora, Towards the New Frontier, IRD/UDELAR, Marseille, Montevideo.

Mejia, W. (2015), “Outlook on Migration in Latin America in 2015”, Migration Policy Practice, Vol. IV, No. 5, International Organization for Migration/Eurasylum Ltd., January.

MICAL, Observatory of Skilled Diasporas, http://observatoriodiasporas.org/.

OAS/OECD (2015), International Migration in the Americas 2015, Organization of American States, Washington DC and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.

Renos, V., J. Rigolini and L. Lucchetti (2015), Left Behind, Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean, IBRD/World Bank, Washington, DC.

Van Selm, J. (2015), “Outlook on Migration in the Caribbean in 2015”, Migration Policy Practice, Vol. IV, No. 5, International Organization for Migration/Eurasylum Ltd., January.

Wihtol de Wenden, C. (2012), Atlas Mondial des Migrations, Éditions Autrement, Paris.

Database references

Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/migration/dioc.htm.

OECD International Migration Database, https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MIG.

OECD Education Database, www.oecd.org/education/database.htm.

Notes

 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

 2. For this purpose of this publication, Mexico and Chile are included in the chapter on OECD countries and are hence excluded from all analyses referring to the region of Latin America and the Caribbean.

Regional and country notes

Latin America and the Caribbean

Latin America and the Carribean

Argentina

Barbados

Belize

Bolivia

Brazil

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guatemala

Haiti

Honduras

Jamaica

Nicaragua

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Trinidad and Tobago

Uruguay

Venezuela

Latin America and the Carribean

Total population (millions) | 475.4 |  |  |  |  |
Population growth (annual, in %) | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |
GDP per capita (current USD) | 9 685 |  |  |  |  |
GDP growth (annual, in %) | 3.4 |  |  |  |  |
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 9.13 |  |  |  |  |
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 27%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Latin America and the Caribbean living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 8 429.5 | 9 525.0 | 17 954.5 | 7 198.2 | 8 240.9 | 15 439.2 | 1 220.1 | 1 273.5 | 2 493.6 | 10 264.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |       .. |   876.6 | 1 015.1 |  1 891.7 |      .. |      .. |      .. |  1 953.0
15-24 (%) |    15.4 |    12.6 |     13.9 |    14.5 |    11.5 |     12.9 |    20.7 |    19.8 |    20.2 |     15.2
25-64 (%) |    75.2 |    75.3 |     75.3 |    76.1 |    76.1 |     76.1 |    70.3 |    70.2 |    70.2 |     74.9
65+ (%) |     9.4 |    12.1 |     10.8 |     9.4 |    12.4 |     11.0 |     9.0 |    10.0 |     9.5 |      9.9
Low educated (%) |    40.3 |    37.4 |     38.8 |    35.3 |    32.6 |     33.9 |    69.5 |    69.1 |    69.3 |     41.5
Highly educated (%) |    21.2 |    23.9 |     22.6 |    23.0 |    26.1 |     24.7 |    10.1 |     9.3 |     9.7 |     20.4
Total emigration rates (%) |     4.9 |     5.3 |      5.1 |     4.2 |     4.7 |      4.4 |     0.7 |     0.8 |     0.8 |      3.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     9.2 |     8.6 |      8.9 |     8.6 |     8.2 |      8.3 |     0.8 |     0.6 |     0.6 |      6.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 10 388.4 | 57.9 |  8.9 | 52.1 | 23.0 | 11.8 | 7 806.4
Spain |  1 936.0 | 10.8 | 30.8 | 54.0 | 22.6 | 17.8 |   692.8
Argentina |  1 113.4 |  6.2 |   .. | 54.3 |  3.8 | 18.1 |   759.0
Canada |    687.1 |  3.8 | 14.7 | 55.0 | 46.7 |  9.2 |   525.8
Italy |    460.5 |  2.6 | 20.2 | 64.5 | 15.2 | 15.4 |   207.8
United Kingdom |    398.8 |  2.2 | 16.9 | 55.8 | 37.7 |  8.4 |   308.0
Costa Rica |    317.2 |  1.8 |   .. | 52.8 | 12.1 | 21.9 |   222.3
Netherlands |    302.2 |  1.7 |  7.3 | 56.9 | 21.9 |  9.8 |     2.1
Dominican Republic |    301.0 |  1.7 |   .. | 37.0 |  3.5 | 30.2 |    68.5
France |    214.6 |  1.2 | 19.9 | 57.6 | 24.2 | 19.4 |    70.1

Labour market indicators of persons born in Latin America and the Caribbean living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment-population ratio (%) |    68.6 |    55.0 |    61.5 |    72.6 |    60.5 |    66.2
Unemployment rate (%) |     8.0 |    10.5 |     9.2 |    13.5 |    15.1 |    14.3
Participation rate (%) |    74.6 |    61.4 |    67.7 |    83.9 |    71.3 |    77.3
Total employed (thousands) | 3 018.7 | 2 655.4 | 5 674.1 | 4 665.6 | 4 319.4 | 8 985.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |    80.8 |    69.3 |    74.5 |    82.5 |    71.7 |    76.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |     4.8 |     6.5 |     5.7 |     8.8 |    10.7 |     9.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |      .. |      .. |    41.9 |      .. |      .. |    44.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |   708.0 |   743.4 | 1 451.4 | 1 233.2 | 1 405.0 | 2 638.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    19.5 |    25.1 |    23.8 |    21.2 |    26.0 |    23.8
Of which: Health professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    10.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    12.1
Medium-skilled occupations |    80.3 |    74.2 |    71.7 |    74.4 |    65.5 |    69.6
Low-skilled occupations |     0.2 |     0.6 |     4.6 |     4.4 |     8.6 |     6.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01 | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01
United States | 2 386.1 |  62.7 | United States | 3 422.4 |   5.6
Spain |   437.8 | 192.2 | Spain |   804.5 | 125.3
Canada |   321.1 |  77.7 | Italy |   197.2 |  97.2
United Kingdom |   150.3 | 108.6 | United Kingdom |   141.9 |   5.5
Italy |    69.9 | 127.1 | Canada |   120.9 | -17.7
Total | 3 783.8 |  82.1 | Total | 5 190.9 |  23.1

International students from Latin America and the Caribbean in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  48 389 |  49 835 |  46 627
Spain |   7 770 |  25 579 |  23 418
France |  10 280 |  11 601 |  13 119
Italy |   4 839 |   4 891 |   6 570
United Kingdom |   6 278 |   6 382 |   6 338
Total | 102 793 | 128 192 | 127 719

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (245 556, 23%), CHL (90 727, 86%), ESP (86 635, 25%), ITA (24 638, 7%), CAN (22 420, 8%), DEU (16 267, 1%), PRT (11 816, 34%), FRA (11 287, 7%), JPN (9 462, 3%), MEX (8 890, 45%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 33 | 26 | 19 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 34
Three main countries of desired destination: United States (33%), Spain (18%), Italy (5%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270845

Argentina

Total population 2013 (millions) | 41.4 |  |  | Argentina compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 49/187 | 2/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 14 715 |  |  | GDP per capita | 52/209 | 5/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 141/203 | 36/37
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 2.90 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 100/144 | 17/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 24%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 11% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Argentina living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 385.2 | 386.5 | 771.7 | 319.2 | 324.9 | 644.0 | 65.2 | 60.7 | 125.8 | 389.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  43.7 |  46.0 |  89.8 |   .. |   .. |    .. |  71.6
15-24 (%) |  13.2 |  12.1 |  12.7 |  12.5 |  10.9 |  11.7 | 16.9 | 18.7 |  17.8 |  13.8
25-64 (%) |  76.5 |  74.0 |  75.3 |  77.3 |  75.3 |  76.3 | 72.9 | 67.3 |  70.2 |  72.5
65+ (%) |  10.2 |  13.9 |  12.1 |  10.2 |  13.9 |  12.1 | 10.2 | 14.1 |  12.1 |  13.7
Low educated (%) |  26.3 |  25.6 |  25.9 |  24.4 |  21.8 |  23.1 | 35.9 | 46.3 |  40.9 |  30.9
Highly educated (%) |  36.0 |  38.4 |  37.2 |  37.3 |  40.6 |  38.9 | 29.6 | 26.9 |  28.3 |  32.7
Total emigration rates (%) |   2.5 |   2.4 |   2.5 |   2.1 |   2.0 |   2.1 |  0.4 |  0.4 |   0.4 |   1.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  10.7 |   5.3 |   7.0 |   9.3 |   4.8 |   6.2 |  1.6 |  0.6 |   0.9 |   5.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Spain | 256.5 | 33.2 | 20.5 | 47.9 | 34.7 | 13.8 |  92.7
United States | 166.5 | 21.6 |  6.5 | 49.8 | 41.3 |  8.9 | 120.8
Italy |  62.2 |  8.1 |  8.7 | 55.0 | 19.0 |  8.2 |  48.8
Paraguay |  58.3 |  7.6 |   .. | 51.3 | 14.1 | 22.4 |  45.9
Israel |  34.3 |  4.4 |  1.6 | 52.9 | 54.1 |  4.5 |  31.9
Chile |  31.9 |  4.1 | 20.9 | 54.6 | 40.4 | 35.4 |  35.1
Brazil |  26.7 |  3.5 |   .. | 38.6 | 37.3 |  9.1 |  25.8
Uruguay |  24.2 |  3.1 |   .. | 54.6 | 33.6 | 21.7 |  18.7
Canada |  18.4 |  2.4 | 11.0 | 52.1 | 54.9 |  9.0 |  12.7
Mexico |  13.3 |  1.7 | 27.6 | 43.3 | 52.0 |  9.8 |   5.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Argentina living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  72.7 | 52.1 |  62.3 |  69.5 |  55.9 |  62.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.5 | 11.8 |   9.9 |  18.1 |  21.9 |  19.8
Participation rate (%) |  79.5 | 59.0 |  69.2 |  84.8 |  71.6 |  78.3
Total employed (thousands) | 121.2 | 88.0 | 209.2 | 197.1 | 155.1 | 352.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  81.3 | 63.9 |  72.4 |  80.1 |  67.1 |  73.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.8 |  9.3 |   7.4 |  11.3 |  15.8 |  13.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  24.8 |    .. |    .. |  31.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  45.5 | 37.4 |  82.9 |  84.6 |  79.3 | 163.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  45.6 |  40.0 |  42.4 |  42.0
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   8.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  10.4
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  47.6 |  54.1 |  48.5 |  50.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   6.8 |   6.0 |   9.1 |   7.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Spain |  88.9 | +199.4 | Spain |  75.3 | +103.1
United States |  68.8 |  +50.6 | United States |  26.5 |   +3.9
Israel |  18.6 |  +17.0 | Italy |  23.1 |   -1.0
Chile |  12.9 | +186.6 | Chile |   4.6 |  -69.2
Italy |  11.8 |  +65.7 | Israel |   4.5 |  +20.6
Total | 247.7 |  +97.1 | Total | 146.8 |  +23.4

International students from Argentina in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Spain | 1 016 | 3 005 | 2 109
United States | 2 538 | 2 146 | 1 829
France |   768 |   782 |   739
Italy |   469 |   277 |   381
Germany |   431 |   415 |   321
Total | 6 596 | 7 911 | 6 415

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CHL (4 907, 4%), ESP (4 429, 1%), USA (4 359, 0%), DEU (1 022, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), MEX (937, 4%), ITA (742, 0%), FRA (420, 0%), JPN (317, 0%), CAN (285, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 14 | 25 | 15 | 13 | 15
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (28%), United States (15%), Brazil (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270626

Barbados

Total population 2013 (millions) | 0.3 |  |  | Barbados compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 59/187 | 5/31
GDP per capita 2012 (current USD) | 14 917 |  |  | GDP per capita | 207/209 | 38/40
GDP growth 2012 (annual, in %) | 0.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 28/203 | 15/37
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 4/144 | 4/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 19%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 11% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Barbados living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 38.6 | 47.8 | 86.4 | 38.1 | 47.2 | 85.2 |  0.5 |  0.6 |  1.1 | 88.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.5 |  1.5 |  2.9 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.1
15-24 (%) |  3.4 |  3.4 |  3.4 |  3.4 |  3.3 |  3.4 |  7.1 |  9.4 |  8.3 |  6.2
25-64 (%) | 66.5 | 67.2 | 66.9 | 66.8 | 67.5 | 67.2 | 45.0 | 45.1 | 45.1 | 76.2
65+ (%) | 30.1 | 29.4 | 29.7 | 29.9 | 29.2 | 29.5 | 47.9 | 45.5 | 46.6 | 17.7
Low educated (%) | 23.9 | 20.2 | 21.8 | 23.4 | 19.7 | 21.4 | 60.0 | 59.6 | 59.8 | 31.1
Highly educated (%) | 31.4 | 38.6 | 35.3 | 31.3 | 38.6 | 35.4 | 32.0 | 30.9 | 31.4 | 27.3
Total emigration rates (%) | 25.5 | 29.6 | 27.6 | 25.2 | 29.4 | 27.4 |  0.4 |  0.5 |  0.5 | 29.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 73.2 | 62.7 | 66.5 | 72.9 | 62.5 | 66.3 |  3.4 |  1.6 |  2.1 | 91.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 50.5 | 58.4 |  2.8 | 57.5 | 33.4 |  3.9 | 51.7
United Kingdom | 18.6 | 21.5 |  5.0 | 51.4 | 31.5 |  3.0 | 21.2
Canada | 15.4 | 17.8 |  3.2 | 53.8 | 46.5 |  2.0 | 14.8
Trinidad and Tobago |  1.0 |  1.1 |   .. | 53.0 | 31.4 |  6.4 |  1.5
Australia |  0.3 |  0.4 |  9.0 | 47.8 | 39.9 |  1.8 |  0.2
Grenada |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Israel |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Italy |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.0
France |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.0
Switzerland |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Barbados living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 74.4 | 69.4 | 71.7 | 76.2 | 71.9 | 73.8
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.4 |  6.4 |  6.4 |  9.8 |  9.1 |  9.4
Participation rate (%) | 79.5 | 74.2 | 76.6 | 84.5 | 79.1 | 81.5
Total employed (thousands) | 24.5 | 27.3 | 51.8 | 20.3 | 24.1 | 44.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 83.9 | 78.4 | 80.6 | 83.4 | 79.1 | 80.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.6 |  3.5 |  3.9 |  5.9 |  6.8 |  6.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 34.7 |   .. |   .. | 36.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  7.0 | 10.0 | 17.0 |  7.6 | 11.4 | 19.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 32.6 | 32.6 | 41.7 | 37.5
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 14.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.7
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 62.7 | 63.1 | 55.8 | 59.1
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.6 |  4.3 |  2.5 |  3.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 16.9 |  +32.0 | United Kingdom |  8.1 |  -22.1
Canada |  7.2 |  +24.1 | United States |  7.8 |  -39.7
United Kingdom |  5.9 |  +28.7 | Canada |  2.2 |  -26.7
Australia |  0.1 | +177.6 | Italy |  0.0 | +242.9
Switzerland |  0.0 | +183.3 | Australia |  0.0 |  -32.1
Total | 30.1 |  +29.7 | Total | 18.2 |  -31.3

International students from Barbados in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 342 | 306 | 293
United States | 403 | 357 | 259
Canada | 210 | 162 | 162
Australia |   5 |  10 |  11
France |   5 |   3 |   4
Total | 974 | 849 | 741

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (460, 0%), CAN (155, 0%), DEU (11, 0%), JPN (10, 0%), NZL (8, 0%), NLD (6, 0%), FRA (5, 0%), CHE (4, 0%), ESP (3, 0%), AUT (2, 0%).

Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270669

Belize

Total population 2013 (millions) | 0.3 |  |  | Belize compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 84/187 | 15/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 4 894 |  |  | GDP per capita | 99/209 | 22/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 37/203 | 18/37
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 11/144 | 6/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 34%; “15-64”: 62%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Belize living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 21.6 | 28.3 | 49.8 | 21.4 | 28.1 | 49.5 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  0.1 | 42.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.1 |  1.0 |  2.1 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.9
15-24 (%) | 12.1 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 20.3 | 21.6 | 20.8 | 13.6
25-64 (%) | 76.5 | 73.2 | 74.6 | 76.6 | 73.2 | 74.7 | 69.6 | 68.6 | 69.2 | 76.1
65+ (%) | 11.3 | 15.9 | 13.9 | 11.4 | 16.0 | 14.0 | 10.1 |  9.8 | 10.0 | 10.3
Low educated (%) | 25.1 | 23.4 | 24.1 | 25.0 | 23.3 | 24.0 | 27.5 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 30.6
Highly educated (%) | 26.6 | 27.9 | 27.3 | 26.5 | 27.9 | 27.3 | 50.7 | 52.9 | 51.7 | 20.4
Total emigration rates (%) | 17.8 | 22.1 | 20.0 | 17.7 | 22.0 | 19.9 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  0.1 | 23.0
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 31.4 | 35.3 | 33.5 | 31.2 | 35.2 | 33.4 |  0.3 |  0.2 |  0.2 | 45.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 45.2 | 90.7 |  4.0 | 56.7 | 27.5 | 10.6 | 39.0
Canada |  1.4 |  2.7 |  4.4 | 55.3 | 37.7 | 15.4 |  1.4
United Kingdom |  1.3 |  2.6 | 10.4 | 68.4 | 36.5 |  8.6 |  1.1
Mexico |  1.2 |  2.5 | 47.9 | 47.9 |  1.1 | 39.5 |  1.0
Botswana |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Switzerland |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.0
South Africa |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Costa Rica |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.1
Netherlands |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Australia |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Belize living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 72.1 | 61.2 | 65.9 | 72.2 | 62.7 | 66.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.2 |  8.7 |  8.5 | 10.5 |  9.8 | 10.1
Participation rate (%) | 78.5 | 67.0 | 72.0 | 80.7 | 69.5 | 74.5
Total employed (thousands) | 11.8 | 13.4 | 25.2 | 13.6 | 14.7 | 28.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 83.7 | 77.9 | 80.3 | 79.5 | 81.4 | 80.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.1 |  6.2 |  5.8 |  8.3 |  4.1 |  5.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 43.8 |   .. |   .. | 41.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.8 |  3.8 |  6.6 |  4.2 |  5.8 |  9.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 26.6 | 26.3 | 34.9 | 30.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 14.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 15.9
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 72.4 | 73.1 | 64.3 | 68.6
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  1.0 |  0.6 |  0.8 |  0.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 12.4 | +56.1 | United States |  9.7 |  -13.9
Canada |  0.5 | +66.1 | Mexico |  1.2 |  +65.4
United Kingdom |  0.5 | +85.0 | Canada |  0.6 |   -3.3
Australia |  0.0 |    .. | United Kingdom |  0.4 |   -8.7
Spain |  0.0 |    .. | Italy |  0.0 | +733.3
Total | 13.5 | +56.0 | Total | 11.9 |   -8.6

International students from Belize in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 491 | 411 | 358
Canada |  32 |  33 |  39
United Kingdom |  25 |  32 |  27
Germany |  10 |  10 |   6
Korea |   1 |   2 |   5
Total | 570 | 501 | 445

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (847, 0%), MEX (66, 0%), CAN (50, 0%), JPN (17, 0%), CHL (6, 0%), KOR (6, 0%), DEU (5, 0%), ESP (4, 0%), ITA (3, 0%), AUS (2, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 39 | 52 | 51 | .. | 41
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (37%), Cuba (9%), Mexico (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270630

Bolivia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.7 |  |  | Bolivia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 113/187 | 25/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 2 868 |  |  | GDP per capita | 129/209 | 27/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 6.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 104/203 | 30/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 12.72 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 108/144 | 19/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 35%; “15-64”: 60%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Bolivia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 299.4 | 332.2 | 631.6 | 127.7 | 160.3 | 288.0 | 171.6 | 171.8 | 343.4 | 87.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  36.0 |  46.7 |  82.6 |    .. |    .. |    .. | 22.6
15-24 (%) |  18.8 |  17.1 |  17.9 |  17.9 |  14.1 |  15.8 |  19.4 |  19.9 |  19.6 | 18.7
25-64 (%) |  74.3 |  76.1 |  75.3 |  78.7 |  82.0 |  80.5 |  71.1 |  70.6 |  70.8 | 75.3
65+ (%) |   6.9 |   6.8 |   6.9 |   3.4 |   3.9 |   3.7 |   9.5 |   9.6 |   9.5 |  6.0
Low educated (%) |  59.6 |  60.0 |  59.8 |  34.6 |  37.3 |  36.1 |  78.0 |  81.1 |  79.6 | 28.5
Highly educated (%) |  13.0 |  12.2 |  12.6 |  23.9 |  21.1 |  22.4 |   5.0 |   3.8 |   4.4 | 28.0
Total emigration rates (%) |   8.5 |   9.3 |   8.9 |   3.8 |   4.7 |   4.2 |   5.0 |   5.0 |   5.0 |  1.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   6.5 |   7.3 |   6.9 |   5.1 |   6.2 |   5.6 |   1.5 |   1.3 |   1.4 |  3.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Argentina | 303.9 | 48.1 |   .. | 50.4 |  2.4 | 19.1 | 214.3
Spain | 162.1 | 25.7 | 38.9 | 56.5 | 12.2 | 17.0 |  12.4
United States |  73.1 | 11.6 |  8.4 | 52.9 | 37.8 | 10.8 |  50.1
Brazil |  32.6 |  5.2 |   .. | 45.5 | 14.3 | 25.6 |  19.2
Chile |  13.2 |  2.1 | 36.8 | 59.6 | 22.2 | 24.2 |  10.5
Italy |  11.2 |  1.8 | 27.8 | 66.2 | 13.4 | 18.4 |   1.7
Mexico |   4.8 |  0.8 | 27.2 | 51.4 | 60.8 | 11.7 |   1.3
Peru |   4.1 |  0.6 |   .. | 57.5 | 45.7 | 18.4 |   4.1
Canada |   3.9 |  0.6 | 20.5 | 54.4 | 41.3 | 21.7 |   2.3
Switzerland |   3.7 |  0.6 | 40.8 | 50.0 | 34.3 | 20.3 |   1.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Bolivia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 70.7 | 53.7 | 61.9 | 60.7 | 61.5 |  61.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.0 |  9.6 |  8.2 | 28.2 | 20.5 |  24.1
Participation rate (%) | 76.0 | 59.4 | 67.4 | 84.6 | 77.4 |  80.6
Total employed (thousands) | 28.0 | 22.9 | 50.9 | 73.4 | 93.9 | 167.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 79.1 | 63.0 | 71.2 | 76.5 | 71.7 |  73.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.5 |  7.4 |  5.8 | 15.3 | 13.5 |  14.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 42.1 |   .. |   .. |  56.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  9.3 |  7.0 | 16.3 | 21.0 | 22.8 |  43.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 28.8 | 19.4 | 13.4 |  16.4
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   7.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   9.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 63.2 | 62.9 | 48.8 |  55.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.1 | 17.7 | 37.8 |  28.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 27.6 |  +82.1 | Spain |  77.9 | +1 211.7
Spain | 19.7 | +619.2 | United States |  10.4 |     +5.8
Chile |  2.9 | +112.9 | Italy |   4.7 |   +562.6
Mexico |  2.9 | +236.4 | Chile |   3.9 |    -29.9
United Kingdom |  1.7 | +347.6 | Canada |   1.5 |   +123.7
Total | 63.4 | +162.2 | Total | 102.4 |   +315.5

International students from Bolivia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Spain |   241 | 1 060 | 1 206
United States |   965 | 1 030 |   993
France |   310 |   290 |   296
Chile |   390 |   437 |   190
Italy |   138 |   141 |   185
Total | 2 536 | 3 502 | 3 489

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CHL (13 563, 12%), ESP (6 025, 1%), USA (1 948, 0%), ITA (1 027, 0%), DEU (312, 0%), JPN (251, 0%), SWE (205, 0%), CHE (179, 0%), FRA (132, 0%), MEX (122, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 25 | 37 | 29 | 24 | 27
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 15
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 34
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (21%), Argentina (19%), United States (14%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270649

Brazil

Total population 2013 (millions) | 200.4 |  |  | Brazil compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 79/187 | 13/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 11 208 |  |  | GDP per capita | 64/209 | 9/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 170/203 | 37/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 6.79 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 134/144 | 23/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 24%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 8% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Brazil living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 499.5 | 654.8 | 1 154.3 | 439.3 | 586.7 | 1 026.0 | 58.8 | 66.5 | 125.3 | 555.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  94.3 | 144.4 |   238.7 |   .. |   .. |    .. | 131.4
15-24 (%) |  17.3 |  13.8 |    15.3 |  18.0 |  14.0 |    15.7 | 12.3 | 11.4 |  11.8 |  21.4
25-64 (%) |  79.2 |  81.2 |    80.3 |  79.5 |  81.9 |    80.8 | 76.7 | 75.3 |  76.0 |  74.4
65+ (%) |   3.5 |   5.1 |     4.4 |   2.5 |   4.1 |     3.4 | 11.0 | 13.3 |  12.2 |   4.2
Low educated (%) |  36.1 |  33.8 |    34.8 |  30.4 |  29.4 |    29.8 | 78.8 | 72.6 |  75.5 |  31.9
Highly educated (%) |  25.7 |  29.4 |    27.8 |  28.0 |  31.5 |    30.0 |  8.5 | 10.5 |   9.5 |  27.2
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.7 |   0.9 |     0.8 |   0.6 |   0.8 |     0.7 |  0.1 |  0.1 |   0.1 |   0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   2.6 |   2.8 |     2.7 |   2.5 |   2.7 |     2.6 |  0.1 |  0.1 |   0.1 |   1.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 337.3 | 29.2 | 15.2 | 53.3 | 35.2 | 14.9 | 199.6
Portugal | 125.5 | 10.9 | 37.8 | 58.7 | 15.4 | 16.3 |  45.2
Japan | 122.4 | 10.6 |   .. | 45.5 |  9.8 | 16.9 | 157.9
Spain |  91.2 |  7.9 | 41.8 | 63.2 | 22.8 | 14.5 |  29.3
Italy |  75.7 |  6.6 | 25.3 | 68.3 | 16.6 | 17.4 |  34.8
Paraguay |  72.6 |  6.3 |   .. | 47.5 |  2.3 | 11.1 |  73.7
France |  48.3 |  4.2 | 31.1 | 56.8 | 26.8 | 25.1 |  13.1
United Kingdom |  48.3 |  4.2 | 53.6 | 55.5 | 57.1 | 12.2 |  14.0
Germany |  38.2 |  3.3 | 20.4 | 73.7 | 34.5 | 12.1 |    ..
Argentina |  32.6 |  2.8 |   .. | 61.2 | 11.2 | 11.4 |  32.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Brazil living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  80.2 |  57.5 |  68.0 |  75.5 |  57.3 |  65.1
Unemployment rate (%) |   4.7 |   9.2 |   6.8 |  10.8 |  16.8 |  13.9
Participation rate (%) |  84.2 |  63.3 |  73.0 |  84.6 |  68.9 |  75.7
Total employed (thousands) | 195.7 | 162.6 | 358.3 | 314.9 | 317.2 | 632.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.0 |  62.5 |  71.9 |  84.1 |  63.6 |  71.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.5 |   7.9 |   5.7 |   6.6 |  12.5 |   9.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  47.9 |    .. |    .. |  42.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  51.7 |  49.1 | 100.8 |  95.5 | 109.8 | 205.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  22.6 |  26.5 |  25.1 |  26.6
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  73.2 |  67.1 |  61.1 |  62.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   4.2 |   6.5 |  13.8 |  10.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 118.7 |  +78.1 | United States |  58.2 |  +31.0
United Kingdom |  27.6 | +292.1 | Portugal |  57.8 | +144.3
Spain |  20.8 | +180.5 | Spain |  40.4 | +173.3
Portugal |  19.3 | +120.8 | Italy |  32.0 |  +80.2
Canada |  16.5 | +172.3 | Japan |  32.0 |  -28.5
Total | 295.7 | +105.2 | Total | 294.0 |  +74.0

International students from Brazil in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  7 586 |  8 708 |  8 745
Portugal |  1 713 |  2 801 |  5 172
France |  2 941 |  3 540 |  4 039
Germany |  1 803 |  2 131 |  1 994
Spain |    964 |  1 969 |  1 541
Total | 20 147 | 25 009 | 27 615

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): PRT (11 715, 34%), USA (11 441, 1%), ESP (7 762, 2%), DEU (7 091, 0%), JPN (5 790, 1%), ITA (5 716, 1%), FRA (2 927, 1%), CHE (1 942, 1%), CHL (1 730, 1%), CAN (1 615, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 12 | 25 | 15 | 13 | 14
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (36%), Spain (7%), Italy (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270656

Colombia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 48.3 |  |  | Colombia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 98/187 | 20/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 7 831 |  |  | GDP per capita | 76/209 | 14/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 116/203 | 32/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 12.00 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 65/144 | 13/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 28%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Colombia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 585.3 | 762.2 | 1 347.5 | 507.7 | 671.1 | 1 178.8 | 77.4 | 90.7 | 168.1 | 696.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  94.5 | 127.6 |   222.1 |   .. |   .. |    .. | 242.1
15-24 (%) |  18.9 |  13.7 |    16.0 |  18.8 |  13.1 |    15.5 | 19.4 | 18.5 |  18.9 |  16.3
25-64 (%) |  74.6 |  77.8 |    76.4 |  74.9 |  78.4 |    76.9 | 72.3 | 73.2 |  72.8 |  77.8
65+ (%) |   6.5 |   8.5 |     7.6 |   6.3 |   8.5 |     7.5 |  8.2 |  8.2 |   8.2 |   5.9
Low educated (%) |  28.5 |  27.7 |    28.1 |  26.4 |  25.8 |    26.1 | 42.7 | 42.2 |  42.4 |  34.0
Highly educated (%) |  30.4 |  31.4 |    30.9 |  31.4 |  32.7 |    32.2 | 23.0 | 21.0 |  21.9 |  25.1
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.5 |   4.3 |     3.9 |   3.0 |   3.8 |     3.4 |  0.5 |  0.5 |   0.5 |   2.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  10.5 |  12.8 |    11.7 |   9.6 |  11.9 |    10.8 |  1.1 |  1.1 |   1.1 |   6.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 620.8 | 46.1 |  8.1 | 57.3 | 34.3 | 11.3 | 472.0
Spain | 341.3 | 25.3 | 32.1 | 55.4 | 20.0 | 20.7 | 143.5
Ecuador |  78.0 |  5.8 |   .. | 53.6 |  9.4 | 20.0 |  45.3
Canada |  56.7 |  4.2 | 42.7 | 53.2 | 55.5 | 18.6 |  15.8
Panama |  39.7 |  2.9 |   .. | 55.1 | 16.8 | 15.1 |  19.1
Italy |  27.4 |  2.0 | 19.0 | 68.4 | 17.4 | 21.4 |  12.9
United Kingdom |  24.7 |  1.8 | 31.1 | 58.8 | 50.3 | 14.0 |  10.9
France |  20.8 |  1.5 | 20.3 | 58.3 | 39.9 | 26.2 |   9.2
Chile |  16.9 |  1.3 | 74.7 | 59.3 | 49.2 | 16.6 |   3.7
Costa Rica |  15.0 |  1.1 |   .. | 52.5 | 42.9 | 16.9 |   5.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Colombia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  67.0 |  52.7 |  59.0 |  68.0 |  58.5 |  62.6
Unemployment rate (%) |   9.8 |  12.9 |  11.4 |  18.7 |  20.7 |  19.7
Participation rate (%) |  74.3 |  60.6 |  66.6 |  83.6 |  73.7 |  78.0
Total employed (thousands) | 192.0 | 194.4 | 386.4 | 317.5 | 354.9 | 672.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  76.0 |  59.5 |  66.9 |  82.1 |  68.0 |  73.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.8 |   9.7 |   8.2 |   9.3 |  13.6 |  11.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  45.2 |    .. |    .. |  45.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  56.8 |  55.1 | 111.9 | 121.9 | 141.9 | 263.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  23.8 |  28.0 |  27.0 |  28.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  10.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  66.9 |  64.8 |  60.5 |  61.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   9.3 |   7.2 |  12.6 |  10.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 212.9 |  +75.4 | Spain | 142.7 |  +86.7
Spain |  68.3 | +173.2 | United States | 114.9 |  -15.4
Canada |  31.5 | +308.4 | Italy |  11.2 |  +80.0
United Kingdom |  12.4 | +241.4 | Canada |   8.6 | +190.1
Chile |   8.3 | +488.0 | United Kingdom |   6.2 |  +85.8
Total | 375.2 | +116.0 | Total | 304.1 |  +29.3

International students from Colombia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  6 669 |  6 859 |  6 097
Spain |  1 361 |  5 792 |  5 855
France |  2 281 |  2 578 |  2 979
Australia |    740 |  1 094 |  1 245
Germany |  1 074 |  1 292 |  1 238
Total | 15 260 | 21 251 | 22 066

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (20 931, 2%), CHL (17 836, 16%), ESP (12 394, 3%), CAN (3 680, 1%), DEU (2 561, 0%), ITA (1 525, 0%), MEX (1 497, 7%), FRA (1 169, 0%), AUS (943, 0%), CHE (462, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 30 | 48 | 35 | 31 | 33
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (27%), United States (26%), Canada (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270674

Costa Rica

Total population 2013 (millions) | 4.9 |  |  | Costa Rica compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 68/187 | 10/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 10 185 |  |  | GDP per capita | 69/209 | 11/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 122/203 | 33/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 3.11 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 119/144 | 21/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 24%; “15-64”: 69%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Costa Rica living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 53.0 | 59.2 | 112.2 | 47.3 | 53.1 | 100.5 |  5.6 |  6.0 | 11.6 | 76.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  5.0 |  5.1 |  10.1 |   .. |   .. |   .. | 19.3
15-24 (%) | 16.3 | 12.4 |  14.2 | 15.0 | 10.8 |  12.7 | 28.0 | 26.2 | 27.1 | 17.3
25-64 (%) | 77.1 | 74.3 |  75.6 | 78.7 | 76.0 |  77.3 | 63.9 | 59.5 | 61.6 | 75.1
65+ (%) |  6.5 | 13.3 |  10.1 |  6.4 | 13.2 |  10.0 |  8.1 | 14.3 | 11.3 |  7.6
Low educated (%) | 29.4 | 26.1 |  27.7 | 27.8 | 23.4 |  25.5 | 44.8 | 51.9 | 48.5 | 31.5
Highly educated (%) | 27.8 | 31.7 |  29.8 | 28.1 | 32.4 |  30.4 | 24.1 | 24.2 | 24.2 | 24.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  2.9 |  3.3 |   3.1 |  2.6 |  3.0 |   2.8 |  0.3 |  0.3 |  0.3 |  2.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  4.8 |  5.6 |   5.3 |  4.4 |  5.2 |   4.8 |  0.4 |  0.4 |  0.4 |  4.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 85.3 | 76.0 |  7.3 | 52.5 | 28.0 | 11.9 | 68.1
Panama |  5.0 |  4.4 |   .. | 52.5 | 20.4 | 18.4 |  3.7
Canada |  3.8 |  3.4 | 26.2 | 52.0 | 38.2 | 14.7 |  2.2
Nicaragua |  3.3 |  3.0 |   .. | 52.0 | 11.5 | 47.4 |  3.0
Spain |  2.9 |  2.6 | 43.6 | 49.0 | 45.2 | 16.5 |  1.2
Mexico |  1.8 |  1.6 | 19.7 | 56.9 | 58.5 | 25.2 |  1.8
Switzerland |  1.4 |  1.3 | 36.6 | 69.3 | 17.9 | 10.4 |  0.4
Italy |  0.9 |  0.8 | 21.1 | 63.4 | 24.7 | 18.7 |  0.6
Netherlands |  0.7 |  0.6 | 30.4 | 61.7 | 51.0 |  9.0 |   ..
Chile |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Costa Rica living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 75.1 | 54.0 | 64.0 | 78.8 | 58.3 | 68.4
Unemployment rate (%) |  4.6 |  8.9 |  6.6 |  9.1 | 10.6 |  9.8
Participation rate (%) | 78.7 | 59.3 | 68.5 | 86.7 | 65.2 | 75.8
Total employed (thousands) | 25.2 | 20.0 | 45.3 | 34.8 | 26.8 | 61.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 82.6 | 65.4 | 73.5 | 86.3 | 66.4 | 75.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  2.3 |  4.9 |  3.5 |  6.3 |  6.3 |  6.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 38.8 |   .. |   .. | 38.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  6.9 |  6.2 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 21.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 27.0 | 24.5 | 32.6 | 28.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 15.9
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 72.1 | 74.4 | 65.9 | 70.3
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  1.0 |  1.1 |  1.6 |  1.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 23.9 |  +52.1 | United States | 21.6 |   -0.6
Canada |  1.4 | +136.9 | Spain |  1.1 | +307.1
Spain |  1.3 | +124.1 | Canada |  1.0 |  +42.2
Mexico |  1.0 |  +18.9 | Switzerland |  0.5 | +395.9
Chile |  0.7 | +341.6 | Italy |  0.4 |  +37.6
Total | 30.5 |  +61.7 | Total | 25.5 |   +6.7

International students from Costa Rica in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |   928 | 1 079 | 1 044
Spain |   110 |   186 |   142
Germany |   112 |   123 |   104
France |    96 |    96 |   101
United Kingdom |    57 |    54 |    64
Total | 1 531 | 1 826 | 1 810

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (2 020, 0%), ESP (391, 0%), DEU (242, 0%), CAN (195, 0%), MEX (132, 0%), CHL (128, 0%), ITA (66, 0%), NLD (62, 0%), CHE (62, 0%), JPN (59, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 32 | 19 | 21 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 29
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (35%), Spain (10%), Canada (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270681

Cuba

Total population 2013 (millions) | 11.3 |  |  | Cuba compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 44/187 | 1/31
GDP per capita 2011 (current USD) | 6 051 |  |  | GDP per capita | 190/209 | 36/40
GDP growth 2011 (annual, in %) | 2.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 60/203 | 21/37
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 30/144 | 7/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 16%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 13% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Cuba living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 609.8 | 640.8 | 1 250.6 | 583.8 | 620.0 | 1 203.8 | 23.9 | 19.4 | 43.3 | 927.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  72.6 |  77.9 |   150.5 |   .. |   .. |   .. | 150.3
15-24 (%) |   7.6 |   7.2 |     7.4 |   7.6 |   7.2 |     7.4 |  7.0 |  5.9 |  6.5 |   5.0
25-64 (%) |  70.0 |  64.0 |    66.9 |  69.9 |  63.8 |    66.8 | 70.9 | 70.0 | 70.5 |  68.5
65+ (%) |  22.4 |  28.8 |    25.7 |  22.5 |  29.1 |    25.9 | 22.2 | 24.1 | 23.0 |  26.5
Low educated (%) |  27.0 |  28.2 |    27.6 |  27.7 |  28.6 |    28.2 | 13.1 | 16.1 | 14.4 |  40.8
Highly educated (%) |  29.3 |  28.8 |    29.0 |  28.6 |  28.3 |    28.4 | 44.1 | 42.1 | 43.2 |  24.0
Total emigration rates (%) |  11.5 |  12.1 |    11.8 |  11.1 |  11.8 |    11.4 |  0.5 |  0.4 |  0.5 |   9.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  23.8 |  18.8 |    21.0 |  22.5 |  18.1 |    20.0 |  1.8 |  1.0 |  1.3 |  27.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 027.7 | 82.2 |  9.1 | 50.6 | 26.9 |  6.6 | 851.7
Spain |   103.9 |  8.3 | 37.4 | 52.6 | 38.4 | 10.8 |  45.2
Italy |    24.9 |  2.0 | 29.5 | 79.9 | 16.7 | 12.4 |   8.2
Puerto Rico |    18.8 |  1.5 |   .. | 49.1 | 37.3 |  1.5 |  19.8
Canada |    12.5 |  1.0 | 38.9 | 50.6 | 59.7 | 12.3 |   4.9
Mexico |    11.4 |  0.9 | 24.3 | 51.5 | 45.2 |  9.2 |   6.3
Ecuador |     7.0 |  0.6 |   .. | 37.4 | 36.2 | 10.9 |   1.1
France |     4.2 |  0.3 | 29.6 | 60.5 | 38.2 | 10.7 |   1.6
Costa Rica |     3.7 |  0.3 |   .. | 46.4 | 54.8 | 10.5 |   3.8
Dominican Republic |     3.3 |  0.3 |   .. | 40.7 | 51.2 | 11.1 |   2.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Cuba living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  68.3 |  54.5 |  61.5 |  71.9 |  59.1 |  65.6
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.4 |   9.6 |   7.8 |  13.3 |  15.0 |  14.0
Participation rate (%) |  73.1 |  60.3 |  66.8 |  82.9 |  69.5 |  76.3
Total employed (thousands) | 237.2 | 182.8 | 420.0 | 323.1 | 258.4 | 581.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  81.3 |  69.7 |  75.5 |  82.3 |  71.8 |  77.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.9 |   6.4 |   5.1 |   9.5 |  11.0 |  10.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  39.8 |    .. |    .. |  47.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  75.4 |  63.8 | 139.2 | 113.5 | 102.4 | 215.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  30.0 |  26.1 |  29.2 |  27.6
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  10.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  13.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  69.1 |  72.4 |  67.7 |  69.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   0.9 |   1.5 |   3.1 |   2.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 276.2 |  +39.9 | United States | 292.9 |  -16.4
Spain |  39.9 | +198.8 | Spain |  29.0 |  +48.3
Canada |   7.5 | +187.1 | Italy |   9.4 | +169.9
Mexico |   5.2 |  +65.7 | Canada |   1.1 |  +21.4
Italy |   4.2 | +181.5 | France |   1.1 | +144.7
Total | 341.7 |  +53.6 | Total | 338.4 |  -10.4

International students from Cuba in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Spain |   390 |   958 |   866
Italy |   115 |   118 |   154
France |    96 |   117 |   124
Germany |   110 |   124 |    83
United States |    82 |    87 |    55
Total | 1 058 | 1 727 | 1 583

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (32 820, 3%), ESP (6 083, 1%), MEX (1 913, 9%), ITA (1 847, 0%), CAN (1 285, 0%), DEU (720, 0%), CHL (419, 0%), FRA (205, 0%), CHE (134, 0%), JPN (119, 0%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270697

Dominican Republic

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.4 |  |  | Dominican Republic compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 102/187 | 23/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 5 879 |  |  | GDP per capita | 92/209 | 20/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 53/203 | 20/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 8.76 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 60/144 | 12/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 30%; “15-64”: 63%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Dominican Republic living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 445.6 | 619.9 | 1 065.4 | 413.9 | 575.1 | 989.0 | 31.3 | 44.2 | 75.5 | 695.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  57.7 |  75.3 | 133.1 |   .. |   .. |   .. | 118.7
15-24 (%) |  18.4 |  13.3 |    15.5 |  18.4 |  13.3 |  15.4 | 18.3 | 14.0 | 15.7 |  16.6
25-64 (%) |  74.0 |  76.8 |    75.6 |  74.0 |  76.8 |  75.6 | 74.2 | 77.6 | 76.2 |  76.5
65+ (%) |   7.6 |   9.8 |     8.9 |   7.6 |   9.9 |   9.0 |  7.6 |  8.4 |  8.1 |   6.9
Low educated (%) |  42.5 |  43.2 |    42.9 |  42.2 |  42.3 |  42.3 | 46.1 | 54.0 | 50.7 |  53.3
Highly educated (%) |  15.6 |  17.6 |    16.8 |  15.8 |  18.0 |  17.1 | 13.1 | 12.4 | 12.7 |  12.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  11.4 |  15.3 |    13.4 |  10.7 |  14.3 |  12.6 |  0.9 |  1.3 |  1.1 |  11.0
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  11.2 |  13.4 |    12.4 |  10.6 |  12.8 |  11.9 |  0.7 |  0.8 |  0.8 |  10.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 813.6 | 76.4 |  9.0 | 57.2 | 17.9 | 14.2 | 633.3
Spain | 106.1 | 10.0 | 40.5 | 59.8 | 13.6 | 22.2 |  36.8
Puerto Rico |  62.2 |  5.8 |   .. | 55.9 | 12.7 | 15.0 |  59.1
Italy |  30.6 |  2.9 | 27.6 | 72.6 |  7.0 | 20.8 |  12.9
Canada |   8.2 |  0.8 | 18.8 | 49.3 | 28.4 | 18.0 |   4.5
Switzerland |   7.6 |  0.7 | 28.3 | 67.5 |  9.6 | 15.8 |   4.5
Netherlands |   6.2 |  0.6 | 13.8 | 74.8 | 12.7 | 19.2 |    ..
Panama |   5.8 |  0.5 |   .. | 70.2 |  8.1 | 17.8 |   5.1
Argentina |   5.3 |  0.5 |   .. | 76.4 |  6.6 | 21.7 |   1.3
Austria |   4.4 |  0.4 | 27.9 | 61.3 |  5.1 | 22.6 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Dominican Republic living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  59.0 |  47.0 |  52.2 |  67.3 |  58.7 |  62.3
Unemployment rate (%) |  11.2 |  15.1 |  13.2 |  16.7 |  16.6 |  16.7
Participation rate (%) |  66.4 |  55.4 |  60.2 |  80.8 |  70.4 |  74.8
Total employed (thousands) | 167.2 | 171.0 | 338.2 | 253.8 | 301.0 | 554.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  76.9 |  64.6 |  69.7 |  80.1 |  72.7 |  75.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.3 |   8.3 |   6.9 |   9.6 |  11.0 |  10.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  53.8 |    .. |    .. |  56.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  26.5 |  31.6 |  58.1 |  49.7 |  72.4 | 122.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  15.3 |  14.4 |  16.4 |  15.4
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  17.3
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  81.2 |  83.0 |  76.5 |  78.9
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   3.5 |   2.6 |   7.1 |   5.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 145.3 |  +84.5 | United States | 320.5 |   -2.7
Spain |  14.4 | +240.3 | Spain |  60.4 | +135.1
Canada |   2.3 | +167.4 | Italy |  18.0 | +100.2
Italy |   2.2 | +167.6 | Switzerland |   4.5 |  +86.0
Netherlands |   0.8 |     .. | Netherlands |   3.9 |     ..
Total | 168.4 |  +96.4 | Total | 416.9 |  +12.8

International students from the Dominican Republic in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 160 | 1 388 | 1 559
Spain |   223 | 1 118 | 1 007
Italy |    73 |    96 |   132
Canada |   155 |    63 |   111
France |    71 |    85 |   110
Total | 1 806 | 2 893 | 3 052

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (41 566, 4%), ESP (11 296, 3%), CHL (4 390, 4%), ITA (2 565, 0%), CAN (640, 0%), DEU (613, 0%), FRA (445, 0%), CHE (394, 0%), MEX (177, 0%), BEL (116, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 50 | 65 | 41 | 47 | 52
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 62
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (52%), Spain (27%), Italy (3%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270700

Ecuador

Total population 2013 (millions) | 15.7 |  |  | Ecuador compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 98/187 | 21/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 6 003 |  |  | GDP per capita | 91/209 | 19/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 75/203 | 26/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 8.44 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 91/144 | 16/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 30%; “15-64”: 64%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Ecuador living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 452.9 | 473.6 | 926.5 | 442.0 | 462.4 | 904.4 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 21.2 | 512.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  58.1 |  61.2 | 119.3 |   .. |   .. |   .. | 223.8
15-24 (%) |  19.8 |  16.2 |  18.0 |  19.8 |  16.1 |  17.9 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 19.9 |  20.7
25-64 (%) |  75.5 |  77.0 |  76.3 |  75.8 |  77.2 |  76.5 | 65.5 | 65.2 | 65.3 |  74.9
65+ (%) |   4.6 |   6.8 |   5.8 |   4.4 |   6.6 |   5.5 | 15.5 | 14.2 | 14.8 |   4.5
Low educated (%) |  44.1 |  39.6 |  41.8 |  44.3 |  39.7 |  41.9 | 38.4 | 39.5 | 39.0 |  48.6
Highly educated (%) |  15.5 |  17.9 |  16.7 |  15.0 |  17.6 |  16.4 | 35.1 | 28.2 | 31.6 |  15.3
Total emigration rates (%) |   8.0 |   8.4 |   8.2 |   7.9 |   8.2 |   8.0 |  0.2 |  0.2 |  0.2 |   5.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   7.3 |   8.6 |   7.9 |   6.9 |   8.3 |   7.6 |  0.4 |  0.3 |  0.4 |   6.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 415.4 | 44.8 |  8.5 | 48.4 | 20.3 | 12.9 | 280.5
Spain | 367.1 | 39.6 | 15.9 | 51.2 |  9.7 | 23.2 | 190.0
Italy |  68.5 |  7.4 | 17.3 | 62.4 |  9.3 | 21.3 |  12.2
Canada |  13.3 |  1.4 | 11.4 | 55.8 | 40.4 |  9.0 |  10.7
Chile |   8.6 |  0.9 | 54.6 | 63.6 | 44.4 | 14.0 |   7.9
Colombia |   8.5 |  0.9 |   .. | 52.3 | 20.1 | 20.4 |   9.3
United Kingdom |   8.3 |  0.9 | 23.5 | 53.6 | 40.7 | 20.6 |   2.4
Belgium |   4.7 |  0.5 | 50.9 | 61.1 | 11.4 | 23.0 |   1.0
Switzerland |   4.1 |  0.4 | 31.9 | 58.9 | 29.9 | 24.2 |   1.4
Argentina |   3.9 |  0.4 |   .. | 51.2 | 35.5 | 30.6 |   1.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Ecuador living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  71.7 |  56.8 |  64.3 |  66.8 |  57.3 |  61.9
Unemployment rate (%) |   9.4 |  12.5 |  10.8 |  22.4 |  23.2 |  22.7
Participation rate (%) |  79.2 |  64.9 |  72.1 |  86.0 |  74.5 |  80.2
Total employed (thousands) | 177.1 | 137.4 | 314.6 | 277.6 | 244.3 | 521.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  77.8 |  64.1 |  70.5 |  79.8 |  67.1 |  72.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   7.1 |   8.6 |   7.8 |  12.8 |  15.5 |  14.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  55.5 |    .. |    .. |  59.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  27.4 |  25.8 |  53.3 |  49.2 |  51.6 | 100.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  13.8 |  12.0 |  13.2 |  12.9
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   5.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  64.7 |  76.1 |  60.7 |  68.5
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  21.5 |  11.8 |  26.1 |  18.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  84.3 |  +82.1 | Spain | 195.6 |  +59.0
Spain |  35.7 |  +64.8 | United States | 135.8 |  +22.0
Italy |   6.4 | +311.0 | Italy |  31.6 | +453.3
Canada |   5.4 |  +81.9 | United Kingdom |   2.5 | +244.0
Chile |   3.8 |  +67.8 | Canada |   2.3 |  -31.0
Total | 146.1 |  +87.2 | Total | 373.9 |  +50.8

International students from Ecuador in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Spain |   478 | 2 825 | 3 609
United States | 2 154 | 2 212 | 2 092
Italy |   468 |   686 |   879
France |   275 |   362 |   425
Germany |   318 |   362 |   357
Total | 4 743 | 7 703 | 8 499

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (9 342, 0%), ESP (7 594, 2%), CHL (3 598, 3%), ITA (3 037, 0%), DEU (815, 0%), CAN (350, 0%), BEL (298, 0%), CHE (281, 0%), FRA (219, 0%), MEX (199, 1%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 29 | 18 | 15 | 20
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 30
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (39%), Spain (23%), Italy (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270718

El Salvador

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.3 |  |  | El Salvador compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 115/187 | 26/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 826 |  |  | GDP per capita | 113/209 | 24/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 33/203 | 17/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 8.75 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 31/144 | 8/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 30%; “15-64”: 63%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in El Salvador living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 634.2 | 607.2 | 1 241.3 | 626.8 | 599.0 | 1 225.8 |  7.4 |  8.1 | 15.5 | 835.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  49.8 |  47.5 |    97.3 |   .. |   .. |   .. | 137.8
15-24 (%) |  12.9 |  10.7 |    11.8 |  12.9 |  10.7 |    11.8 |  9.6 | 10.2 |  9.9 |  20.0
25-64 (%) |  83.7 |  82.1 |    82.9 |  83.7 |  82.2 |    83.0 | 79.4 | 76.9 | 78.1 |  76.3
65+ (%) |   3.5 |   7.2 |     5.3 |   3.4 |   7.2 |     5.2 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 12.0 |   3.7
Low educated (%) |  54.7 |  52.7 |    53.7 |  54.9 |  52.7 |    53.8 | 42.8 | 51.0 | 47.2 |  63.0
Highly educated (%) |  10.0 |  11.4 |    10.7 |   9.8 |  11.3 |    10.5 | 27.5 | 22.7 | 24.9 |   7.7
Total emigration rates (%) |  24.0 |  21.5 |    22.7 |  23.8 |  21.3 |    22.5 |  0.4 |  0.4 |  0.4 |  18.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  19.8 |  21.3 |    20.5 |  19.3 |  20.8 |    20.0 |  0.8 |  0.7 |  0.7 |  15.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 142.0 | 92.0 |  7.7 | 48.5 |  9.1 | 11.9 | 775.0
Canada |    43.4 |  3.5 |  7.6 | 49.5 | 36.7 |  8.1 |  37.0
Australia |     9.5 |  0.8 |  2.4 | 52.0 | 32.3 |  8.2 |   8.8
Italy |     9.1 |  0.7 | 24.1 | 69.8 |  6.2 | 16.3 |   3.6
Costa Rica |     8.9 |  0.7 |   .. | 55.4 | 25.9 |  9.1 |   8.3
Mexico |     8.2 |  0.7 | 17.2 | 59.0 | 16.4 |  9.9 |   5.3
Spain |     7.5 |  0.6 | 47.3 | 60.7 | 27.6 | 14.5 |   1.8
Panama |     2.6 |  0.2 |   .. | 51.2 | 18.2 | 13.6 |   1.9
Sweden |     2.1 |  0.2 | 12.4 | 48.6 | 26.8 | 10.7 |   2.2
Nicaragua |     1.8 |  0.2 |   .. | 47.0 | 29.3 | 11.0 |   1.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in El Salvador living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  69.5 |  51.8 |  61.0 |  83.5 |  64.1 |  74.2
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.7 |  10.6 |   8.3 |   7.8 |  10.3 |   8.9
Participation rate (%) |  74.6 |  57.9 |  66.6 |  90.6 |  71.4 |  81.4
Total employed (thousands) | 291.4 | 199.8 | 491.2 | 502.5 | 354.3 | 856.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  79.7 |  68.7 |  74.3 |  87.9 |  74.3 |  80.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.5 |   5.9 |   5.7 |   5.9 |   8.5 |   7.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  54.9 |    .. |    .. |  57.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  25.0 |  21.2 |  46.2 |  51.3 |  47.2 |  98.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  10.4 |   8.9 |  12.5 |  10.4
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  12.3
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  87.8 |  90.1 |  85.4 |  88.1
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   1.8 |   1.1 |   2.1 |   1.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 103.4 | +101.7 | United States | 632.0 |  +26.0
Canada |  15.9 |  +85.7 | Canada |  10.9 |  -22.7
Australia |   3.1 |  +77.3 | Mexico |   5.3 |  +89.4
Spain |   2.1 | +510.3 | Italy |   4.8 | +108.4
Mexico |   1.4 |   +6.9 | Spain |   3.6 | +242.4
Total | 128.8 | +100.0 | Total | 659.0 |  +25.3

International students from El Salvador in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |   941 | 1 197 | 1 115
Spain |   101 |   263 |   202
France |   151 |   176 |   173
Germany |    72 |    89 |   164
Canada |    56 |    48 |    63
Total | 1 562 | 2 003 | 1 944

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (16 256, 1%), ITA (1 036, 0%), ESP (928, 0%), CAN (610, 0%), MEX (399, 2%), CHL (178, 0%), DEU (138, 0%), JPN (102, 0%), SWE (80, 0%), FRA (60, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 36 | 46 | 47 | 32 | 37
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 11
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 46
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (52%), Spain (12%), Canada (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270800

Guatemala

Total population 2013 (millions) | 15.5 |  |  | Guatemala compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 125/187 | 28/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 478 |  |  | GDP per capita | 119/209 | 26/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 73/203 | 25/37
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 29.79 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 37/144 | 9/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 40%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Guatemala living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 474.2 | 337.6 | 811.8 | 467.4 | 330.6 | 798.1 |  6.1 |  6.2 | 12.3 | 485.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  71.4 |  32.3 | 103.7 |   .. |   .. |   .. | 109.0
15-24 (%) |  20.3 |  15.4 |  18.3 |  20.3 |  15.2 |  18.2 | 22.1 | 24.2 | 23.1 |  23.3
25-64 (%) |  77.2 |  78.6 |  77.8 |  77.3 |  78.8 |  77.9 | 72.2 | 67.4 | 69.8 |  73.1
65+ (%) |   2.5 |   6.0 |   3.9 |   2.4 |   6.0 |   3.9 |  5.7 |  8.5 |  7.1 |   3.5
Low educated (%) |  59.0 |  55.8 |  57.7 |  59.3 |  55.8 |  57.8 | 42.3 | 53.9 | 48.1 |  63.7
Highly educated (%) |   9.1 |  11.8 |  10.3 |   8.8 |  11.7 |  10.0 | 32.2 | 19.7 | 25.8 |   8.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  10.4 |   7.3 |   8.8 |  10.3 |   7.1 |   8.7 |  0.2 |  0.1 |  0.2 |   7.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  18.8 |  17.0 |  17.9 |  18.1 |  16.5 |  17.3 |  1.0 |  0.6 |  0.8 |  18.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 741.2 | 91.3 | 13.4 | 40.5 |  9.2 | 17.9 | 446.1
Mexico |  28.3 |  3.5 | 18.5 | 55.0 |  4.6 | 24.2 |  21.6
Canada |  15.2 |  1.9 |  6.5 | 48.3 | 34.3 | 13.2 |  12.5
El Salvador |   6.0 |  0.7 |   .. | 54.7 |  7.3 | 28.0 |   6.1
Spain |   5.7 |  0.7 | 41.2 | 59.3 | 34.9 | 23.1 |   1.4
Costa Rica |   2.2 |  0.3 |   .. | 49.2 | 54.7 | 18.7 |   1.7
Italy |   1.7 |  0.2 | 17.3 | 61.6 | 17.6 | 25.6 |   1.0
France |   1.3 |  0.2 | 19.3 | 51.4 | 38.3 | 46.1 |   0.7
Panama |   1.1 |  0.1 |   .. | 37.7 | 33.3 | 17.5 |   0.5
Malawi |   1.0 |  0.1 |   .. | 52.6 |  1.0 | 34.0 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Guatemala living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  69.8 | 46.8 |  59.7 |  84.0 |  54.3 |  71.9
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.7 | 11.0 |   8.2 |   7.6 |  12.2 |   9.0
Participation rate (%) |  74.8 | 52.5 |  65.0 |  90.8 |  61.8 |  79.1
Total employed (thousands) | 182.9 | 96.6 | 279.5 | 380.6 | 167.7 | 548.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  79.1 | 64.1 |  72.0 |  86.4 |  70.3 |  78.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.0 |  7.1 |   5.3 |   5.8 |   7.9 |   6.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  55.0 |    .. |    .. |  57.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  16.3 | 11.9 |  28.1 |  34.2 |  25.7 |  59.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  10.4 |   7.3 |  12.9 |   9.2
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   5.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  13.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  88.1 |  91.8 |  84.9 |  89.4
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   1.5 |   0.9 |   2.2 |   1.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 68.2 |  +97.0 | United States | 428.8 |  +50.9
Canada |  5.2 |  +86.3 | Mexico |  24.6 |  +34.1
Spain |  2.0 | +330.4 | Canada |   3.9 |  -14.5
Mexico |  1.3 |  -28.8 | Spain |   2.1 | +261.2
Switzerland |  0.5 | +396.1 | Italy |   0.6 |  +16.5
Total | 79.7 |  +96.1 | Total | 461.2 |  +49.3

International students from Guatemala in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 020 |   983 | 1 015
Spain |    93 |   236 |   188
France |    94 |    96 |    89
Chile |   134 |   113 |    88
Germany |    86 |    85 |    78
Total | 1 667 | 1 824 | 1 814

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (10 341, 1%), ESP (663, 0%), MEX (527, 2%), CAN (345, 0%), CHL (179, 0%), DEU (163, 0%), JPN (90, 0%), ITA (83, 0%), CHE (40, 0%), NLD (37, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 26 | 35 | 36 | 31 | 28
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 31
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (49%), Spain (15%), Canada (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270724

Haiti

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.3 |  |  | Haiti compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 168/187 | 31/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 820 |  |  | GDP per capita | 163/209 | 30/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 69/203 | 23/37
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 2/144 | 2/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 35%; “15-64”: 61%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Haiti living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 497.7 | 481.3 | 979.0 | 317.3 | 378.2 | 695.5 | 180.1 | 102.9 | 283.0 | 462.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  30.6 |  40.4 |  71.0 |    .. |    .. |    .. |  72.1
15-24 (%) |  18.6 |  16.5 |  17.6 |  12.7 |  11.9 |  12.2 |  29.0 |  33.5 |  30.7 |  14.5
25-64 (%) |  73.4 |  72.7 |  73.1 |  76.8 |  75.1 |  75.9 |  67.3 |  64.0 |  66.1 |  77.2
65+ (%) |   8.0 |  10.8 |   9.4 |  10.5 |  13.0 |  11.9 |   3.6 |   2.4 |   3.2 |   8.4
Low educated (%) |  50.9 |  44.8 |  47.9 |  28.4 |  32.6 |  30.7 |  90.6 |  89.5 |  90.2 |  39.3
Highly educated (%) |  16.9 |  18.0 |  17.5 |  25.8 |  22.7 |  24.1 |   1.3 |   1.1 |   1.3 |  20.0
Total emigration rates (%) |  13.8 |  13.1 |  13.4 |   9.2 |  10.6 |   9.9 |   5.4 |   3.1 |   4.3 |   8.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  84.1 |  68.7 |  75.4 |  83.7 |  68.4 |  75.1 |  13.2 |   2.8 |   6.0 |  70.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 548.2 | 56.0 |  9.2 | 53.8 | 23.4 | 12.1 | 391.3
Dominican Republic | 281.3 | 28.7 |   .. | 36.4 |  1.1 | 30.7 |  56.6
Canada |  78.9 |  8.1 | 20.8 | 56.4 | 39.9 | 10.5 |  49.7
France |  62.4 |  6.4 | 12.2 | 56.7 |  9.8 | 15.3 |  18.7
Belgium |   1.5 |  0.2 | 16.5 | 56.5 | 21.9 | 30.3 |   0.9
Switzerland |   0.7 |  0.1 | 18.1 | 71.6 | 28.0 |   .. |   1.0
Ecuador |   0.7 |  0.1 |   .. | 32.8 |  6.0 | 20.9 |   0.0
Netherlands |   0.7 |  0.1 | 39.0 | 72.0 | 15.5 | 53.8 |    ..
Mexico |   0.6 |  0.1 | 68.4 | 46.5 | 44.5 | 11.7 |   0.3
Italy |   0.5 |  0.1 | 17.0 | 63.7 | 19.6 | 23.5 |   0.3

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Haiti living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  65.8 |  59.8 |  62.7 |  70.9 |  65.6 |  68.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  10.4 |  12.1 |  11.2 |  14.3 |  14.6 |  14.5
Participation rate (%) |  73.5 |  68.1 |  70.6 |  82.8 |  76.8 |  79.6
Total employed (thousands) | 133.1 | 132.8 | 265.9 | 199.7 | 214.3 | 413.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  76.3 |  74.8 |  75.6 |  81.1 |  78.2 |  79.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.9 |   6.1 |   6.5 |  10.2 |   8.9 |   9.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  43.5 |    .. |    .. |  46.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  32.7 |  33.7 |  66.4 |  60.1 |  62.2 | 122.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  21.3 |  19.4 |  26.8 |  23.0
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  28.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  12.3
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  76.0 |  78.6 |  71.8 |  73.6
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   2.7 |   2.0 |   1.5 |   3.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 128.2 |  +72.6 | United States | 153.0 |     +0.6
Canada |  31.5 | +100.8 | France |  40.1 |   +245.4
France |   6.1 | +255.8 | Canada |  18.4 |     +8.0
Belgium |   0.3 |  +79.8 | Belgium |   0.4 |    +43.7
Mexico |   0.3 |  +17.9 | Chile |   0.4 | +3 718.2
Total | 167.4 |  +80.8 | Total | 213.5 |    +17.4

International students from Haiti in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 1 289 | 1 248 | 1 709
United States |   873 | 1 003 |   861
Canada |   868 |   423 |   471
Chile |    26 |    39 |    31
Turkey |    .. |    10 |    25
Total | 3 129 | 2 823 | 3 197

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (22 818, 2%), CAN (5 600, 2%), FRA (3 333, 2%), CHL (1 792, 1%), DEU (116, 0%), ESP (70, 0%), JPN (69, 0%), MEX (65, 0%), CHE (36, 0%), ITA (34, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 50 | 60 | 53 | 48 | 52
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 41
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (45%), Canada (13%), France (13%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270749

Honduras

Total population 2013 (millions) | 8.1 |  |  | Honduras compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 129/187 | 29/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 2 291 |  |  | GDP per capita | 132/209 | 28/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 70/203 | 24/37
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 29.20 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 55/144 | 11/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 35%; “15-64”: 60%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Honduras living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 275.1 | 267.1 | 542.3 | 264.6 | 253.3 | 518.0 | 10.3 | 13.5 | 23.7 | 275.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  43.2 |  33.9 |  77.1 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  82.9
15-24 (%) |  21.3 |  15.4 |  18.4 |  20.6 |  14.3 |  17.5 | 40.1 | 35.6 | 37.5 |  22.2
25-64 (%) |  76.1 |  78.9 |  77.5 |  77.1 |  80.3 |  78.7 | 51.9 | 53.1 | 52.6 |  73.5
65+ (%) |   2.5 |   5.7 |   4.1 |   2.3 |   5.4 |   3.8 |  8.0 | 11.3 |  9.9 |   4.4
Low educated (%) |  57.9 |  48.8 |  53.5 |  57.3 |  47.4 |  52.4 | 76.0 | 76.3 | 76.1 |  57.1
Highly educated (%) |   9.2 |  13.9 |  11.5 |   9.2 |  14.1 |  11.6 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 10.6 |  10.6
Total emigration rates (%) |  10.3 |  10.0 |  10.1 |   9.9 |   9.5 |   9.7 |  0.4 |  0.6 |  0.5 |   7.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  12.4 |  14.9 |  13.8 |  11.9 |  14.5 |  13.3 |  0.6 |  0.6 |  0.6 |  13.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 469.4 | 86.6 | 12.6 | 47.3 | 10.9 | 17.4 | 263.6
Spain |  27.0 |  5.0 | 61.4 | 67.3 | 12.1 | 19.9 |   2.6
El Salvador |   9.4 |  1.7 |   .. | 60.2 |  3.3 | 31.3 |   9.4
Mexico |   9.2 |  1.7 | 23.5 | 55.1 |  8.8 | 19.4 |   3.4
Nicaragua |   8.9 |  1.6 |   .. | 52.0 |  3.6 | 57.8 |   9.1
Canada |   5.8 |  1.1 | 18.6 | 50.6 | 33.3 | 16.4 |   4.0
Costa Rica |   3.4 |  0.6 |   .. | 58.9 | 32.3 | 19.2 |   2.6
Chile |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   0.2
Italy |   1.6 |  0.3 | 30.1 | 75.3 | 11.5 | 15.7 |   0.6
Panama |   1.0 |  0.2 |   .. | 55.7 | 34.0 |  7.2 |   0.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Honduras living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 68.9 | 49.7 |  59.2 |  79.0 |  58.7 |  69.3
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.1 | 12.4 |   9.9 |  10.8 |  13.8 |  12.1
Participation rate (%) | 74.9 | 56.7 |  65.8 |  88.6 |  68.1 |  78.7
Total employed (thousands) | 90.3 | 66.0 | 156.3 | 202.6 | 139.7 | 342.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 80.1 | 65.6 |  72.0 |  86.7 |  68.8 |  76.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.5 |  6.5 |   5.5 |   7.2 |   9.5 |   8.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  56.2 |    .. |    .. |  61.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 10.0 | 10.2 |  20.2 |  19.8 |  23.4 |  43.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  11.5 |   6.9 |  12.0 |   9.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   8.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  14.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  87.7 |  92.1 |  82.8 |  88.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   0.8 |   1.0 |   5.1 |   2.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 51.4 |    +93.9 | United States | 244.8 |  +61.4
Spain |  3.3 |   +527.9 | Spain |  15.3 | +932.8
Canada |  1.9 |   +120.4 | Mexico |   7.1 | +260.9
Chile |  0.9 | +1 329.2 | Canada |   1.6 |   +1.0
Mexico |  0.8 |     +3.3 | Italy |   0.7 | +142.6
Total | 59.8 |   +104.4 | Total | 271.1 |  +72.1

International students from Honduras in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 069 | 1 325 | 1 363
Spain |    83 |   230 |   226
France |    42 |    56 |    60
Germany |    46 |    49 |    44
Italy |    15 |    20 |    33
Total | 1 417 | 1 820 | 1 877

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (6 884, 0%), ESP (6 016, 1%), MEX (462, 2%), CAN (430, 0%), ITA (196, 0%), CHL (145, 0%), DEU (135, 0%), JPN (56, 0%), FRA (33, 0%), CHE (24, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 39 | 47 | 47 | 43 | 40
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (49%), Spain (28%), Canada (4%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270730

Jamaica

Total population 2013 (millions) | 2.7 |  |  | Jamaica compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 96/187 | 18/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 5 290 |  |  | GDP per capita | 97/209 | 21/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 23/203 | 12/37
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 6/144 | 5/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 27%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 8% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Jamaica living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 408.7 | 528.3 | 937.0 | 407.7 | 527.3 | 935.0 |  0.9 |  0.8 |  1.7 | 789.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  28.7 |  30.4 |  59.1 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  75.7
15-24 (%) |  10.2 |   7.5 |   8.7 |  10.2 |   7.5 |   8.7 | 12.7 | 11.0 | 11.9 |  11.6
25-64 (%) |  72.1 |  72.9 |  72.6 |  72.0 |  72.9 |  72.6 | 74.7 | 69.8 | 72.2 |  74.7
65+ (%) |  17.8 |  19.5 |  18.8 |  17.8 |  19.5 |  18.8 | 12.6 | 19.2 | 15.9 |  13.7
Low educated (%) |  26.6 |  21.6 |  23.8 |  26.6 |  21.6 |  23.8 | 45.1 | 45.0 | 45.0 |  34.1
Highly educated (%) |  25.7 |  35.6 |  31.3 |  25.6 |  35.6 |  31.3 | 45.3 | 43.9 | 44.6 |  24.9
Total emigration rates (%) |  30.3 |  35.3 |  32.9 |  30.3 |  35.2 |  32.9 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  31.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  48.6 |  47.9 |  48.2 |  48.5 |  47.9 |  48.1 |  0.3 |  0.2 |  0.2 |  47.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 646.2 | 69.0 |  6.7 | 56.4 | 29.8 |  9.7 | 528.9
United Kingdom | 157.0 | 16.8 |  4.5 | 55.4 | 25.2 |  6.5 | 141.9
Canada | 126.0 | 13.4 |  6.6 | 58.1 | 46.1 |  6.4 | 116.4
Trinidad and Tobago |   1.3 |  0.1 |   .. | 48.7 | 46.1 | 11.7 |    ..
Australia |   0.9 |  0.1 | 13.6 | 48.1 | 49.2 |  6.0 |   0.5
Spain |   0.9 |  0.1 | 17.6 | 35.3 | 15.9 | 16.5 |    ..
Switzerland |   0.8 |  0.1 | 48.0 | 34.8 | 17.7 | 16.8 |   0.4
Netherlands |   0.7 |  0.1 |   .. | 61.6 | 39.2 |   .. |    ..
Italy |   0.6 |  0.1 | 16.6 | 61.8 | 17.0 | 13.3 |   0.2
France |   0.5 |  0.1 | 34.0 | 61.7 | 57.4 | 10.2 |   0.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Jamaica living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  71.7 |  69.1 |  70.2 |  71.9 |  74.1 |  73.1
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.7 |   7.4 |   8.0 |  12.6 |   9.1 |  10.6
Participation rate (%) |  78.5 |  74.6 |  76.3 |  82.2 |  81.4 |  81.8
Total employed (thousands) | 212.2 | 261.6 | 473.8 | 239.3 | 312.7 | 551.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  85.1 |  81.2 |  82.5 |  83.4 |  82.5 |  82.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.2 |   4.2 |   4.2 |   8.3 |   6.4 |   7.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  37.3 |    .. |    .. |  37.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  53.9 |  93.9 | 147.9 |  76.9 | 136.2 | 213.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  29.7 |  26.4 |  38.3 |  33.2
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  20.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  10.7
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  66.6 |  69.1 |  58.8 |  63.2
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   3.7 |   4.5 |   2.8 |   3.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 192.6 | +50.0 | United States | 127.4 |  -17.2
Canada |  58.1 | +46.4 | United Kingdom |  72.7 |   -2.1
United Kingdom |  39.6 | +81.2 | Canada |  20.2 |  -36.8
Australia |   0.4 | +95.6 | Spain |   0.5 |     ..
Netherlands |   0.3 |    .. | Italy |   0.3 | +192.6
Total | 292.2 | +53.2 | Total | 222.1 |  -14.9

International students from Jamaica in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 3 875 | 3 499 | 2 609
Canada |   302 |   432 |   408
United Kingdom |   631 |   405 |   273
France |    22 |    37 |    38
Australia |    17 |    17 |    15
Total | 4 914 | 4 457 | 3 422

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (20 705, 2%), CAN (2 145, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), JPN (160, 0%), DEU (84, 0%), FRA (52, 0%), NLD (39, 0%), CHE (31, 0%), SWE (29, 0%), ESP (19, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 46 | 49 | 35 | 42 | 43
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 13
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (39%), United Kingdom (20%), Canada (18%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270758

Nicaragua

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.1 |  |  | Nicaragua compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 132/187 | 30/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 851 |  |  | GDP per capita | 139/209 | 29/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 81/203 | 27/37
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 20.77 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 71/144 | 14/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 33%; “15-64”: 63%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Nicaragua living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 257.0 | 299.0 | 556.0 | 126.5 | 150.9 | 277.4 | 130.4 | 148.1 | 278.5 | 221.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |   8.4 |  13.4 |  21.8 |    .. |    .. |    .. |  24.0
15-24 (%) |  16.8 |  15.3 |  16.0 |   9.8 |   7.9 |   8.8 |  23.5 |  22.8 |  23.1 |  19.6
25-64 (%) |  76.9 |  76.1 |  76.5 |  82.6 |  79.8 |  81.1 |  71.5 |  72.3 |  71.9 |  73.2
65+ (%) |   6.3 |   8.6 |   7.6 |   7.6 |  12.3 |  10.1 |   5.1 |   4.9 |   5.0 |   7.3
Low educated (%) |  53.8 |  52.0 |  52.8 |  27.8 |  29.2 |  28.6 |  78.9 |  75.2 |  76.9 |  40.7
Highly educated (%) |  15.3 |  16.3 |  15.8 |  24.3 |  25.7 |  25.1 |   6.5 |   6.7 |   6.6 |  18.1
Total emigration rates (%) |  12.0 |  13.4 |  12.7 |   6.3 |   7.3 |   6.8 |   6.5 |   7.1 |   6.8 |   6.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   9.2 |  16.6 |  12.3 |   7.4 |  13.7 |   9.9 |   2.2 |   3.9 |   2.8 |   9.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Costa Rica | 262.0 | 47.1 |   .. | 53.0 |  6.1 | 23.3 | 184.9
United States | 248.6 | 44.7 |  5.3 | 53.4 | 23.7 |  8.2 | 205.9
Spain |  11.4 |  2.0 | 66.2 | 73.1 | 26.3 | 16.5 |   1.0
Panama |   9.0 |  1.6 |   .. | 61.9 | 13.9 | 15.0 |   4.6
Canada |   8.6 |  1.5 |  4.9 | 54.0 | 48.8 |  5.0 |   9.1
El Salvador |   6.2 |  1.1 |   .. | 47.6 |  5.2 | 29.6 |   6.3
Mexico |   4.1 |  0.7 | 23.9 | 47.3 | 34.2 | 15.6 |   2.4
Switzerland |   0.9 |  0.2 | 48.6 | 91.4 | 58.5 | 42.3 |   0.2
Italy |   0.8 |  0.2 | 25.3 | 69.1 | 22.5 | 13.4 |   0.5
Australia |   0.7 |  0.1 |  4.1 | 52.1 | 34.3 |  4.2 |   0.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Nicaragua living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 66.9 | 52.7 |  59.4 | 79.5 | 64.8 |  71.7
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.0 | 10.4 |   8.6 |  9.0 | 10.7 |   9.9
Participation rate (%) | 72.0 | 58.8 |  65.0 | 87.4 | 72.6 |  79.6
Total employed (thousands) | 64.5 | 57.3 | 121.8 | 92.8 | 85.5 | 178.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 78.4 | 66.9 |  72.6 | 84.2 | 72.6 |  77.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.4 |  5.8 |   5.1 |  7.9 |  8.9 |   8.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  53.1 |   .. |   .. |  54.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 14.8 | 12.8 |  27.5 | 23.5 | 26.0 |  49.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  18.5 | 18.0 | 22.5 |  20.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |  10.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |  12.7
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  80.1 | 80.7 | 74.2 |  77.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   1.4 |  1.3 |  3.2 |   2.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 58.9 |  +70.6 | United States | 70.4 |    -17.8
Canada |  4.2 |  +48.2 | Spain |  4.7 | +1 866.7
Spain |  3.0 | +383.9 | Mexico |  1.7 |   +172.8
Mexico |  1.4 |  +23.6 | Canada |  1.4 |    -45.9
Switzerland |  0.5 | +755.6 | Italy |  0.3 |    +48.5
Total | 69.4 |  +73.5 | Total | 79.1 |    -12.0

International students from Nicaragua in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 389 | 380 | 352
Spain |  25 | 113 | 146
Germany |  29 |  54 |  44
France |  35 |  38 |  43
Chile |  49 |  57 |  25
Total | 637 | 767 | 730

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ESP (3 126, 0%), USA (3 046, 0%), MEX (134, 0%), CAN (105, 0%), JPN (101, 0%), DEU (92, 0%), CHL (81, 0%), ITA (66, 0%), SWE (49, 0%), CHE (36, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 32 | 44 | 39 | 30 | 33
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 17
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 43
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (43%), Costa Rica (16%), Spain (16%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270763

Panama

Total population 2013 (millions) | 3.9 |  |  | Panama compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 65/187 | 8/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 11 037 |  |  | GDP per capita | 65/209 | 10/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 8.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 89/203 | 29/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 8.87 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 72/144 | 15/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 28%; “15-64”: 64%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Panama living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 69.0 | 103.1 | 172.1 | 61.3 | 94.5 | 155.8 |  7.6 |  8.6 | 16.2 | 140.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |    .. |    .. |  2.7 |  4.1 |   6.8 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  15.5
15-24 (%) | 14.1 |  10.7 |  12.1 | 13.2 |  9.9 |  11.2 | 21.2 | 18.9 | 20.0 |  12.5
25-64 (%) | 72.8 |  72.0 |  72.3 | 73.0 | 72.0 |  72.4 | 71.2 | 72.7 | 72.0 |  76.1
65+ (%) | 13.1 |  17.3 |  15.6 | 13.8 | 18.1 |  16.4 |  7.6 |  8.4 |  8.0 |  11.5
Low educated (%) | 16.5 |  14.8 |  15.5 | 12.4 | 12.5 |  12.5 | 49.7 | 40.8 | 45.0 |  17.0
Highly educated (%) | 36.6 |  36.1 |  36.3 | 38.3 | 36.5 |  37.2 | 23.4 | 30.8 | 27.3 |  32.9
Total emigration rates (%) |  5.0 |   7.4 |   6.2 |  4.5 |  6.8 |   5.7 |  0.6 |  0.7 |  0.6 |   6.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 10.7 |  10.3 |  10.5 | 10.0 |  9.7 |   9.8 |  0.8 |  0.8 |  0.8 |  11.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 144.7 | 84.1 |  4.7 | 60.7 | 36.3 | 10.8 | 131.5
Costa Rica |   9.5 |  5.5 |   .. | 48.4 | 19.7 | 20.8 |   8.4
Spain |   3.3 |  1.9 | 28.6 | 58.2 | 48.7 | 12.2 |   2.1
Puerto Rico |   2.6 |  1.5 |   .. | 66.7 | 37.4 |  7.7 |   2.1
Canada |   2.2 |  1.3 |  6.2 | 50.9 | 56.9 | 12.0 |   2.3
Mexico |   1.3 |  0.7 | 13.0 | 63.7 | 46.0 | 13.8 |   1.5
Colombia |   1.2 |  0.7 |   .. | 59.4 | 45.3 | 15.7 |   1.2
Italy |   0.9 |  0.5 | 14.8 | 75.6 | 44.4 |  6.3 |   0.7
United Kingdom |   0.7 |  0.4 | 39.1 | 58.0 | 62.0 | 16.0 |   0.4
Israel |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   0.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Panama living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 73.6 | 62.8 | 67.3 | 72.9 | 65.7 | 68.6
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.5 |  6.4 |  6.0 |  8.7 |  8.2 |  8.4
Participation rate (%) | 77.9 | 67.1 | 71.5 | 79.9 | 71.6 | 74.9
Total employed (thousands) | 37.5 | 46.0 | 83.5 | 38.0 | 50.6 | 88.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 84.4 | 74.4 | 78.7 | 83.4 | 72.5 | 76.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.2 |  2.9 |  3.0 |  4.8 |  7.3 |  6.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 36.7 |   .. |   .. | 37.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 15.5 | 18.1 | 33.6 | 16.7 | 22.4 | 39.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 36.8 | 34.7 | 38.4 | 37.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 16.2
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 62.8 | 64.5 | 61.1 | 62.3
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  0.4 |  0.8 |  0.5 |  0.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 52.5 |  +25.2 | United States | 17.4 |  -21.0
Spain |  1.6 |  +69.7 | Spain |  0.8 |  +48.1
Canada |  1.2 |   +8.9 | Israel |  0.3 | +316.0
Mexico |  0.6 |  -43.4 | Italy |  0.2 |   +1.6
United Kingdom |  0.4 | +108.5 | Canada |  0.1 |  -69.9
Total | 57.9 |  +25.5 | Total | 19.4 |  -18.7

International students from Panama in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 131 | 1 072 | 1 087
Spain |    76 |   203 |   113
Chile |   150 |    87 |    72
United Kingdom |    39 |    48 |    49
Canada |    42 |    33 |    48
Total | 1 576 | 1 614 | 1 535

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (1 281, 0%), ESP (330, 0%), CHL (176, 0%), JPN (115, 0%), DEU (64, 0%), CAN (45, 0%), MEX (44, 0%), CHE (39, 0%), ITA (24, 0%), FRA (21, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 15 | 25 | 16 | 14 | 15
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 17
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 50
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (43%), Spain (10%), Costa Rica (6%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270778

Paraguay

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.8 |  |  | Paraguay compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 111/187 | 24/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 4 265 |  |  | GDP per capita | 107/209 | 23/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 14.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 133/203 | 34/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 7.69 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 106/144 | 18/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 32%; “15-64”: 62%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Paraguay living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 267.5 | 353.1 | 620.6 | 36.8 | 58.9 | 95.7 | 230.7 | 294.1 | 524.8 | 21.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. | 15.2 | 27.6 | 42.8 |    .. |    .. |    .. |  3.7
15-24 (%) |  21.4 |  19.0 |  20.0 | 20.2 | 16.9 | 18.2 |  21.6 |  19.4 |  20.4 | 15.0
25-64 (%) |  67.4 |  69.8 |  68.8 | 76.2 | 79.5 | 78.2 |  66.0 |  67.9 |  67.1 | 80.0
65+ (%) |  11.2 |  11.2 |  11.2 |  3.5 |  3.6 |  3.6 |  12.4 |  12.7 |  12.5 |  5.0
Low educated (%) |  77.5 |  75.8 |  76.6 | 42.6 | 43.4 | 43.1 |  83.0 |  82.3 |  82.6 | 37.5
Highly educated (%) |   3.7 |   4.1 |   3.9 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 17.4 |   1.5 |   1.4 |   1.5 | 23.7
Total emigration rates (%) |  11.0 |  14.2 |  12.6 |  1.7 |  2.7 |  2.2 |   9.6 |  12.1 |  10.9 |  0.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   8.4 |   7.9 |   8.1 |  5.6 |  5.7 |  5.7 |   3.2 |   2.5 |   2.8 |  2.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Argentina | 490.8 | 79.1 |   .. | 56.2 |  1.0 | 19.6 | 305.6
Spain |  64.1 | 10.3 | 60.1 | 65.0 | 12.1 | 17.5 |   2.1
Brazil |  32.0 |  5.2 |   .. | 53.8 |  6.3 | 33.1 |  22.6
United States |  16.8 |  2.7 | 10.4 | 53.8 | 27.1 | 24.1 |   9.2
Canada |   6.7 |  1.1 | 10.2 | 50.3 | 25.8 | 11.1 |   5.0
Italy |   1.9 |  0.3 | 33.5 | 72.1 | 20.0 | 13.4 |   0.6
Uruguay |   1.6 |  0.3 |   .. | 66.6 | 31.4 | 17.7 |   1.3
Japan |   1.2 |  0.2 |   .. | 47.5 | 10.7 | 21.1 |   1.0
Chile |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   1.0
France |   0.9 |  0.1 | 38.2 | 61.1 | 35.2 | 23.7 |   0.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Paraguay living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 76.1 | 57.0 | 65.7 | 60.5 | 61.7 | 61.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.8 |  7.4 |  7.1 | 28.0 | 21.4 | 24.0
Participation rate (%) | 81.7 | 61.6 | 70.8 | 84.1 | 78.4 | 80.6
Total employed (thousands) |  7.0 |  6.2 | 13.2 | 21.0 | 34.8 | 55.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 81.4 | 70.0 | 75.1 | 80.5 | 70.0 | 74.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.0 |  5.9 |  6.4 | 10.1 | 17.9 | 14.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 38.4 |   .. |   .. | 54.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.8 |  1.8 |  3.6 |  4.9 |  6.8 | 11.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 28.6 | 17.5 | 10.6 | 13.8
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 10.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 64.2 | 69.4 | 43.8 | 52.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  7.1 | 13.1 | 45.6 | 33.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Spain |  7.7 | +1 384.6 | Spain | 31.8 | +3 285.1
United States |  4.6 |    +80.8 | United States |  3.7 |    +43.0
Canada |  1.7 |    +71.4 | Canada |  2.7 |    +11.0
Chile |  0.5 |   +302.4 | Italy |  0.8 |   +158.1
Italy |  0.4 |   +294.9 | Japan |  0.3 |     -8.9
Total | 16.4 |   +231.9 | Total | 40.6 |   +420.7

International students from Paraguay in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Spain |  98 |   371 |   363
United States | 377 |   337 |   331
France |  90 |    71 |    89
Italy |  32 |    37 |    76
Germany |  49 |    37 |    39
Total | 865 | 1 083 | 1 083

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ESP (6 001, 1%), CHL (943, 0%), USA (467, 0%), JPN (255, 0%), DEU (205, 0%), ITA (183, 0%), CAN (65, 0%), CHE (48, 0%), FRA (46, 0%), MEX (36, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 18 | 31 | 22 | 14 | 19
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 16
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 40
Three main desired countries of destination: Argentina (37%), Brazil (15%), Spain (15%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270798

Peru

Total population 2013 (millions) | 30.4 |  |  | Peru compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 82/187 | 14/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 6 662 |  |  | GDP per capita | 88/209 | 17/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 111/203 | 31/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 7.99 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 110/144 | 20/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Peru living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 474.2 | 579.9 | 1 054.1 | 384.7 | 479.5 | 864.3 | 89.0 | 100.0 | 189.1 | 452.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  74.7 |  98.5 | 173.2 |   .. |    .. |    .. | 113.5
15-24 (%) |  16.9 |  14.4 |    15.5 |  15.8 |  13.1 |  14.3 | 21.8 |  20.4 |  21.1 |  15.0
25-64 (%) |  76.5 |  78.3 |    77.5 |  77.3 |  78.9 |  78.2 | 73.1 |  75.5 |  74.4 |  78.6
65+ (%) |   6.6 |   7.3 |     7.0 |   7.0 |   7.9 |   7.5 |  5.1 |   4.0 |   4.5 |   6.5
Low educated (%) |  27.4 |  27.5 |    27.4 |  21.6 |  21.6 |  21.6 | 52.2 |  55.5 |  53.9 |  25.4
Highly educated (%) |  27.8 |  26.8 |    27.3 |  31.0 |  30.2 |  30.5 | 14.1 |  10.8 |  12.3 |  27.9
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.4 |   5.4 |     4.9 |   3.6 |   4.5 |   4.1 |  0.9 |   1.0 |   0.9 |   2.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   6.2 |   5.7 |     5.9 |   5.6 |   5.3 |   5.4 |  0.6 |   0.4 |   0.5 |   3.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 408.5 | 38.8 |  8.2 | 53.9 | 33.4 | 12.3 | 261.9
Spain | 166.8 | 15.8 | 40.6 | 52.6 | 30.7 | 15.2 |  47.9
Argentina | 142.6 | 13.5 |   .. | 56.0 |  6.6 | 21.6 |  79.8
Italy |  91.3 |  8.7 | 25.2 | 63.4 | 13.5 | 15.3 |  28.8
Chile |  83.3 |  7.9 | 43.0 | 59.6 | 15.3 | 24.0 |  35.6
Japan |  28.8 |  2.7 |   .. | 47.7 | 20.8 | 15.9 |  27.2
Canada |  25.7 |  2.4 | 21.6 | 55.9 | 57.6 | 11.9 |  16.6
Ecuador |  16.1 |  1.5 |   .. | 42.1 | 11.7 | 27.7 |   5.1
Brazil |  15.1 |  1.4 |   .. | 40.5 | 38.8 | 16.0 |  10.1
France |  10.6 |  1.0 | 21.2 | 60.6 | 46.8 | 15.3 |   5.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Peru living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  73.3 |  59.2 |  65.7 |  75.2 |  64.3 |  69.2
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.1 |   9.5 |   8.3 |  13.1 |  14.1 |  13.6
Participation rate (%) |  79.0 |  65.4 |  71.6 |  86.6 |  74.8 |  80.1
Total employed (thousands) | 141.3 | 135.6 | 276.9 | 265.5 | 280.9 | 546.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  81.3 |  65.3 |  72.8 |  82.6 |  70.4 |  75.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.0 |   8.7 |   6.8 |  10.0 |  12.9 |  11.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  50.9 |    .. |    .. |  54.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  45.6 |  40.9 |  86.5 |  90.1 |  95.8 | 185.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  23.2 |  20.6 |  20.6 |  21.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.1
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  64.4 |  66.4 |  57.8 |  61.5
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  12.4 |  13.0 |  21.6 |  17.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 136.6 |  +89.1 | United States |  59.5 |   +9.1
Spain |  51.2 | +235.5 | Spain |  53.7 | +203.0
Canada |  14.8 |  +89.1 | Italy |  43.1 | +191.7
Chile |  12.8 | +162.7 | Chile |   8.4 |  -17.6
Italy |  12.4 | +198.2 | Japan |   7.0 |  +21.7
Total | 260.4 | +109.8 | Total | 184.2 |  +63.3

International students from Peru in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Spain |  1 368 |  3 864 |  3 338
United States |  3 676 |  3 250 |  2 617
Italy |  1 430 |  1 559 |  1 963
Chile |  1 490 |  1 824 |  1 046
France |    790 |  1 103 |  1 025
Total | 10 967 | 13 871 | 12 211

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CHL (38 628, 36%), USA (12 609, 1%), ESP (6 977, 2%), ITA (5 614, 1%), JPN (1 014, 0%), DEU (953, 0%), CAN (780, 0%), FRA (586, 0%), MEX (418, 2%), AUS (342, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 34 | 48 | 32 | 31 | 36
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 31
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (25%), United States (22%), Italy (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270789

Trinidad and Tobago

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1.3 |  |  | Trinidad and Tobago compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 64/187 | 7/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 18 373 |  |  | GDP per capita | 45/209 | 3/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 31/203 | 16/37
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 3/144 | 3/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 21%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 9% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Trinidad and Tobago living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 139.0 | 181.9 | 320.9 | 138.0 | 180.9 | 318.9 |  0.8 |  0.9 |  1.7 | 274.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.1 |   9.2 |  16.4 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  31.8
15-24 (%) |   9.1 |   7.9 |   8.4 |   9.0 |   7.9 |   8.4 | 17.6 | 15.3 | 16.3 |  12.5
25-64 (%) |  75.7 |  76.6 |  76.2 |  75.7 |  76.7 |  76.2 | 73.3 | 74.0 | 73.7 |  78.7
65+ (%) |  15.3 |  15.4 |  15.3 |  15.3 |  15.4 |  15.4 |  9.1 | 10.7 | 10.0 |   8.8
Low educated (%) |  14.9 |  13.9 |  14.3 |  14.7 |  13.8 |  14.2 | 38.7 | 36.5 | 37.5 |  23.5
Highly educated (%) |  33.6 |  38.1 |  36.1 |  33.7 |  38.2 |  36.3 |  7.4 |  8.8 |  8.2 |  29.9
Total emigration rates (%) |  21.1 |  25.5 |  23.4 |  20.9 |  25.4 |  23.3 |  0.1 |  0.2 |  0.2 |  22.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  64.4 |  71.2 |  68.3 |  64.4 |  71.1 |  68.3 |  0.2 |  0.3 |  0.2 |  72.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 224.4 | 69.9 |  4.4 | 56.7 | 29.2 |  9.9 | 188.0
Canada |  67.8 | 21.1 |  4.9 | 54.9 | 52.8 |  4.5 |  63.1
United Kingdom |  23.0 |  7.2 | 10.8 | 61.3 | 55.1 |  5.9 |  20.6
Grenada |   1.6 |  0.5 |   .. | 52.1 |  7.2 | 17.4 |    ..
Australia |   1.4 |  0.4 | 11.0 | 49.9 | 44.3 |  3.5 |   1.0
Netherlands |   0.4 |  0.1 |  4.4 | 92.4 | 23.0 |   .. |    ..
France |   0.4 |  0.1 | 18.9 | 72.8 | 49.0 |  7.4 |   0.3
Norway |   0.3 |  0.1 | 13.1 | 54.9 | 29.3 |  7.0 |   0.2
Ireland |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   0.2
Switzerland |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   0.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Trinidad and Tobago living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 74.2 | 66.1 |  69.7 | 75.7 |  69.3 |  72.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.1 |  7.1 |   7.1 |  9.8 |   8.2 |   8.9
Participation rate (%) | 79.8 | 71.2 |  74.9 | 83.9 |  75.5 |  79.2
Total employed (thousands) | 80.8 | 93.2 | 174.1 | 88.2 | 105.6 | 193.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 84.7 | 77.7 |  80.6 | 82.7 |  78.2 |  80.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.6 |  4.4 |   4.0 |  6.7 |   5.7 |   6.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  35.5 |   .. |    .. |  36.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 27.1 | 35.1 |  62.1 | 32.7 |  47.5 |  80.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  34.4 | 32.3 |  39.7 |  36.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |    .. |  13.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |    .. |  10.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  63.3 | 65.0 |  58.6 |  61.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   2.3 |  2.7 |   1.7 |   2.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  65.6 | +40.3 | United States | 32.6 | -27.7
Canada |  35.8 | +44.2 | Canada |  7.2 | -46.0
United Kingdom |  12.7 | +42.2 | United Kingdom |  4.7 |  -4.2
Australia |   0.6 | +91.7 | Netherlands |  0.3 |    ..
France |   0.2 | +73.6 | Australia |  0.1 | -44.5
Total | 115.6 | +42.1 | Total | 45.2 | -29.1

International students from Trinidad and Tobago in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 2 643 | 2 381 | 1 636
Canada |   736 | 1 329 | 1 485
United Kingdom |   834 |   888 |   729
France |    42 |    31 |    37
Australia |    23 |    23 |    24
Total | 4 340 | 4 723 | 4 005

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (5 214, 0%), CAN (615, 0%), DEU (44, 0%), JPN (40, 0%), AUS (34, 0%), FRA (17, 0%), CHE (16, 0%), NLD (15, 0%), ESP (14, 0%), NOR (11, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 16 | 19 | 25 | 9 | 15
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  3
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (46%), Canada (23%), Morocco (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270813

Uruguay

Total population 2013 (millions) | 3.4 |  |  | Uruguay compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 50/187 | 3/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 16 351 |  |  | GDP per capita | 47/209 | 4/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 86/203 | 28/37
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 1.34 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 53/144 | 10/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 22%; “15-64”: 64%; “65+”: 14% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Uruguay living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 151.5 | 157.3 | 308.8 | 83.3 | 86.3 | 169.6 | 67.9 | 70.8 | 138.6 | 80.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. | 11.7 | 11.6 |  23.3 |   .. |   .. |    .. | 11.5
15-24 (%) |   8.8 |   7.9 |   8.4 | 11.8 | 10.1 |  10.9 |  5.1 |  5.2 |   5.2 |  8.3
25-64 (%) |  79.2 |  75.3 |  77.2 | 79.0 | 76.1 |  77.5 | 79.5 | 74.4 |  76.9 | 81.8
65+ (%) |  12.0 |  16.8 |  14.4 |  9.1 | 13.8 |  11.5 | 15.4 | 20.4 |  18.0 |  9.8
Low educated (%) |  49.2 |  46.8 |  48.0 | 37.9 | 34.1 |  35.9 | 63.1 | 62.0 |  62.5 | 33.7
Highly educated (%) |  17.8 |  18.0 |  17.9 | 24.3 | 25.6 |  25.0 |  9.7 |  8.8 |   9.2 | 28.3
Total emigration rates (%) |  10.7 |  10.4 |  10.6 |  6.2 |  6.0 |   6.1 |  5.1 |  5.0 |   5.0 |  3.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  22.1 |  14.9 |  17.7 | 17.6 | 11.9 |  14.1 |  6.5 |  3.7 |   4.8 |  8.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Argentina | 109.8 | 35.5 |   .. | 52.6 |  5.4 |  4.5 | 114.3
Spain |  83.0 | 26.9 | 21.8 | 48.7 | 19.2 | 14.3 |  21.8
United States |  45.8 | 14.8 |  4.0 | 52.5 | 23.0 |  9.7 |  24.7
Brazil |  22.1 |  7.2 |   .. | 48.7 | 22.7 |  8.5 |  24.2
Australia |   9.1 |  3.0 |  1.5 | 52.3 | 20.5 |  1.7 |   9.2
Italy |   6.4 |  2.1 | 10.6 | 58.5 | 15.3 |  7.0 |   4.7
Canada |   6.3 |  2.0 |  9.3 | 52.4 | 42.7 |  3.5 |   6.0
Israel |   4.8 |  1.5 |  5.2 | 54.5 | 56.4 |  2.3 |   4.4
Paraguay |   3.5 |  1.1 |   .. | 24.6 | 10.6 |  1.9 |   3.0
Chile |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   2.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Uruguay living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 76.2 | 57.7 | 66.9 | 66.9 | 58.2 | 62.6
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.2 | 10.3 |  9.1 | 22.1 | 24.3 | 23.1
Participation rate (%) | 83.0 | 64.3 | 73.6 | 85.9 | 76.8 | 81.4
Total employed (thousands) | 27.7 | 21.1 | 48.8 | 50.1 | 43.0 | 93.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 83.3 | 70.0 | 76.3 | 80.2 | 72.9 | 76.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.8 |  7.6 |  6.2 | 11.5 | 14.2 | 12.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 28.8 |   .. |   .. | 40.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  8.4 |  8.0 | 16.3 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 28.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 38.0 | 27.4 | 28.3 | 28.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 53.0 | 66.5 | 59.2 | 62.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  9.0 |  6.2 | 12.6 |  9.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Spain | 15.9 | +177.7 | Spain | 38.2 | +300.3
United States | 10.6 |  +58.9 | United States | 12.5 |  +79.5
Israel |  2.7 |  +12.6 | Italy |  2.8 |  +17.6
Canada |  2.7 |  +35.7 | Australia |  2.5 |  -32.9
Australia |  1.9 |  +41.1 | Canada |  1.3 |  -22.1
Total | 41.7 |  +85.5 | Total | 60.0 | +124.1

International students from Uruguay in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Spain |   140 |   652 |   432
United States |   458 |   387 |   349
France |   140 |    95 |   110
United Kingdom |    45 |    40 |    60
Chile |    89 |   119 |    39
Total | 1 034 | 1 467 | 1 149

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (1 374, 0%), ESP (1 239, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), CHL (773, 0%), MEX (139, 0%), ITA (103, 0%), DEU (102, 0%), ISR (67, 0%), FRA (53, 0%), CAN (50, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 14 | 23 | 15 | 14 | 14
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (33%), United States (16%), Brazil (13%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270828

Venezuela

Total population 2013 (millions) | 30.4 |  |  | Venezuela compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 67/187 | 9/31
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 14 415 |  |  | GDP per capita | 54/209 | 6/40
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 139/203 | 35/37
Poverty rate 2006 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 12.91 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 123/144 | 22/23
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Venezuela living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (15/35 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 229.8 | 268.1 | 498.0 | 201.8 | 237.9 | 439.7 | 27.7 | 29.9 | 57.6 | 237.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  36.7 |  43.7 |  80.4 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  55.0
15-24 (%) |  18.8 |  15.8 |  17.2 |  16.7 |  13.5 |  14.9 | 34.5 | 34.3 | 34.4 |  21.0
25-64 (%) |  78.8 |  80.0 |  79.5 |  81.0 |  82.2 |  81.6 | 63.5 | 62.5 | 63.0 |  76.6
65+ (%) |   2.3 |   4.2 |   3.3 |   2.3 |   4.3 |   3.4 |  2.0 |  3.2 |  2.6 |   2.4
Low educated (%) |  20.1 |  19.3 |  19.7 |  18.5 |  17.8 |  18.1 | 32.2 | 31.4 | 31.8 |  27.1
Highly educated (%) |  45.4 |  47.4 |  46.5 |  46.7 |  49.2 |  48.0 | 35.8 | 33.0 | 34.4 |  36.8
Total emigration rates (%) |   2.2 |   2.6 |   2.4 |   1.9 |   2.3 |   2.1 |  0.3 |  0.3 |  0.3 |   1.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   5.4 |   4.1 |   4.6 |   4.9 |   3.8 |   4.2 |  0.5 |  0.3 |  0.4 |   3.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 177.3 | 35.6 | 12.6 | 53.9 | 52.8 | 17.2 | 99.2
Spain | 133.0 | 26.7 | 25.8 | 52.3 | 45.9 | 13.6 | 60.2
Italy |  43.1 |  8.7 |  9.9 | 58.2 | 24.5 |  6.9 | 34.2
Portugal |  24.1 |  4.8 | 15.5 | 53.9 | 29.7 | 18.2 | 18.5
Colombia |  23.7 |  4.8 |   .. | 55.5 | 14.5 | 52.1 | 24.5
Canada |  16.1 |  3.2 | 36.0 | 54.4 | 70.7 | 15.3 |  7.1
Mexico |   9.1 |  1.8 | 52.9 | 55.2 | 61.2 | 11.4 |  2.4
United Kingdom |   8.6 |  1.7 | 42.2 | 53.9 | 65.3 | 13.6 |  3.6
Panama |   6.6 |  1.3 |   .. | 48.3 | 47.0 | 15.7 |  0.8
France |   5.6 |  1.1 | 26.9 | 57.5 | 54.8 | 19.8 |  2.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Venezuela living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 68.4 | 48.4 |  57.8 |  70.4 |  55.4 |  62.3
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.9 | 14.1 |  11.3 |  15.3 |  20.1 |  17.6
Participation rate (%) | 75.1 | 56.3 |  65.1 |  83.1 |  69.3 |  75.7
Total employed (thousands) | 74.3 | 59.9 | 134.1 | 137.7 | 125.0 | 262.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 77.8 | 58.7 |  67.6 |  81.4 |  64.0 |  71.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  6.1 | 10.7 |   8.3 |  10.1 |  16.4 |  13.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  32.0 |    .. |    .. |  35.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 31.1 | 26.9 |  57.9 |  74.5 |  72.8 | 147.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  43.1 |  46.1 |  42.2 |  44.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  10.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  51.7 |  49.5 |  51.5 |  50.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   5.2 |   4.3 |   6.3 |   5.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  93.7 | +105.4 | Spain | 30.5 | +40.9
Spain |  61.1 | +196.1 | United States | 19.7 | +31.0
Canada |  11.3 | +198.4 | Italy | 12.6 |  +3.0
Italy |  10.6 |  +73.4 | Portugal |  9.5 | -10.3
Portugal |   7.2 | +149.8 | Canada |  1.2 |  +8.2
Total | 209.9 | +141.0 | Total | 79.2 | +23.5

International students from Venezuela in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 4 451 | 4 914 |  6 084
Spain |   987 | 2 550 |  1 946
France |   492 |   550 |    686
Italy |   288 |   260 |    360
Australia |    95 |   217 |    324
Total | 7 529 | 9 893 | 10 853

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (9 387, 0%), ESP (5 162, 1%), CAN (1 350, 0%), MEX (1 286, 6%), CHL (1 249, 1%), DEU (679, 0%), ITA (584, 0%), AUS (315, 0%), FRA (283, 0%), JPN (173, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 13 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 13
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 64
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (26%), Spain (24%), Mexico (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270839

OECD countries

Chapter 4.

OECD countries: Diaspora profile¹

This chapter looks at recent migration flows and diasporas from OECD countries to the OECD area. In 2012 almost 1.7 million new migrants from OECD countries settled in the OECD area, accounting for about 34% of total immigration flows. In 2010/11 there were 42.5 million emigrants 15 years old or older born in OECD countries residing in other OECD countries. Of these, 11 million were highly educated, representing a growth of 55% between 2000/01 and 2010/11. The total emigration rate reaches 4% for OECD countries and the emigration rate for the highly educated is of a similar level. Future challenges relate notably to the management of labour migration in the context of demographic ageing and low economic growth.

This chapter also contains one regional note and 34 country notes for all OECD countries.

Key findings

1.7 million persons originating from an OECD country settled in another one in 2012, representing 34% of total immigration flows to the OECD area. Intra-OECD migration flows have shown an increasing trend since 2000.

In 2010/11 there were 42.5 million intra-OECD migrants aged 15 and above, up by 22% from 2000/01. An additional 2.5 million persons aged 15 and above born in OECD countries were living in 51 non-OECD destinations.

The total emigration rate of persons aged 15 and over born in OECD countries and living in the OECD area was 4% in 2010/11. The increase in emigration rates, including that of the high-skilled between 2000/01 and 2010/11 was more pronounced for recent members of the European Union, such as Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Estonia.

In 2010/11, there were 11.1 million tertiary-educated intra-OECD migrants, representing about 27% of all intra-OECD migrants and 36% of all tertiary educated immigrants in the OECD. Between 2000/01 and 2010/11 the share of tertiary educated emigrants from OECD countries increased by 6 percentage points. Both the share and the increase in the share of tertiary educated OECD-born migrants were greater in non-OECD countries of destination than those in OECD destinations. The increase in the share of those with at least tertiary education was greater for women than men and the share of tertiary-educated among women was also greater than that among men in 2010/11.

In 2012, there were more than 860 000 international students coming from OECD countries, about a third of all international students in the OECD. Germany and Korea, with about 120 000 international students each, were the main countries of origin, followed by France, the United States and Italy. United States was the most popular destination for OECD-born international students, hosting a quarter of all.

The difference between total and high-skilled emigration rates is smaller for OECD countries than for most of other regions in the world, reflecting the balanced nature of emigration from OECD countries as well as free mobility in Europe which does not impose admission conditions based on skill level.

Population ageing is a challenge faced by several OECD countries. This is counter-balanced by immigration in some countries, whereas emigration exacerbates the situation in others. Measures to boost fertility and managing immigration and emigration, as well as those aiming to encourage return migration and strengthening ties with diasporas are critical to respond to an ageing workforce and specific needs in the labour market.

1. Regional context

In 2013, the total population of the OECD area, which consists of 34 member countries, was over 1.3 billion. This corresponds to about 20% of the world population. Since the turn of the millennium, population growth of the area was 9%, but the annual population growth rate has shown a decreasing trend over the years and stood at just 1% in 2013. Annual population growth is highest in countries where a significant part of the population is foreign-born, such as Luxembourg, Israel and Australia. Greece, Portugal and Spain had positive population growth in the last decade, but have experienced negative rates in the last few years. OECD countries with negative or little population growth rates in the 2000s are Japan, Hungary, Estonia and Poland.

OECD member countries are primarily high-income economies. The average income per capita of the OECD area was about USD 38 000 in 2013. Income per capita was highest in Luxembourg, Norway and Switzerland and lowest in Mexico, Turkey and Hungary. Annual income growth in the OECD area has been around 2% since 2000, expect for 2009, following the outbreak of the crisis, when it was negative. Years of economic growth and prosperity were interrupted by the recent economic crisis in the United States, while its impact was more severe on some European countries, such as Spain, Portugal, Greece and Ireland. Several European countries experienced an annual growth of -5% or less in 2009. On the contrary, Australia, New Zealand and Israel were hardly affected by the crisis and continued to grow.

High income levels and living standards imply that people live longer and healthier lives. Lower mortality and higher life expectancy reinforce the effect of low birth rates on population ageing. The old-age support ratios are already low in most OECD countries. Yet, they are expected to fall further in the future, bringing about fiscal pressures upon support systems for the elderly. Emigration exacerbates the situation in some OECD countries, whereas immigrants, who are over-represented in the working-age group, have helped sustain positive population growth in others.

2. Migrant flows and stocks

Total intra-OECD migration flows reached 1.7 million in 2012, representing a 42% increase from their level in 2000 (Figure 4.1). Intra-OECD migrant flows slowed down due to the economic crisis in 2009 but started to rise again reaching their peak in 2011. About one third of all migrants who moved to an OECD country in 2012 were coming from another OECD country.

Figure 4.1. Intra-OECD migrant flows (2000-12) and remittances (2005-14)

Source: OECD International Migration Database; World Bank remittances data.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269323

Consistent with the growing migrant flows, remittances to the region have steadily increased since 2005, despite a slight decrease in 2009. Total remittances amounted to USD 101 billion in 2000 and reached USD 160 billion in 2014. These levels are second highest after Asia and Oceania in the post-2006 period. Despite that, the share of remittances in GDP in the OECD area was less than 0.5% and lowest of all other world regions in the past ten years, revealing the minor role of remittances in the OECD economies.

In total, 48.6 million OECD-born persons were living outside their country of birth in 2010/11. When only adults (aged 15+) are considered, their number stood at 45 million. The vast majority of OECD emigrants aged 15+ were living in other OECD countries (42.5 million) and their number rose by 22% between 2000/01 and 2010/11 (Table 4.1). The remaining 2.5 million were living in 51 non-OECD countries. Of the 42.5 million intra-OECD migrants, 13% were recent migrants, i.e. they arrived in the last five years. The stock and the share of recent migrants from new members of the European Union increased remarkably after their accession to the European Union in 2004. The recent economic crisis had a negative impact on recent migrant stocks, thus, between 2005/06 and 2010/11 the number of recent immigrants decreased in countries where the impact of the crisis was stronger, such as the United States, Spain, Portugal and Ireland (Arslan et al., 2014). The economic crisis affected the number of recent emigrants from recent members of the European Union but also the number of emigrants from Mexico, the United Kingdom and Australia.

Table 4.1. Numbers and characteristics of emigrants, 2000/01-2010/11
| OECD destinations | Non-OECD destinations
Population aged 15 and above | 2000/01 | 2010/11 | 2010/11
Number (thousands) | Share | Number (thousands) | Share | Number (thousands) | Share
Men | 17 086 | 49% | 20 947 | 49% | 1 310 | 54%
Women | 17 843 | 51% | 21 583 | 51% | 1 127 | 46%
15-24 |  4 276 | 12% |  4 465 | 11% |   254 | 10%
25-64 | 24 859 | 71% | 30 755 | 72% | 1 562 | 64%
65+ |  5 790 | 17% |  7 309 | 17% |   620 | 25%
Low level of education | 15 287 | 45% | 15 514 | 37% |   720 | 32%
Medium level of education | 11 370 | 34% | 14 931 | 36% |   754 | 34%
High level of education |  7 206 | 21% | 11 140 | 27% |   777 | 35%
Recent migrants |  4 499 | 15% |  5 005 | 13% |    .. |  ..
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women
Low level of education |  45% |  45% |  37% |  37% |  28% |  36%
Medium level of education |  33% |  34% |  37% |  35% |  33% |  34%
High level of education |  22% |  21% |  26% |  27% |  38% |  30%
| 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100%
Emigration rate |  3.7% |  3.6% |  4.1% |  4.0% |  0.3% |  0.2%
Emigration rate of the highly educated |  2.9% |  3.0% |  3.5% |  3.6% |  0.3% |  0.2%
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271247

3. The countries concerned

Countries of origin

Among the 34 OECD countries of origin, the largest migrant flows are from Poland (Figure 4.2). 281 000 Polish citizens migrated to another OECD country in 2012. Mexican flows, second largest after those from Poland, reached 166 000 in the same year. These two countries account for one quarter of all flows within the OECD. The United States, the United Kingdom and Germany are other OECD countries with large number of emigrants that settled in another OECD country in 2012, each accounting for 6% of all flows to the OECD in 2012.

Figure 4.2. Migrant flows to the OECD, by OECD country of origin, 2012

Thousands

Source: OECD International Migration Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269330

The 2004 enlargement wave of the European Union had an evident impact on intra-OECD migrant flows. Between 2003 and 2005, migrant flows from Poland more than doubled. An increase, albeit to a lesser extent, was also observed for Estonia, Hungary and the Czech Republic. With some cutbacks in 2009 and 2010, migrant flows from most countries showed a stable or an increasing trend over time. Turkey is an exception with decreasing numbers of new migrants to other OECD countries in the last decade. The share of migrant flows in total population of OECD countries rose from 0.13% in 2000 to 0.18% in 2012. For instance, 17 in every 10 000 persons in the OECD area left for another OECD country in 2012.

In 2010/11, more than 11 million of OECD-born emigrants 15 years old and above were born in Mexico (Figure 4.3). Migrants from the United Kingdom and Germany with, respectively, 3.9 million and 3.7 million form the next largest OECD diasporas. Persons from Italy constituted the fourth largest OECD diaspora in 2000/01, but in 2010/11, they lost their place to Polish migrants. The number of migrants from Turkey was also greater than that of Italians in 2010/11.

Figure 4.3. Number of emigrants and emigration rates by main OECD countries of origin, 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269347

Between 2000/01 and 2010/11 the number of intra-OECD migrants aged 15 and above increased by one-fifth. However, this increase was not homogeneous across countries of origin. The number of Italian, Irish, Spanish and Greek emigrants decreased, while the number of Estonian migrants more than doubled and the number of migrants born in Luxembourg increased by 80% in ten years. Following the enlargement of the European Union, the number of emigrants from Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic increased by almost 50% between 2000/01 and 2010/11. Looking at the share of recent emigrants, it was higher for those from Luxembourg, Estonia and Poland, with more than a quarter of their emigrants having lived in their destination countries for less than five years.

Emigration rates show the extent of emigration in relation to the population of the country of origin, including emigrants. The total emigration rate of the OECD area was 4.1% in 2010/11. Ireland, with an emigration rate of 17.4%, had the highest emigration rates of all OECD countries in 2010/11. Other countries with relatively high emigration rates were Portugal and New Zealand; 15.4% and 13.8% of all persons born in these two countries respectively were residing in another OECD or non-OECD country in 2010/11. In contrast, relatively a smaller share (less than 3%) of people born in Australia, Spain and France were living abroad in the same year. Countries with lowest emigration rates (less than 1%) were the United States and Japan. The evolution in emigration rates between 2000/01 and 2010/11 varied across OECD countries of origin. European Union enlargement was reflected into large increases in the emigration rates in Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. A large increase in the emigration rate was observed also for Luxembourg, whereas a decrease was observed for Ireland, Italy, Spain, Greece and Canada.

The emigration rate of a given country in a given year is defined as the ratio of native-born persons residing abroad to the native population of the country. Hence, ideally, the denominator should exclude immigrants in the country. However, the lack of detailed data on immigrants in most origin countries precludes such calculations. A correction can be made for OECD and some non-OECD countries of origin using data from DIOC and E-DIOC, but this has implications on the comparability of the emigration rates across origin countries. Nevertheless, 2010/11 emigration rates of OECD countries are re-calculated in this section excluding immigrants from the denominator and are provided in Table 4.2 to give an estimate of presumably more accurate emigration rates. The discrepancy between the two calculations is largest in countries where a significant share of the population is foreign-born, such as Luxembourg, New Zealand, Switzerland and Ireland, and smallest in Japan, Chile, Poland and the United States. When immigrants are excluded, the emigration rates of Ireland, Luxembourg and New Zealand reach 20%, while that of Switzerland goes up to 11% when immigrants are excluded from the denominator.

Table 4.2. Total emigration rates and emigration rates of the highly skilled, by country of origin, 2010/11
Percentages
| Total emigration rate | Emigration rate of the high-skilled
Country of origin | Immigrants not excluded | Immigrants excluded | Immigrants not excluded | Immigrants excluded
Australia |  2.2 |  3.4 |  3.3 |  6.7
Austria |  5.8 |  7.8 | 12.9 | 15.5
Belgium |  4.6 |  5.4 |  7.5 |  8.3
Canada |  4.0 |  5.5 |  5.4 |  6.4
Chile |  3.7 |  3.7 |  3.4 |  4.0
Czech Republic |  4.1 |  4.5 | 11.7 |  9.8
Denmark |  4.3 |  4.7 |  8.9 |  7.8
Estonia | 11.3 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 15.9
Finland |  5.8 |  6.0 |  7.3 |  6.6
France |  2.7 |  3.1 |  5.8 |  5.5
Germany |  5.0 |  5.8 |  9.5 |  9.0
Greece |  6.9 |  8.1 |  6.0 |  8.7
Hungary |  5.3 |  5.6 | 12.3 | 11.0
Iceland | 11.8 | 13.2 | 15.5 | 19.8
Ireland | 17.4 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 27.3
Israel |  4.3 |  6.3 |  6.8 |  9.0
Italy |  4.7 |  5.1 |  8.9 |  7.5
Japan |  0.7 |  0.7 |  1.0 |  1.3
Luxembourg | 12.0 | 19.6 | 22.6 | 32.1
Mexico | 12.1 | 12.6 |  6.3 | 10.8
Netherlands |  5.3 |  6.1 |  8.3 |  8.6
New Zealand | 13.8 | 19.8 |  9.5 | 24.5
Norway |  3.5 |  4.0 |  5.5 |  5.5
Poland |  9.3 |  9.4 | 17.5 | 15.5
Portugal | 15.4 | 16.7 | 15.4 | 14.6
Slovak Republic | 10.1 | 10.4 | 17.6 | 14.7
Slovenia |  7.8 |  8.8 |  8.3 |  9.2
Spain |  2.3 |  2.6 |  2.7 |  2.8
Sweden |  3.3 |  4.0 |  6.8 |  7.2
Switzerland |  7.5 | 11.2 | 13.0 | 12.5
Turkey |  4.8 |  5.1 |  4.0 |  5.2
United Kingdom |  7.0 |  8.1 | 11.9 | 11.5
United States |  0.6 |  0.8 |  0.6 |  1.1
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. Destination countries include all destinations with available data (both OECD and 51 non-OECD countries).
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271258

Countries of destination

OECD emigrants mostly settle in other OECD destinations and are concentrated in a few destination countries, notably the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia and France (Figure 4.4). 18 million, were living in the United States in 2010/11. More than half of those were from Mexico and 1.2 million were from Germany. Over 70% of all Canadian emigrants in the OECD chose the neighbouring country as well. Germany was hosting almost 5 million OECD-born migrants, of which 30% were from Turkey. A little less than 3 million OECD migrants were residing in the United Kingdom. More than half of the British emigrants are living in the settlement countries, namely the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Similarly, an important number of emigrants from these countries live in the United Kingdom. Australia hosts a significant part of the migrants from New Zealand, while France was a destination for emigrants chiefly from Spain, Belgium, Italy and Canada, among OECD countries.

Figure 4.4. Number of migrants from OECD countries, by main countries of destination, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269356

Main non-OECD countries of destination (among the 51 non-OECD countries with available data) for OECD emigrants in 2010/11 were Argentina (466 000), Brazil (330 000), the Russian Federation (288 000), Thailand (272 800) and South Africa (179 000). Not surprisingly, Argentina is a preferred destination for Chilean, Italian and Spanish migrants, while Brazil is a main destination for migrants of Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and Japanese origin. OECD-born migrants in the Russian Federation originate mainly from Germany, Estonia and Poland, while those in Thailand were mostly from Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany. Lastly, OECD migrants in South Africa originate chiefly from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Portugal.

Intra-OECD migration is particularly high in certain European OECD countries reflecting free mobility within the European Union. In Luxembourg, migrants originating from another OECD country represent 80% of all immigrants and more than a third of the population in the country. OECD-born immigrants both as a share of all immigrants and as a share of the total population were also high in Switzerland and Australia. 18 million migrants from OECD countries accounted for almost half of all immigrants and 7% of all persons living in the United States in 2010/11. The number of OECD-born immigrants in Australia, New Zealand and the United States increased but the share of them in the population decreased due partly to a faster-growing number of non-OECD immigrants. In most other countries, the share of OECD-born immigrants in total population increased between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

4. The profile of emigrant populations

Emigrants of the OECD countries, on average, are the most gender-balanced in comparison with migrants from other world regions. In 2010/11 there were 23 million women originating from an OECD country and living abroad, representing 51% of all OECD emigrants (Table 4.1). The share of women was highest among emigrants of Japan, Finland and Slovenia and lowest among those of Israel, Italy and Mexico. Note that the share of female migrants was lower in non-OECD destination countries than that in OECD countries of destination in 2010/11. In addition, the share of women among all OECD emigrants decreased slightly between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

OECD emigrants are ageing. Between 2000/01 and 2010/11 the share of young intra-OECD migrants decreased and the share of older migrants increased. In addition, migrants from OECD countries are, on average, older than migrants from other regions of the world. The share of young persons (15-24) was lowest (about 5%) and the share of the elderly (aged 65+) was highest (about 35%) among emigrants of Italy, Finland, Ireland, Greece and Austria in 2010/11. Countries with relatively younger emigrants, on the other hand, are the United States, Luxembourg, Iceland, Estonia and Mexico. Note that intra-OECD migrants were concentrated more in the 25-64 age group while OECD emigrants in the 51 non-OECD destinations were relatively older.

Educational attainment is rising in the world and OECD emigrants are no exception. In 2010/11 there were 12 million tertiary educated migrants who were born in an OECD county and were living abroad (the vast majority of them living in other OECD countries). Intra-OECD highly skilled migrants correspond to 36% of all highly skilled migrants and more than a quarter of all OECD-born migrants in OECD and non-OECD destinations with available data. The number of highly educated OECD emigrants increased by 55% and the share of tertiary educated among OECD emigrants went up to 27% from 21% between 2000/01 and 2010/11. More than half of the emigrants from Japan, the United States and Australia, and almost half of the Israeli, Canadian, Swedish and Korean emigrants were holding a tertiary diploma in 2010/11. However, the share of tertiary educated emigrants coming from OECD countries is lower than the average share of tertiary educated among migrants from other regions. In addition, the share of the highly skilled was much higher (35%) among OECD emigrants living in the 51 non-OECD countries than those in OECD countries. Regarding the emigrants in non-OECD destinations, the majority of emigrants from Nordic countries and Korea had tertiary education. OECD emigrants living in Thailand and the Philippines had the highest educational attainment levels; more than half of the OECD-born persons residing in these countries in 2010/11 had a tertiary diploma. In contrast, the opposite was true for those who reside in Argentina. The share of tertiary educated was lowest among Mexican (8%), Turkish (10%) and Portuguese (11%) emigrants in all destination countries.

In 2000/01 the share of tertiary educated was 21% among OECD-born migrant women and one percentage point higher among OECD-born men living abroad. Things have changed in favour of women over the past decade. The share of tertiary educated among female migrants originating from an OECD country went up to 27% in 2010/11, while the same share was 26% among male migrants from the OECD. In the 51 non-OECD destinations the increase in the share of tertiary educated migrant women born in OECD countries was also greater than that of migrant men over the decade, but the share of highly skilled among migrant women (30%) remained below that of men (39%).

As a result of the increase in the level of educational attainment in the world, tertiary educated migrants are over-represented among recent migrants. The share of tertiary educated persons among recent intra-OECD migrants was 39% in 2010/11, whereas the same share among those who were residing in another OECD country for more than five years was 22% in 2010/11. In particular, the share of highly educated among recent migrants who were born in the United States, Australia, Japan, France and Ireland was above 60%.

Educational attainment of OECD emigrants differs across countries of destination even when persons from the same country of origin are considered. Over 70% of the Mexicans in Australia and the United Kingdom had a tertiary degree, while only 7% of those in the United States were highly educated. More than half of the Turks in the United States were tertiary educated whereas the share of highly educated Turks in France and Germany was less than 10%. Similarly, Italian, Greek and Portuguese emigrants in the United Kingdom have much higher educational attainment levels than those in Germany, Canada and Australia. This is linked to differences across destinations in terms of the age profile and duration of stay of those migrant groups.

International students who stay in the country after graduation account for an important part of highly skilled migrants in OECD countries. In 2012, there were more than 860 000 international students in the OECD area coming from another OECD country. 14% of all students originate from Germany and an additional 14% from Korea (Figure 4.5). Other main origin countries of international students in absolute numbers are France, the United States and Italy. International students from these five countries account for about half of all international students from an OECD country. International students from OECD countries represent close to one third of all international students and their number increased by 18% between 2008 and 2012. The highest growth was observed for students originating from the Netherlands (83%), Italy and Austria (52%) and Germany (49%). Other OECD countries with important growth of their students abroad were Estonia, the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic.

Figure 4.5. 25 main OECD countries of origin of international students, 2008 and 2012

Source: OECD Education Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269366

The United States was the most popular destination for international students from OECD countries, hosting a quarter of all (Table 4.3). Among all international students from the OECD who chose the United States to pursue their studies, 34% were born in Korea (70 000) and 13% in Canada (26 000). The United Kingdom, Germany, France and Austria are other main destinations for OECD-born international students. A little less than two-thirds of all international students originating from an OECD country chose one of these five main destinations. In Austria and the Netherlands, German students are the majority (25 000) while the Czech Republic hosted a similar number of students from the Slovak Republic.

Table 4.3. Intra-OECD international students by main countries of destination, 2012
Country of destination | Intra-OECD international students | Share of all international students from the OECD
United States | 205 500 | 24%
United Kingdom | 143 600 | 17%
Germany |  63 940 |  7%
France |  58 470 |  7%
Austria |  55 340 |  6%
Source: OECD Education Database.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271264

5. Impact of emigration

Migration plays an important role in shaping the demographic profile of the workforce, a critical element in OECD countries where population ageing advances at a faster pace than in developing countries. At the same time, young and high-skilled emigration curtails valuable skilled workforce which is absolutely essential for productivity and high economic performance in the origin country. The emigration rate of the highly skilled, in other words, the risk of brain drain, is usually higher than the total emigration rate because of the selective nature of migration and selective immigration policies. This holds true for the emigrants of the majority of OECD countries. However, compared with the rest of the regions, the difference between total and high-skilled emigration rates is rather small for OECD countries, reflecting the relatively balanced nature of emigration with respect to educational attainment as well as free mobility within the European Union (Table 4.2). However, in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, Denmark and France, emigration is strongly skewed towards the highly skilled i.e. relatively a higher share of those who left these countries had tertiary education.

In 2010/11 the emigration rate of the highly skilled of the OECD area was about 3.8%. This rate is lower than that of most regions and similar to that of non-OECD European countries and Central Asia. The Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Poland and Estonia in addition to Switzerland, Austria and the United Kingdom had emigration rates of the highly skilled of over 10% in 2010/11. However, emigration of the highly skilled was highest in Luxembourg (23%) and Ireland (20%), i.e. more than a fifth of all highly educated persons born in these countries moved abroad. In Portugal and Greece, deteriorated economic conditions and labour market outcomes induced a number of highly educated persons to emigrate in search for better employment opportunities and prospects.

As shown in Section 3, conventional calculations tend to underestimate the emigration rates, including those of the highly skilled, due to the non-exclusion of immigrants from the denominator. Emigration rates of the highly educated of OECD countries excluding immigrants from the denominator are provided in Table 4.2. The emigration rate of the highly skilled of the OECD area in 2010/11 is about one percentage point higher when immigrants are excluded from the denominator. The discrepancy between the two calculations is largest in countries where a significant share of the highly skilled population is foreign-born, such as Luxembourg, Ireland, Switzerland, Portugal and Australia and smallest in Japan, Chile, Turkey, Korea and Mexico.

6. Future challenges

Similar to all world regions, emigration from the OECD area is likely to continue in the future. According to the Gallup World Poll Survey 2007-13, 16% of all OECD residents state an intention to emigrate permanently abroad. Highly educated persons and especially youth are more likely than the rest of the OECD population to express their intention to emigrate. In several European countries more than a third of the youth would like to emigrate permanently. This is crucial since emigration of young and highly educated persons signifies a loss of valuable workforce, which could negatively affect economic growth and development of the country of origin. Emigration of youth also accelerates ageing, which is critical especially for OECD countries which face rapid population ageing.

Indeed, population ageing and skill shortages in specific sectors have been among the primary reasons for labour migration for many OECD countries. As immigrants tend to be younger and have higher fertility rates than the native-born population, several OECD countries embraced immigration as a policy tool to address population ageing and have been able to keep population growth relatively high. However, immigration is not a solution to population ageing; it can only decelerate ageing and not prevent it. For this reason, measures to stimulate participation of different population groups (e.g. older workers, women, etc.) and those aiming at improving the match between the skills produced by the education system and those needed in the labour market as well as more long-term measures to increase fertility should be promoted for sustainable economic performance in OECD countries, including those where immigrants account for a considerable part of the population.

References

Arslan, C., J.-C. Dumont, Z. Kone, Y. Moullan, C. Ozden, C. Parsons, T. Xenogiani (2014), “A New Profile of Migrants in the Aftermath of the Recent Economic Crisis”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 160, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jxt2t3nnjr5-en.

Database references

Database on Immigrants in OECD and Non-OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/migration/dioc.htm.

OECD Education Database, www.oecd.org/education/database.htm.

OECD International Migration Database, https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MIG.

Note

 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Regional and country notes

OECD countries

OECD countries

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

Chile

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Japan

Korea

Luxembourg

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

OECD countries

Total population (millions) | 1 262.8 |  |  |  |  |
Population growth (annual, in %) | 0.6 |  |  |  |  |
GDP per capita (current USD) | 38 026 |  |  |  |  |
GDP growth (annual, in %) | 1.4 |  |  |  |  |
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 2.64 |  |  |  |  |
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 16% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in OECD countries living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 22 266.5 | 22 719.0 | 44 985.5 | 20 947.3 | 21 582.6 | 42 529.9 | .. | .. | .. | 34 929.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |       .. |       .. |       .. |  2 619.5 |  2 386.0 |  5 005.5 | .. | .. | .. |  4 498.9
15-24 (%) |     11.1 |      9.9 |     10.5 |     11.1 |      9.9 |     10.5 | .. | .. | .. |     12.2
25-64 (%) |     73.2 |     70.5 |     71.9 |     73.7 |     71.0 |     72.3 | .. | .. | .. |     71.2
65+ (%) |     15.7 |     19.5 |     17.6 |     15.2 |     19.1 |     17.2 | .. | .. | .. |     16.6
Low educated (%) |     36.8 |     37.2 |     37.0 |     37.3 |     37.3 |     37.3 | .. | .. | .. |     45.1
Highly educated (%) |     26.9 |     27.5 |     27.2 |     26.2 |     27.4 |     26.8 | .. | .. | .. |     21.3
Total emigration rates (%) |      4.2 |      4.0 |      4.1 |      4.1 |      4.0 |      4.0 | .. | .. | .. |      3.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |      3.5 |      3.5 |      3.5 |      3.5 |      3.6 |      3.5 | .. | .. | .. |      2.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 18 189.1 | 40.4 |  8.0 | 49.4 | 21.3 | 13.1 | 14 930.2
Germany |  4 763.7 | 10.6 |  8.6 | 49.5 | 18.9 |  5.8 |  3 283.1
United Kingdom |  2 677.9 |  5.9 | 39.8 | 53.8 | 49.3 | 13.3 |  1 756.1
Australia |  2 474.2 |  5.5 | 11.4 | 50.3 | 29.6 |  6.5 |  2 279.6
France |  2 374.7 |  5.3 | 12.7 | 53.1 | 22.4 |  6.7 |  2 242.0
Canada |  2 338.8 |  5.2 |  7.0 | 51.8 | 46.6 |  5.9 |  2 426.3
Spain |  1 226.2 |  2.7 | 22.3 | 49.0 | 36.8 |  7.8 |    633.3
Switzerland |  1 100.7 |  2.5 | 24.3 | 50.1 | 35.6 |  6.1 |    921.4
Italy |    951.8 |  2.1 |  9.0 | 61.5 | 18.0 |  7.2 |    821.4
Belgium |    786.6 |  1.8 | 23.4 | 52.7 | 14.4 |  9.8 |    679.9

Labour market indicators of persons born in OECD countries living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment-population ratio (%) |     71.8 |    51.2 |     61.6 |     77.0 |    56.9 |     67.1
Unemployment rate (%) |      7.8 |     9.4 |      8.5 |      8.0 |     9.8 |      8.8
Participation rate (%) |     77.9 |    56.5 |     67.3 |     83.7 |    63.1 |     73.5
Total employed (thousands) | 10 551.5 | 7 394.9 | 17 946.4 | 13 542.9 | 9 846.6 | 23 389.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |     84.0 |    68.4 |     76.1 |     84.9 |    71.1 |     77.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |      3.6 |     4.7 |      4.1 |      4.9 |     6.4 |      5.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |       .. |      .. |     28.0 |       .. |      .. |     30.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2 669.2 | 2 227.9 |  4 897.1 |  3 939.0 | 3 646.1 |  7 585.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |     22.6 |    28.4 |     31.6 |     29.2 |    35.4 |     33.3
Of which: Health professionals |       .. |      .. |       .. |       .. |      .. |      7.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |       .. |      .. |       .. |       .. |      .. |      9.6
Medium-skilled occupations |     77.4 |    71.6 |     62.8 |     66.2 |    56.8 |     60.2
Low-skilled occupations |      0.1 |     0.1 |      5.7 |      4.7 |     7.8 |      6.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01 | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01
United States |  3 867.8 |  34.6 | United States |  7 599.0 |   6.7
United Kingdom |  1 319.2 | 133.5 | Germany |  1 974.3 |  19.0
Canada |  1 089.3 |  31.1 | France |  1 188.2 | -10.8
Germany |    900.0 | 121.7 | United Kingdom |    692.6 |  32.1
Australia |    732.2 |  59.9 | Australia |    575.6 | -36.0
Total | 11 140.1 |  54.6 | Total | 15 514.2 |   1.5

International students from OECD countries in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 220 075 | 212 835 | 205 507
United Kingdom | 134 653 | 140 330 | 143 581
Germany |  61 540 |  64 678 |  63 945
France |  51 067 |  53 450 |  58 467
Austria |  38 052 |  49 393 |  55 342
Total | 732 663 | 810 924 | 862 359

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (497 777, 52%), USA (242 795, 23%), GBR (160 000, 46%), CHE (109 024, 77%), AUS (98 738, 40%), ESP (90 429, 26%), JPN (78 806, 25%), NLD (71 951, 65%), AUT (67 337, 54%), BEL (65 046, 60%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 15 | 27 | 18 | 18 | 16
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 39
Three main countries of desired destination: United States (14%), Canada (9%), Australia (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270287

Australia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 23.1 |  |  | Australia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 2/187 | 2/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 67 463 |  |  | GDP per capita | 6/209 | 4/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 142/203 | 31/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 131/144 | 30/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 19%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 14% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Australia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 198.6 | 200.3 | 398.8 | 172.2 | 185.3 | 357.5 | .. | .. | .. | 295.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  39.0 |  39.6 |  78.7 | .. | .. | .. |  58.5
15-24 (%) |  12.3 |  13.2 |  12.7 |  12.4 |  12.6 |  12.5 | .. | .. | .. |  15.6
25-64 (%) |  79.8 |  75.8 |  77.8 |  79.9 |  76.0 |  77.9 | .. | .. | .. |  75.7
65+ (%) |   7.9 |  11.0 |   9.5 |   7.8 |  11.4 |   9.7 | .. | .. | .. |   8.7
Low educated (%) |  16.0 |  16.9 |  16.5 |  16.5 |  16.7 |  16.6 | .. | .. | .. |  17.4
Highly educated (%) |  53.1 |  50.4 |  51.7 |  51.3 |  50.8 |  51.0 | .. | .. | .. |  44.6
Total emigration rates (%) |   2.2 |   2.2 |   2.2 |   1.9 |   2.0 |   2.0 | .. | .. | .. |   1.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   3.1 |   3.4 |   3.3 |   2.7 |   3.2 |   2.9 | .. | .. | .. |   2.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 115.8 | 29.0 | 38.7 | 53.3 | 62.1 | 11.5 | 96.9
United States |  79.2 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 50.4 | 55.1 | 11.9 | 64.4
New Zealand |  49.5 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 54.6 | 31.3 | 20.9 | 42.0
Canada |  22.7 |  5.7 | 16.0 | 48.8 | 64.3 | 11.1 | 17.7
Greece |  20.5 |  5.1 |  4.7 | 54.8 | 28.6 |  4.6 | 19.4
Italy |  17.8 |  4.5 |  5.0 | 56.3 | 15.6 |  2.7 | 17.2
Thailand |   6.6 |  1.7 |   .. |   .. | 87.3 | 11.4 |   ..
Netherlands |   6.5 |  1.6 | 11.0 | 53.7 | 32.2 |  3.3 |  3.4
Switzerland |   6.1 |  1.5 | 33.0 | 43.1 | 52.6 |  5.3 |  2.9
Japan |   5.5 |  1.4 |   .. | 29.3 | 63.6 | 10.9 |  5.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Australia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  80.7 | 66.0 |  72.9 |  81.3 |  68.8 |  74.9
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.0 |  6.5 |   6.3 |   6.0 |   6.7 |   6.3
Participation rate (%) |  85.8 | 70.6 |  77.7 |  86.4 |  73.7 |  79.9
Total employed (thousands) | 101.6 | 94.9 | 196.5 | 127.7 | 112.3 | 240.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  89.8 | 76.3 |  82.8 |  89.1 |  77.9 |  83.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.3 |  4.2 |   3.7 |   3.7 |   4.6 |   4.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  20.9 |    .. |    .. |  21.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  51.4 | 47.3 |  98.7 |  74.4 |  68.4 | 142.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  56.3 |  62.0 |  57.5 |  60.4
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   3.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.8
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  39.8 |  33.2 |  37.9 |  35.0
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   3.8 |   4.8 |   4.7 |   4.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom |  72.0 | +52.0 | New Zealand | 17.1 | +172.4
United States |  43.6 | +35.9 | United Kingdom | 15.0 |   -2.6
New Zealand |  15.5 | +31.2 | United States |  6.8 |   -4.5
Canada |  14.6 | +43.8 | Italy |  6.6 |  -13.2
Greece |   5.9 | +27.2 | Greece |  3.7 |  -10.6
Total | 179.3 | +43.3 | Total | 58.3 |  +19.8

International students from Australia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 3 091 |  3 267 |  3 727
New Zealand | 2 809 |  2 966 |  2 624
United Kingdom | 1 610 |  1 643 |  1 775
Germany |   318 |    411 |    459
France |   297 |    352 |    337
Total | 9 303 | 10 045 | 10 305

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (16 000, 4%), JPN (2 937, 0%), USA (2 414, 0%), DEU (2 382, 0%), KOR (1 776, 0%), CAN (1 240, 0%), NLD (758, 0%), FRA (566, 0%), CHE (440, 0%), ESP (363, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 7 | 15 | 8 | 9 |  8
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 13
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 66
Three main desired countries of destination: United Kingdom (18%), United States (14%), Canada (13%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269944

Austria

Total population 2013 (millions) | 8.5 |  |  | Austria compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 21/187 | 18/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 50 511 |  |  | GDP per capita | 14/209 | 10/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 90/203 | 15/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 56/144 | 8/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 14%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Austria living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 202.5 | 238.5 | 441.0 | 189.6 | 226.0 | 415.6 | .. | .. | .. | 391.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  23.8 |  19.5 |  43.3 | .. | .. | .. |  17.1
15-24 (%) |   5.7 |   5.4 |   5.6 |   5.6 |   5.3 |   5.4 | .. | .. | .. |   3.6
25-64 (%) |  64.8 |  59.7 |  62.0 |  64.0 |  59.0 |  61.3 | .. | .. | .. |  69.2
65+ (%) |  29.5 |  34.9 |  32.4 |  30.4 |  35.7 |  33.3 | .. | .. | .. |  27.2
Low educated (%) |  12.5 |  23.8 |  18.6 |  12.1 |  23.8 |  18.5 | .. | .. | .. |  24.5
Highly educated (%) |  40.3 |  30.0 |  34.7 |  40.9 |  29.9 |  34.9 | .. | .. | .. |  28.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   5.5 |   6.1 |   5.8 |   5.2 |   5.8 |   5.5 | .. | .. | .. |   5.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  12.7 |  13.3 |  13.0 |  12.2 |  12.7 |  12.4 | .. | .. | .. |  11.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 184.2 | 41.8 | 10.7 | 50.6 | 31.8 |  4.0 | 128.1
United States |  55.8 | 12.6 |  7.1 | 56.1 | 45.3 |  5.1 |  68.1
Switzerland |  42.3 |  9.6 | 12.5 | 59.9 | 33.4 |  4.7 |  53.5
United Kingdom |  18.4 |  4.2 | 22.6 | 65.9 | 47.5 | 10.9 |  18.9
Canada |  17.1 |  3.9 |  1.4 | 50.3 | 45.8 |  2.6 |  22.1
Australia |  16.7 |  3.8 |  3.2 | 47.8 | 23.9 |  2.3 |  18.9
Italy |  14.8 |  3.3 |  8.6 | 71.8 | 19.2 |  6.6 |  15.7
France |  11.3 |  2.6 | 12.7 | 63.0 | 39.3 |  6.2 |  11.6
Serbia |   6.3 |  1.4 |   .. | 51.6 |  9.9 | 13.5 |    ..
Netherlands |   6.1 |  1.4 | 10.5 | 65.1 | 35.5 | 12.9 |   1.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Austria living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  78.4 | 58.7 |  68.2 |  76.6 | 66.3 |  71.2
Unemployment rate (%) |   2.6 |  3.6 |   3.1 |   4.1 |  5.1 |   4.6
Participation rate (%) |  80.5 | 60.8 |  70.3 |  79.9 | 69.8 |  74.6
Total employed (thousands) | 108.0 | 86.7 | 194.7 | 100.2 | 95.9 | 196.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  81.7 | 76.4 |  79.7 |  85.4 | 75.5 |  80.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   1.6 |  3.1 |   2.2 |   2.6 |  4.0 |   3.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  18.2 |    .. |   .. |  16.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  44.7 | 26.1 |  70.8 |  47.3 | 39.5 |  86.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  53.3 |  59.1 | 50.4 |  56.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   9.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   7.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  43.5 |  36.9 | 43.9 |  38.9
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   3.2 |   4.0 |  5.7 |   5.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany |  58.5 | +59.0 | Germany | 28.3 | +20.8
United States |  25.2 |  -3.6 | Switzerland |  7.9 | -47.5
Switzerland |  14.1 | +42.7 | United States |  6.0 | -50.1
United Kingdom |   8.7 | +96.2 | Italy |  5.2 | -32.3
Canada |   7.8 |  +2.4 | United Kingdom |  5.2 | +10.8
Total | 142.1 | +32.9 | Total | 75.2 | -18.3

International students from Austria in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Germany | 4 508 |  6 202 |  7 536
United Kingdom | 1 416 |  1 472 |  1 775
Switzerland |   712 |    970 |  1 165
United States |   887 |    985 |    958
France |   492 |    479 |    502
Total | 9 299 | 11 859 | 14 106

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (10 089, 1%), CHE (3 054, 2%), JPN (1 175, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), ESP (657, 0%), NLD (458, 0%), HUN (455, 2%), USA (407, 0%), ITA (331, 0%), BEL (280, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 8 | 22 | 9 | 8 |  9
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (9%), Spain (8%), Canada (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269956

Belgium

Total population 2013 (millions) | 11.2 |  |  | Belgium compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 21/187 | 20/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 46 930 |  |  | GDP per capita | 18/209 | 14/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 101/203 | 20/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 93/144 | 18/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 17%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Belgium living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 205.5 | 230.2 | 435.7 | 195.6 | 226.3 | 421.9 | .. | .. | .. | 355.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  29.2 |  26.5 |  55.8 | .. | .. | .. |  36.3
15-24 (%) |   9.8 |   8.8 |   9.3 |   9.9 |   8.8 |   9.3 | .. | .. | .. |   9.4
25-64 (%) |  73.0 |  68.9 |  70.8 |  73.1 |  69.0 |  70.9 | .. | .. | .. |  68.0
65+ (%) |  17.1 |  22.3 |  19.8 |  17.0 |  22.2 |  19.8 | .. | .. | .. |  22.6
Low educated (%) |  22.9 |  28.3 |  25.8 |  23.0 |  28.7 |  26.0 | .. | .. | .. |  35.0
Highly educated (%) |  43.8 |  37.7 |  40.6 |  43.4 |  37.6 |  40.3 | .. | .. | .. |  31.8
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.4 |   4.7 |   4.6 |   4.2 |   4.7 |   4.4 | .. | .. | .. |   4.0
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   8.1 |   7.0 |   7.5 |   7.7 |   6.9 |   7.3 | .. | .. | .. |   5.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 132.2 | 30.4 | 17.7 | 55.5 | 38.4 |  8.9 | 115.3
Italy |  42.3 |  9.7 |  4.0 | 57.9 | 14.6 |  3.5 |  41.1
Netherlands |  41.7 |  9.6 | 14.9 | 55.7 | 37.8 |  9.9 |  41.0
United States |  37.4 |  8.6 | 10.1 | 53.5 | 51.2 | 12.4 |  36.9
Spain |  36.7 |  8.4 | 17.0 | 47.7 | 39.3 |  7.6 |  26.1
United Kingdom |  23.2 |  5.3 | 27.4 | 55.2 | 54.5 | 19.1 |  19.1
Germany |  22.6 |  5.2 | 12.3 | 54.2 | 43.3 |  9.6 |    ..
Canada |  19.9 |  4.6 |  6.1 | 50.9 | 50.8 |  4.6 |  20.3
Luxembourg |  15.7 |  3.6 | 16.0 | 47.1 | 44.5 |  7.6 |  13.5
Switzerland |  13.4 |  3.1 | 28.7 | 50.9 | 57.4 |  7.8 |  10.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Belgium living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 73.4 | 52.9 |  62.3 |  73.7 |  57.8 |  65.4
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.4 | 10.2 |   8.7 |   8.7 |  11.1 |   9.8
Participation rate (%) | 79.3 | 58.9 |  68.2 |  80.8 |  65.0 |  72.5
Total employed (thousands) | 93.2 | 80.3 | 173.5 | 118.2 | 100.8 | 218.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 85.3 | 68.0 |  76.2 |  84.4 |  72.6 |  78.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.6 |  5.9 |   4.7 |   5.0 |   7.1 |   6.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  19.8 |    .. |    .. |  20.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 40.3 | 35.7 |  76.0 |  59.9 |  53.0 | 112.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  51.6 |  53.5 |  49.8 |  54.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  42.4 |  40.2 |  43.0 |  39.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   6.0 |   6.3 |   7.2 |   6.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France |  50.8 |  +50.5 | France |  36.9 | -19.3
United States |  19.1 |  +13.4 | Italy |  18.8 | -12.8
Netherlands |  15.8 |  +23.6 | Netherlands |  12.5 | -20.7
Spain |  14.4 | +127.3 | Spain |  12.0 |  -7.5
United Kingdom |  12.6 |  +79.7 | Germany |   5.4 |    ..
Total | 167.6 |  +51.6 | Total | 108.3 | -11.1

International students from Belgium in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 2 763 |  3 238 |  3 393
United Kingdom | 2 475 |  2 723 |  3 001
Netherlands |   974 |  1 136 |  2 288
Germany |   841 |    861 |    937
United States |   813 |    838 |    852
Total | 9 400 | 10 795 | 12 799

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (3 000, 0%), DEU (2 622, 0%), NLD (2 568, 2%), ESP (2 313, 0%), LUX (1 304, 6%), CHE (1 163, 0%), CAN (740, 0%), USA (574, 0%), JPN (496, 0%), ITA (343, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 18 | 25 | 23 | 25 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 37
Three main desired countries of destination: France (26%), Spain (15%), Italy (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269963

Canada

Total population 2013 (millions) | 35.2 |  |  | Canada compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 8/187 | 8/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 51 964 |  |  | GDP per capita | 12/209 | 8/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 112/203 | 26/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 114/144 | 27/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 16%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 15% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Canada living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 539.4 | 646.2 | 1 185.7 | 524.9 | 636.2 | 1 161.1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 070.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  61.1 |  69.9 |   131.0 | .. | .. | .. |   154.8
15-24 (%) |  10.6 |   9.2 |     9.8 |  10.5 |   9.0 |     9.7 | .. | .. | .. |     9.4
25-64 (%) |  70.5 |  65.8 |    67.9 |  70.5 |  65.8 |    67.9 | .. | .. | .. |    64.9
65+ (%) |  18.9 |  25.0 |    22.2 |  19.0 |  25.2 |    22.4 | .. | .. | .. |    25.8
Low educated (%) |  12.7 |  12.7 |    12.7 |  12.6 |  12.6 |    12.6 | .. | .. | .. |    18.5
Highly educated (%) |  51.2 |  46.7 |    48.7 |  51.0 |  46.7 |    48.6 | .. | .. | .. |    40.1
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.7 |   4.3 |     4.0 |   3.6 |   4.3 |     3.9 | .. | .. | .. |     4.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   5.5 |   5.4 |     5.4 |   5.4 |   5.3 |     5.3 | .. | .. | .. |     6.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 888.5 | 74.9 | 10.0 | 54.9 | 47.4 |  8.9 | 868.8
United Kingdom |  75.8 |  6.4 | 27.0 | 56.8 | 59.3 | 11.4 |  66.9
Australia |  35.7 |  3.0 | 21.9 | 53.7 | 57.9 | 10.8 |  24.7
Italy |  23.1 |  1.9 |  4.6 | 55.2 | 20.7 |  2.9 |  22.6
France |  20.8 |  1.8 | 26.1 | 54.8 | 56.9 | 15.2 |  16.2
Germany |  17.9 |  1.5 | 26.2 | 51.6 | 55.9 | 11.3 |    ..
Greece |  12.7 |  1.1 |  6.3 | 56.7 | 36.5 |  7.3 |  11.4
Switzerland |  10.9 |  0.9 | 31.2 | 53.2 | 62.5 | 11.5 |   6.6
New Zealand |   8.8 |  0.8 | 20.8 | 56.9 | 53.7 |  9.7 |   6.9
Netherlands |   8.1 |  0.7 |  6.8 | 50.1 | 45.5 |  6.8 |   1.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Canada living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  79.4 |  62.5 |  70.4 |  77.3 |  64.4 |  70.5
Unemployment rate (%) |   3.7 |   4.4 |   4.1 |   6.0 |   5.9 |   5.9
Participation rate (%) |  82.4 |  65.4 |  73.4 |  82.2 |  68.5 |  74.9
Total employed (thousands) | 295.4 | 262.6 | 558.0 | 325.1 | 304.1 | 629.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  88.0 |  72.0 |  79.7 |  86.5 |  73.2 |  79.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   2.0 |   2.8 |   2.4 |   3.8 |   4.3 |   4.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  23.3 |    .. |    .. |  23.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 156.5 | 136.1 | 292.5 | 197.7 | 187.4 | 385.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  52.8 |  58.1 |  56.3 |  57.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  12.0
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  46.2 |  40.7 |  42.4 |  41.0
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   1.0 |   1.2 |   1.2 |   1.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 421.3 | +22.9 | United States | 105.3 | -32.0
United Kingdom |  44.9 | +66.3 | United Kingdom |  12.6 |  -6.5
Australia |  20.7 | +82.8 | Italy |   7.0 | -17.5
France |  11.8 | +41.6 | France |   3.2 |  +5.9
Germany |  10.0 |    .. | Portugal |   2.3 |  -0.9
Total | 560.7 | +32.5 | Total | 145.4 | -25.5

International students from Canada in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 29 082 | 27 896 | 25 978
United Kingdom |  5 003 |  5 508 |  6 085
Australia |  4 321 |  4 320 |  3 837
France |  1 378 |  1 442 |  1 685
Ireland |    575 |    594 |    705
Total | 43 466 | 43 552 | 42 468

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (12 932, 1%), GBR (7 000, 2%), KOR (6 012, 2%), DEU (3 269, 0%), JPN (2 203, 0%), AUS (2 011, 0%), FRA (1 213, 0%), NLD (912, 0%), CHE (903, 0%), MEX (881, 4%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 9 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 37
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (19%), Australia (7%), France (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269978

Chile

Total population 2013 (millions) | 17.6 |  |  | Chile compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 41/187 | 31/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 15 732 |  |  | GDP per capita | 49/209 | 30/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 134/203 | 30/34
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 1.86 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 132/144 | 31/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 21%; “15-64”: 69%; “65+”: 10% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Chile living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 246.8 | 262.6 | 509.4 | 144.5 | 151.9 | 296.4 | .. | .. | .. | 209.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  20.2 |  20.5 |  40.6 | .. | .. | .. |  28.5
15-24 (%) |   8.1 |   7.0 |   7.5 |  10.8 |   9.1 |   9.9 | .. | .. | .. |  13.2
25-64 (%) |  76.8 |  75.4 |  76.1 |  78.6 |  77.3 |  77.9 | .. | .. | .. |  79.0
65+ (%) |  15.1 |  17.6 |  16.4 |  10.6 |  13.6 |  12.1 | .. | .. | .. |   7.9
Low educated (%) |  40.7 |  43.1 |  41.9 |  19.4 |  21.1 |  20.2 | .. | .. | .. |  25.9
Highly educated (%) |  26.4 |  24.8 |  25.6 |  37.6 |  37.5 |  37.5 | .. | .. | .. |  31.0
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.6 |   3.7 |   3.7 |   2.1 |   2.2 |   2.2 | .. | .. | .. |   1.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   3.4 |   3.4 |   3.4 |   2.8 |   2.9 |   2.9 | .. | .. | .. |   2.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Argentina | 180.8 | 35.5 |   .. | 53.6 |  3.1 |  3.7 | 207.4
United States |  92.8 | 18.2 |  8.8 | 51.5 | 41.2 | 11.0 |  75.8
Spain |  61.6 | 12.1 | 30.9 | 49.9 | 34.3 | 14.1 |  15.5
Sweden |  27.3 |  5.3 |  9.3 | 49.8 | 20.4 |  5.5 |  26.2
Canada |  25.7 |  5.0 |  6.2 | 50.9 | 50.1 |  5.3 |  24.2
Australia |  24.3 |  4.8 |  7.0 | 52.2 | 30.6 |  4.1 |  22.5
Brazil |  14.5 |  2.8 |   .. | 39.5 | 41.2 |  4.5 |  16.1
France |  13.0 |  2.5 | 13.1 | 52.9 | 44.7 | 13.9 |   9.9
Italy |  10.5 |  2.1 |  9.9 | 59.0 | 17.6 | 14.6 |   7.9
United Kingdom |   6.7 |  1.3 | 29.6 | 53.8 | 61.2 |  7.9 |   4.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Chile living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 71.4 | 55.5 |  63.4 | 70.1 | 57.3 |  63.6
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.2 |  9.5 |   8.8 | 14.9 | 16.4 |  15.6
Participation rate (%) | 77.8 | 61.3 |  69.5 | 82.3 | 68.5 |  75.4
Total employed (thousands) | 68.3 | 54.3 | 122.6 | 89.7 | 74.6 | 164.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 79.8 | 67.3 |  73.5 | 79.1 | 64.0 |  71.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.7 |  6.2 |   5.9 |  9.9 | 13.3 |  11.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  34.9 |   .. |   .. |  38.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 23.5 | 20.1 |  43.6 | 37.9 | 32.3 |  70.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  34.0 | 35.9 | 34.6 |  35.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   5.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |  11.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  55.3 | 56.4 | 53.9 |  54.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  10.7 |  7.6 | 11.5 |   9.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  38.2 |  +44.2 | Spain | 18.4 | +212.4
Spain |  21.1 | +338.4 | United States | 12.8 |  -19.1
Canada |  12.9 |  +38.5 | Sweden |  6.2 |  -15.9
Australia |   7.4 |  +65.4 | Italy |  3.5 |   -1.8
France |   5.8 |  +53.8 | Canada |  3.1 |  -40.8
Total | 109.0 |  +73.3 | Total | 58.8 |  +11.8

International students from Chile in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 687 | 2 037 | 2 134
Spain |   748 | 1 881 | 1 431
France |   738 |   802 |   890
United Kingdom |   369 |   487 |   677
Germany |   585 |   660 |   557
Total | 5 142 | 7 224 | 7 216

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ESP (2 427, 0%), USA (1 673, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), DEU (945, 0%), SWE (311, 0%), FRA (308, 0%), MEX (297, 1%), CAN (295, 0%), ITA (247, 0%), AUS (234, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 23 | 45 | 34 | 25 | 26
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (22%), United States (18%), Argentina (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269996

Czech Republic

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.5 |  |  | Czech Republic compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 28/187 | 25/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 19 858 |  |  | GDP per capita | 43/209 | 27/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 110/203 | 25/34
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.09 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 62/144 | 11/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 17% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Czech Republic living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 159.7 | 226.7 | 386.4 | 152.8 | 218.8 | 371.6 | .. | .. | .. | 256.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  17.3 |  26.2 |  43.5 | .. | .. | .. |  12.2
15-24 (%) |   7.6 |   6.3 |   6.8 |   6.8 |   5.7 |   6.2 | .. | .. | .. |   6.7
25-64 (%) |  63.5 |  67.5 |  65.8 |  63.2 |  67.3 |  65.6 | .. | .. | .. |  69.3
65+ (%) |  28.9 |  26.3 |  27.4 |  30.0 |  27.0 |  28.2 | .. | .. | .. |  24.0
Low educated (%) |  23.9 |  26.8 |  25.6 |  24.9 |  27.6 |  26.5 | .. | .. | .. |  23.9
Highly educated (%) |  34.9 |  30.7 |  32.4 |  34.3 |  29.9 |  31.7 | .. | .. | .. |  24.6
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.5 |   4.7 |   4.1 |   3.3 |   4.6 |   4.0 | .. | .. | .. |   2.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  10.3 |  13.3 |  11.8 |   9.7 |  12.6 |  11.1 | .. | .. | .. |   6.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 111.7 | 28.9 |  6.7 | 60.8 | 27.1 |  4.7 | 44.1
Slovak Republic |  83.6 | 21.6 |  1.9 | 55.4 | 17.4 |  5.3 |   ..
United Kingdom |  34.1 |  8.8 | 56.7 | 60.9 | 48.1 | 16.0 | 11.5
United States |  28.1 |  7.3 |  6.8 | 55.5 | 48.9 |  5.9 |   ..
Austria |  24.7 |  6.4 |  5.9 | 62.8 | 21.3 |  4.3 | 53.9
Canada |  20.5 |  5.3 |  5.0 | 51.0 | 59.2 |  4.1 | 16.0
Switzerland |  13.5 |  3.5 | 10.4 | 60.1 | 43.3 |  0.9 | 10.8
Russian Federation |  10.6 |  2.8 | 15.4 | 49.8 | 55.0 | 26.6 |   ..
Italy |   8.8 |  2.3 | 15.4 | 85.5 | 18.0 |  6.4 |  6.7
France |   8.2 |  2.1 | 20.9 | 65.1 | 40.8 |  9.7 |  3.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Czech Republic living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 66.5 | 50.0 |  56.8 | 72.4 | 61.2 |  65.7
Unemployment rate (%) | 10.7 | 11.2 |  10.9 | 10.3 | 12.0 |  11.3
Participation rate (%) | 74.4 | 56.3 |  63.8 | 80.8 | 69.5 |  74.0
Total employed (thousands) | 53.2 | 55.9 | 109.1 | 76.3 | 97.0 | 173.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 83.2 | 75.4 |  79.3 | 82.7 | 72.2 |  76.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.4 |  3.7 |   3.6 |  4.6 |  7.3 |   6.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  27.8 |   .. |   .. |  30.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 19.7 | 18.5 |  38.3 | 29.4 | 39.2 |  68.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  45.1 | 40.0 | 41.6 |  42.5
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |  10.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   8.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  45.8 | 51.5 | 46.4 |  47.6
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   9.1 |  8.5 | 12.0 |  10.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany |  30.2 | +112.5 | Slovak Republic | 42.1 | +157.4
United Kingdom |  16.4 | +354.9 | Germany | 26.2 | +372.0
Slovak Republic |  14.6 |  +23.9 | United Kingdom |  7.9 | +278.5
United States |  13.8 |     .. | Austria |  4.7 |  -74.5
Canada |  12.1 |  +52.9 | United States |  2.2 |     ..
Total | 116.2 |  +88.4 | Total | 97.2 |  +62.1

International students from the Czech Republic in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Slovak Republic | 2 584 |  4 622 |  4 996
Germany | 1 646 |  1 444 |  1 337
United Kingdom | 1 301 |  1 186 |  1 260
France |   751 |    803 |    776
Poland |   536 |    366 |    700
Total | 9 222 | 11 241 | 12 131

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (9 221, 0%), GBR (2 000, 0%), AUT (1 755, 1%), CHE (779, 0%), ESP (692, 0%), USA (677, 0%), NLD (616, 0%), BEL (492, 0%), SVK (462, 15%), JPN (400, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 11 | 25 | 12 | 12 | 11
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 57
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (16%), United Kingdom (12%), Germany (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270000

Denmark

Total population 2013 (millions) | 5.6 |  |  | Denmark compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 10/187 | 9/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 59 819 |  |  | GDP per capita | 8/209 | 6/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 109/203 | 23/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 82/144 | 15/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Denmark living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 101.7 | 102.0 | 203.7 | 94.5 | 99.0 | 193.5 | .. | .. | .. | 160.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. | 19.3 | 14.4 |  33.7 | .. | .. | .. |  23.2
15-24 (%) |   6.4 |   8.1 |   7.2 |  6.3 |  7.8 |   7.1 | .. | .. | .. |   7.7
25-64 (%) |  68.2 |  61.3 |  64.8 | 67.7 | 61.2 |  64.3 | .. | .. | .. |  70.0
65+ (%) |  25.4 |  30.6 |  28.0 | 26.1 | 31.0 |  28.6 | .. | .. | .. |  22.3
Low educated (%) |  17.6 |  18.8 |  18.2 | 17.7 | 18.7 |  18.2 | .. | .. | .. |  22.0
Highly educated (%) |  46.5 |  42.3 |  44.3 | 45.1 | 42.3 |  43.7 | .. | .. | .. |  36.4
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.3 |   4.3 |   4.3 |  4.0 |  4.1 |   4.1 | .. | .. | .. |   3.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   9.7 |   8.4 |   9.0 |  8.9 |  8.2 |   8.5 | .. | .. | .. |   7.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Sweden | 41.9 | 20.6 | 27.0 | 46.3 | 24.4 |  5.9 | 33.1
United States | 31.0 | 15.2 | 12.4 | 53.4 | 53.3 |  6.2 | 32.4
Norway | 22.3 | 10.9 | 13.2 | 49.0 | 34.9 |  6.2 | 21.6
United Kingdom | 19.7 |  9.7 | 27.5 | 60.0 | 59.4 | 16.4 | 17.0
Germany | 19.3 |  9.5 | 17.2 | 51.1 | 41.8 |  6.2 |   ..
Canada | 14.8 |  7.2 |  1.7 | 45.4 | 42.3 |  1.1 | 18.1
Australia |  8.7 |  4.3 |  7.5 | 48.0 | 34.8 |  4.5 |  8.6
Spain |  7.0 |  3.4 | 24.9 | 46.3 | 45.4 |  1.5 |  5.4
France |  5.8 |  2.8 | 23.3 | 59.9 | 54.7 |  5.9 |  5.3
Switzerland |  4.7 |  2.3 | 27.6 | 49.8 | 55.1 |  2.4 |  3.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Denmark living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 67.9 | 57.3 | 62.3 | 70.8 | 61.4 | 66.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  4.0 |  4.2 |  4.1 |  6.0 |  6.8 |  6.4
Participation rate (%) | 70.7 | 59.9 | 65.0 | 75.4 | 65.9 | 70.7
Total employed (thousands) | 41.1 | 38.6 | 79.8 | 49.1 | 41.6 | 90.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 80.7 | 68.4 | 74.2 | 83.1 | 70.8 | 77.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  2.5 |  3.8 |  3.1 |  4.3 |  5.0 |  4.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 23.9 |   .. |   .. | 20.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 17.5 | 16.9 | 34.4 | 27.0 | 22.5 | 49.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 51.4 | 61.7 | 54.7 | 59.8
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.1
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 44.4 | 34.8 | 41.7 | 36.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.2 |  3.5 |  3.5 |  3.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 16.5 | +11.8 | Sweden |  9.9 | +13.4
United Kingdom | 11.7 | +59.1 | Norway |  5.3 | +58.7
Sweden | 10.2 | +42.8 | United States |  3.5 | -21.4
Germany |  8.1 |    .. | United Kingdom |  2.8 | +21.6
Norway |  7.8 | +37.5 | Canada |  2.3 | -54.3
Total | 79.5 | +47.8 | Total | 33.2 |  +2.0

International students from Denmark in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 1 516 | 1 536 | 1 535
United States |   899 |   980 | 1 194
Norway |   838 |   806 |   861
Germany |   354 |   328 |   407
Sweden |   161 |   229 |   240
Total | 4 773 | 5 101 | 5 571

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): SWE (2 633, 3%), DEU (2 322, 0%), NOR (1 779, 2%), GBR (1 000, 0%), ESP (840, 0%), CHE (493, 0%), NLD (481, 0%), USA (459, 0%), JPN (317, 0%), BEL (257, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 12 | 27 | 17 | 14 | 14
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  3
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (14%), Spain (10%), United Kingdom (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270021

Estonia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1.3 |  |  | Estonia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 33/187 | 27/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 18 877 |  |  | GDP per capita | 44/209 | 28/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 63/203 | 7/34
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 1.39 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 49/144 | 5/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 16%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Estonia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 62.7 | 80.8 | 143.5 | 32.5 | 46.2 | 78.7 | .. | .. | .. | 37.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 13.8 | 18.5 | 32.4 | .. | .. | .. |  4.5
15-24 (%) | 16.0 | 15.0 |  15.5 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 16.3 | .. | .. | .. | 12.8
25-64 (%) | 70.9 | 70.6 |  70.7 | 61.7 | 62.6 | 62.2 | .. | .. | .. | 47.4
65+ (%) | 13.1 | 14.4 |  13.8 | 21.8 | 21.2 | 21.5 | .. | .. | .. | 39.8
Low educated (%) | 22.2 | 17.4 |  19.5 | 35.5 | 25.8 | 29.8 | .. | .. | .. | 28.0
Highly educated (%) | 32.3 | 38.8 |  36.0 | 29.5 | 39.7 | 35.6 | .. | .. | .. | 33.2
Total emigration rates (%) | 10.7 | 11.8 |  11.3 |  5.9 |  7.1 |  6.5 | .. | .. | .. |  3.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 18.3 | 13.2 |  14.8 |  9.3 |  8.1 |  8.5 | .. | .. | .. |  4.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 56.3 | 39.2 | 10.3 | 53.6 | 37.0 | 14.5 |  ..
Finland | 22.0 | 15.4 | 55.1 | 52.2 | 11.8 | 17.1 | 6.2
United States | 10.1 |  7.1 | 12.2 | 62.5 | 49.6 | 15.4 | 8.7
Germany |  9.0 |  6.3 | 10.4 | 53.2 | 42.0 | 13.4 | 1.0
Sweden |  9.0 |  6.2 | 33.4 | 60.3 | 31.6 |  9.0 | 6.2
United Kingdom |  8.0 |  5.6 | 63.5 | 63.9 | 51.6 | 27.8 | 1.8
Belarus |  4.0 |  2.8 |   .. | 50.7 | 28.5 | 21.1 |  ..
Canada |  3.8 |  2.7 |  2.8 | 57.7 | 63.7 |  3.9 | 6.3
Latvia |  3.0 |  2.1 |   .. | 54.7 | 31.4 |  6.0 |  ..
Norway |  2.5 |  1.7 | 78.7 | 45.8 | 22.9 | 16.1 | 0.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Estonia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 51.9 | 44.0 | 47.3 | 68.4 | 63.7 | 65.6
Unemployment rate (%) |  9.3 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 12.8 | 11.2 | 11.9
Participation rate (%) | 57.2 | 49.5 | 52.7 | 78.4 | 71.8 | 74.5
Total employed (thousands) |  5.5 |  6.7 | 12.1 | 17.4 | 23.0 | 40.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 71.0 | 58.8 | 63.5 | 80.8 | 71.7 | 74.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.7 |  6.3 |  6.1 |  7.8 | 10.3 |  9.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 31.0 |   .. |   .. | 41.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.2 |  2.9 |  5.1 |  4.7 | 10.2 | 14.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 42.3 | 27.9 | 33.0 | 31.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.9 | 62.9 | 46.8 | 53.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.9 |  9.2 | 20.2 | 15.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  5.0 |    +40.8 | Finland | 13.6 | +303.6
United Kingdom |  4.1 | +1 032.2 | Sweden |  2.0 |  +42.0
Germany |  3.8 | +2 343.2 | Germany |  1.6 | +330.8
Sweden |  2.8 |    +34.4 | United Kingdom |  1.5 | +297.4
Finland |  2.6 |   +172.6 | United States |  0.8 |  -27.9
Total | 26.7 |   +130.9 | Total | 22.4 | +129.1

International students from Estonia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   658 |   952 | 1 223
Finland |   681 |   700 |   772
Germany |   579 |   536 |   523
Denmark |    58 |   186 |   325
United States |   245 |   218 |   233
Total | 2 800 | 3 292 | 3 946

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FIN (6 041, 25%), DEU (1 290, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), NOR (908, 1%), SWE (542, 0%), ESP (311, 0%), NLD (297, 0%), USA (227, 0%), CHE (134, 0%), BEL (131, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 22 | 44 | 21 | 25 | 23
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 55
Three main desired countries of destination: Finland (19%), Sweden (12%), United Kingdom (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270043

Finland

Total population 2013 (millions) | 5.4 |  |  | Finland compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 24/187 | 21/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 49 151 |  |  | GDP per capita | 16/209 | 12/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -1.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 88/203 | 14/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 94/144 | 19/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 16%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 19% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Finland living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 102.4 | 170.8 | 273.1 | 100.7 | 166.7 | 267.4 | .. | .. | .. | 259.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.8 |  15.1 |  24.9 | .. | .. | .. |  27.4
15-24 (%) |   4.2 |   4.3 |   4.3 |   4.1 |   3.8 |   3.9 | .. | .. | .. |   4.3
25-64 (%) |  65.4 |  63.1 |  64.0 |  65.2 |  63.1 |  63.9 | .. | .. | .. |  78.3
65+ (%) |  30.3 |  32.6 |  31.8 |  30.6 |  33.1 |  32.2 | .. | .. | .. |  17.4
Low educated (%) |  31.2 |  24.1 |  26.7 |  31.6 |  24.5 |  27.2 | .. | .. | .. |  31.4
Highly educated (%) |  25.7 |  35.8 |  32.0 |  25.2 |  34.9 |  31.2 | .. | .. | .. |  24.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.4 |   7.0 |   5.8 |   4.4 |   6.8 |   5.6 | .. | .. | .. |   5.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   5.2 |   8.9 |   7.4 |   5.0 |   8.5 |   7.1 | .. | .. | .. |   5.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Sweden | 167.9 | 61.5 |  4.6 | 59.6 | 18.0 |  1.7 | 171.7
United States |  18.7 |  6.8 | 11.5 | 64.6 | 58.0 |  7.7 |  21.1
Germany |  13.9 |  5.1 | 21.3 | 79.6 | 59.3 |  1.9 |    ..
United Kingdom |  12.1 |  4.4 | 37.5 | 74.9 | 66.4 | 17.7 |  10.4
Canada |   9.6 |  3.5 |  2.5 | 57.3 | 47.1 |  1.6 |  14.1
Australia |   7.8 |  2.8 |  7.4 | 57.5 | 27.9 |  3.2 |   8.0
Norway |   6.3 |  2.3 | 17.5 | 59.9 | 40.3 |  6.5 |   6.3
Spain |   6.2 |  2.3 | 19.8 | 59.0 | 53.1 |  6.3 |   4.8
Switzerland |   4.6 |  1.7 | 22.8 | 63.6 | 50.4 |  5.8 |   3.6
Denmark |   3.4 |  1.3 | 41.8 | 69.5 | 32.2 |  7.3 |   3.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Finland living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 62.6 | 58.2 |  60.0 | 68.4 | 66.0 |  66.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  3.4 |  2.5 |   2.9 |  8.3 |  8.0 |   8.1
Participation rate (%) | 64.8 | 59.7 |  61.7 | 74.6 | 71.7 |  72.8
Total employed (thousands) | 57.3 | 79.6 | 136.9 | 47.7 | 73.4 | 121.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 81.1 | 74.8 |  76.7 | 82.8 | 75.3 |  77.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  2.2 |  2.1 |   2.1 |  3.5 |  6.3 |   5.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  19.3 |   .. |   .. |  20.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 14.0 | 29.0 |  43.0 | 16.3 | 35.0 |  51.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  40.7 | 44.7 | 47.4 |  48.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   3.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   3.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  51.7 | 50.4 | 46.1 |  46.1
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   7.6 |  4.8 |  6.5 |   5.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Sweden | 30.3 |  +8.0 | Sweden | 57.2 |   -4.3
United States | 10.8 |  +4.7 | Australia |  2.1 |  -36.1
Germany |  8.3 |    .. | Canada |  1.8 |  -62.7
United Kingdom |  8.0 | +54.1 | United States |  1.5 |  -49.8
Canada |  4.5 |  +2.6 | Norway |  1.5 | +104.9
Total | 81.1 | +32.5 | Total | 70.5 |  -10.1

International students from Finland in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 1 666 | 1 737 | 1 899
Sweden | 1 124 | 1 386 | 1 394
Germany |   596 |   689 |   760
Estonia |   586 |   590 |   709
United States |   673 |   657 |   620
Total | 6 215 | 7 032 | 7 692

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): SWE (2 329, 2%), DEU (2 190, 0%), GBR (2 000, 0%), ESP (986, 0%), NLD (665, 0%), NOR (474, 0%), JPN (427, 0%), CHE (377, 0%), USA (348, 0%), BEL (335, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 10 | 18 | 12 | 12 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  8
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 37
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (13%), United States (9%), Sweden (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270051

France

Total population 2013 (millions) | 65.9 |  |  | France compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 20/187 | 17/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 42 560 |  |  | GDP per capita | 21/209 | 16/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 127/203 | 29/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 109/144 | 25/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 64%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in France living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 695.7 | 781.1 | 1 476.7 | 653.6 | 753.2 | 1 406.8 | .. | .. | .. | 1 160.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. | 133.8 | 120.6 |   254.5 | .. | .. | .. |   156.2
15-24 (%) |  10.0 |   9.2 |     9.6 |  10.0 |   9.2 |     9.5 | .. | .. | .. |    11.3
25-64 (%) |  77.3 |  71.6 |    74.3 |  77.2 |  71.5 |    74.1 | .. | .. | .. |    71.2
65+ (%) |  12.7 |  19.1 |    16.1 |  12.9 |  19.3 |    16.3 | .. | .. | .. |    17.4
Low educated (%) |  22.9 |  24.8 |    23.9 |  23.5 |  25.1 |    24.3 | .. | .. | .. |    33.2
Highly educated (%) |  47.1 |  43.4 |    45.1 |  46.3 |  43.1 |    44.6 | .. | .. | .. |    34.2
Total emigration rates (%) |   2.6 |   2.8 |     2.7 |   2.5 |   2.7 |     2.6 | .. | .. | .. |     2.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   6.1 |   5.6 |     5.8 |   5.7 |   5.3 |     5.5 | .. | .. | .. |     4.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 193.1 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 54.7 | 56.3 |  8.2 | 188.6
Spain | 191.1 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 50.8 | 38.8 |  5.2 | 150.3
Belgium | 160.4 | 10.9 | 26.6 | 56.1 | 17.6 | 11.9 | 141.9
United Kingdom | 124.0 |  8.4 | 39.8 | 55.8 | 65.4 | 17.7 |  85.3
Italy | 121.6 |  8.2 |  5.3 | 61.8 | 15.0 |  3.5 | 125.5
Switzerland | 110.5 |  7.5 | 31.3 | 53.6 | 47.4 |  7.3 |  93.9
Germany | 109.3 |  7.4 | 21.9 | 49.7 | 50.5 |  7.5 |  55.2
Canada | 105.1 |  7.1 | 19.6 | 47.4 | 67.8 | 10.7 |  75.6
Portugal |  88.9 |  6.0 |  3.3 | 54.5 | 29.0 | 13.3 |  82.0
Israel |  36.7 |  2.5 | 18.7 | 53.0 | 50.0 | 15.8 |  21.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in France living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  75.9 |  57.7 |  66.1 |  74.2 |  61.9 |  67.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.3 |   9.0 |   7.6 |   9.2 |  11.7 |  10.4
Participation rate (%) |  80.9 |  63.4 |  71.4 |  81.7 |  70.1 |  75.7
Total employed (thousands) | 323.1 | 290.9 | 614.1 | 418.5 | 373.6 | 792.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.6 |  71.9 |  77.7 |  84.3 |  74.1 |  79.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.7 |   5.3 |   4.5 |   6.2 |   7.3 |   6.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  23.1 |    .. |    .. |  22.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 132.8 | 135.2 | 268.1 | 223.0 | 209.6 | 432.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  48.1 |  55.0 |  53.9 |  56.0
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   3.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  46.0 |  39.7 |  39.8 |  38.5
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   5.9 |   5.3 |   6.3 |   5.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 108.8 |  +18.1 | Spain |  72.0 |  -8.0
United Kingdom |  81.1 |  +79.6 | Italy |  60.8 | -18.0
Spain |  74.3 |  +88.0 | Belgium |  53.4 | -17.3
Canada |  71.2 |  +73.7 | Portugal |  35.8 | -19.9
Germany |  55.2 | +101.1 | United Kingdom |  14.9 | +49.6
Total | 596.6 |  +58.1 | Total | 325.7 | -11.1

International students from France in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 12 685 | 13 602 | 12 753
Canada |  4 880 |  5 859 |  8 325
United States |  7 058 |  7 648 |  7 973
Switzerland |  4 895 |  6 006 |  7 414
Belgium |  2 091 |  5 525 |  6 722
Total | 43 061 | 53 539 | 59 550

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (14 458, 1%), GBR (14 000, 4%), BEL (13 333, 12%), CHE (11 382, 8%), CAN (8 140, 3%), ESP (8 057, 2%), JPN (3 955, 1%), USA (3 862, 0%), LUX (3 523, 18%), NLD (2 980, 2%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 37 | 21 | 22 | 19
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  8
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 48
Three main desired countries of destination: Canada (16%), United States (12%), Spain (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270062

Germany

Total population 2013 (millions) | 80.7 |  |  | Germany compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 6/187 | 6/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 46 251 |  |  | GDP per capita | 19/209 | 15/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 97/203 | 18/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 78/144 | 14/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 13%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 21% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Germany living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 690.7 | 2 026.7 | 3 717.4 | 1 530.8 | 1 885.6 | 3 416.4 | .. | .. | .. | 3 154.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   203.7 |   201.3 |   405.0 | .. | .. | .. |   266.9
15-24 (%) |    12.3 |    10.8 |    11.5 |    12.0 |    10.4 |    11.1 | .. | .. | .. |    13.3
25-64 (%) |    71.6 |    66.0 |    68.6 |    71.3 |    65.5 |    68.1 | .. | .. | .. |    67.6
65+ (%) |    16.1 |    23.2 |    20.0 |    16.7 |    24.1 |    20.8 | .. | .. | .. |    19.1
Low educated (%) |    17.8 |    20.4 |    19.3 |    18.6 |    21.1 |    20.0 | .. | .. | .. |    27.4
Highly educated (%) |    39.5 |    35.3 |    37.2 |    38.7 |    34.6 |    36.4 | .. | .. | .. |    28.3
Total emigration rates (%) |     4.7 |     5.3 |     5.0 |     4.2 |     5.0 |     4.6 | .. | .. | .. |     4.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     8.1 |    11.4 |     9.6 |     7.3 |    10.5 |     8.7 | .. | .. | .. |     6.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 125.3 | 30.3 |  7.2 | 57.4 | 38.2 | 13.4 | 1 067.7
United Kingdom |   275.1 |  7.4 | 17.2 | 57.9 | 43.0 | 16.7 |   231.3
Switzerland |   274.1 |  7.4 | 37.1 | 50.5 | 51.9 |  5.3 |   175.9
France |   207.4 |  5.6 | 12.4 | 57.9 | 37.5 |  8.6 |   198.3
Italy |   191.9 |  5.2 |  6.8 | 57.5 | 14.0 | 12.3 |   167.9
Spain |   185.7 |  5.0 | 15.1 | 50.5 | 39.4 |  6.1 |   125.8
Canada |   165.1 |  4.4 |  4.9 | 52.0 | 45.9 |  6.3 |   182.6
Austria |   152.9 |  4.1 | 22.7 | 54.1 | 28.2 | 12.4 |   130.2
Turkey |   136.2 |  3.7 |  7.7 | 52.8 | 28.0 | 13.8 |   228.8
Russian Federation |   134.7 |  3.6 | 11.3 | 50.5 | 54.2 | 18.2 |      ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Germany living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  71.4 |  53.5 |    61.6 |  74.6 |  62.1 |    68.0
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.7 |   8.4 |     8.0 |   8.4 |   9.3 |     8.8
Participation rate (%) |  77.4 |  58.4 |    67.0 |  81.5 |  68.4 |    74.6
Total employed (thousands) | 831.7 | 758.6 | 1 590.2 | 939.9 | 882.0 | 1 821.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.0 |  70.1 |    76.8 |  85.9 |  75.1 |    80.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.9 |   5.1 |     4.5 |   4.6 |   6.2 |     5.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |    26.2 |    .. |    .. |    25.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 312.3 | 279.4 |   591.6 | 425.2 | 417.0 |   842.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    44.1 |  44.3 |  44.4 |    49.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |    .. |     5.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |    .. |     8.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    51.9 |  51.2 |  50.8 |    46.4
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |     4.1 |   4.5 |   4.8 |     4.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |   430.2 |  +20.5 | United States | 130.5 | -24.0
Switzerland |   142.3 | +131.9 | Italy |  82.2 |  -6.7
United Kingdom |   118.1 |  +95.6 | United Kingdom |  63.6 |  -4.9
France |    77.8 |  +33.4 | Spain |  60.0 |  +2.9
Canada |    75.7 |  +19.2 | France |  52.6 | -23.0
Total | 1 219.5 |  +40.9 | Total | 670.0 | -20.1

International students from Germany in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Austria | 17 464 |  25 186 |  31 076
Netherlands | 12 313 |  17 052 |  24 815
United Kingdom | 13 625 |  15 162 |  15 810
Switzerland |  8 341 |  10 808 |  12 073
United States |  8 917 |   9 463 |   9 053
Total | 80 868 | 102 140 | 120 224

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CHE (27 123, 19%), AUT (17 774, 14%), ESP (8 807, 2%), NLD (8 730, 7%), GBR (8 000, 2%), USA (5 812, 0%), JPN (4 141, 1%), BEL (2 892, 2%), POL (2 281, 4%), SWE (2 150, 2%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 26 | 16 | 20 | 18
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 49
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (11%), United States (9%), Canada (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270012

Greece

Total population 2013 (millions) | 11.0 |  |  | Greece compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 29/187 | 26/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 21 966 |  |  | GDP per capita | 39/209 | 25/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -3.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 80/203 | 11/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 103/144 | 24/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 20% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Greece living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 376.0 | 335.6 | 711.6 | 358.5 | 323.3 | 681.8 | .. | .. | .. | 690.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  24.6 |  21.1 |  45.6 | .. | .. | .. |  27.8
15-24 (%) |   5.1 |   4.8 |   5.0 |   4.9 |   4.5 |   4.7 | .. | .. | .. |   4.7
25-64 (%) |  61.8 |  60.6 |  61.2 |  61.6 |  60.8 |  61.2 | .. | .. | .. |  70.2
65+ (%) |  33.1 |  34.6 |  33.8 |  33.5 |  34.6 |  34.0 | .. | .. | .. |  25.1
Low educated (%) |  43.6 |  53.6 |  48.3 |  44.3 |  54.2 |  49.0 | .. | .. | .. |  57.3
Highly educated (%) |  24.3 |  19.5 |  22.0 |  23.6 |  19.1 |  21.5 | .. | .. | .. |  15.7
Total emigration rates (%) |   7.4 |   6.5 |   6.9 |   7.1 |   6.3 |   6.7 | .. | .. | .. |   6.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   7.2 |   5.2 |   6.2 |   6.7 |   4.9 |   5.8 | .. | .. | .. |   7.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 222.2 | 31.2 |  5.6 | 46.1 | 12.3 |  5.2 | 160.5
United States | 150.5 | 21.1 |  2.4 | 46.5 | 28.7 |  2.4 | 173.9
Australia |  99.2 | 13.9 |  0.8 | 51.2 |  7.4 |  1.0 | 115.3
Canada |  66.4 |  9.3 |  0.8 | 48.7 | 19.2 |  1.4 |  75.7
United Kingdom |  35.2 |  4.9 | 44.6 | 45.9 | 69.1 | 20.1 |  33.6
Turkey |  28.7 |  4.0 |  1.9 | 51.2 |  9.7 |  2.4 |  58.4
Belgium |  13.8 |  1.9 | 16.2 | 50.2 | 14.2 |  5.2 |  14.5
Italy |  13.2 |  1.9 |  9.3 | 54.8 | 30.9 |  4.5 |  14.4
France |  11.7 |  1.6 | 18.3 | 52.8 | 47.4 | 12.7 |  11.4
Sweden |  10.5 |  1.5 | 22.0 | 39.8 | 23.1 |  3.2 |  10.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Greece living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  67.7 |  47.4 |  58.4 |  70.8 |  54.8 |  63.3
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.4 |   4.5 |   6.3 |   8.4 |   8.5 |   8.5
Participation rate (%) |  73.2 |  49.6 |  62.3 |  77.3 |  59.9 |  69.1
Total employed (thousands) | 192.6 | 114.5 | 307.1 | 167.8 | 115.5 | 283.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  77.8 |  61.4 |  71.6 |  80.8 |  70.2 |  76.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.0 |   5.6 |   4.6 |   5.3 |   7.4 |   6.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  26.3 |    .. |    .. |  21.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  45.3 |  22.1 |  67.4 |  54.6 |  37.1 |  91.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  32.9 |  40.7 |  35.2 |  40.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   8.3
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  53.8 |  49.6 |  46.4 |  47.2
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  13.3 |   9.7 |  18.5 |  12.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  43.2 |   +2.5 | Germany | 127.0 | +15.5
Germany |  27.4 | +255.6 | Australia |  61.1 | -24.6
United Kingdom |  24.3 |  +36.0 | United States |  48.0 | -27.8
Canada |  12.7 |  +26.2 | Canada |  34.3 | -27.0
Australia |   7.4 |  +16.9 | Turkey |  22.4 | -47.1
Total | 142.3 |  +36.2 | Total | 324.7 | -14.9

International students from Greece in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 12 626 | 11 733 | 11 759
Italy |  4 537 |  3 476 |  3 318
France |  1 926 |  1 902 |  1 999
Germany |  2 070 |  2 101 |  1 985
United States |  1 983 |  1 821 |  1 862
Total | 26 004 | 25 372 | 28 183

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (32 660, 3%), GBR (6 000, 1%), NLD (3 319, 2%), CHE (1 613, 1%), BEL (1 511, 1%), SWE (1 348, 1%), AUT (1 201, 0%), USA (1 054, 0%), ITA (561, 0%), ESP (538, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 34 | 26 | 24 | 22
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 15
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 30
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (18%), United States (9%), Australia (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270083

Hungary

Total population 2013 (millions) | 9.9 |  |  | Hungary compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 43/187 | 32/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 13 485 |  |  | GDP per capita | 59/209 | 32/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 94/203 | 16/34
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.17 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 59/144 | 10/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 17% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Hungary living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 229.8 | 247.9 | 477.7 | 216.4 | 232.8 | 449.2 | .. | .. | .. | 349.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  43.9 |  43.9 |  87.8 | .. | .. | .. |  17.3
15-24 (%) |   6.2 |   6.0 |   6.1 |   5.4 |   5.4 |   5.4 | .. | .. | .. |   4.4
25-64 (%) |  59.9 |  62.0 |  61.0 |  59.7 |  62.0 |  60.9 | .. | .. | .. |  61.1
65+ (%) |  33.9 |  32.0 |  32.9 |  34.9 |  32.6 |  33.7 | .. | .. | .. |  34.5
Low educated (%) |  18.4 |  22.7 |  20.6 |  18.9 |  23.1 |  21.1 | .. | .. | .. |  26.7
Highly educated (%) |  35.5 |  37.8 |  36.7 |  34.8 |  37.3 |  36.1 | .. | .. | .. |  28.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   5.4 |   5.2 |   5.3 |   5.1 |   4.9 |   5.0 | .. | .. | .. |   4.0
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  13.2 |  11.7 |  12.4 |  12.3 |  10.9 |  11.5 | .. | .. | .. |   9.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 119.8 | 25.1 | 16.1 | 47.3 | 29.7 |  4.0 | 44.3
United States |  80.6 | 16.9 |  4.2 | 51.2 | 40.2 |  3.8 | 92.0
United Kingdom |  48.6 | 10.2 | 70.0 | 50.1 | 54.6 | 13.0 | 12.7
Canada |  39.3 |  8.2 |  6.8 | 50.6 | 41.8 |  4.3 | 49.6
Austria |  27.6 |  5.8 | 20.8 | 56.4 | 25.3 |  6.0 | 29.8
Australia |  18.8 |  3.9 |  5.2 | 49.9 | 27.5 |  1.6 | 22.4
Russian Federation |  16.2 |  3.4 | 12.1 | 50.0 | 59.2 | 17.7 |   ..
Slovak Republic |  15.3 |  3.2 |  2.8 | 59.5 |  9.2 |  0.8 |   ..
Sweden |  14.2 |  3.0 | 21.8 | 50.3 | 28.4 |  4.5 | 12.1
Israel |  12.2 |  2.5 |  1.8 | 52.9 | 44.7 |  0.8 | 17.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Hungary living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 68.1 | 51.9 |  59.6 |  76.1 |  65.2 |  70.3
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.9 |  6.9 |   6.4 |   7.2 |   8.3 |   7.7
Participation rate (%) | 72.4 | 55.7 |  63.6 |  82.0 |  71.1 |  76.3
Total employed (thousands) | 70.7 | 59.6 | 130.2 | 106.8 | 101.9 | 208.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 78.8 | 67.0 |  72.8 |  85.3 |  74.2 |  78.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.6 |  6.4 |   5.5 |   5.7 |   6.2 |   6.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  27.1 |    .. |    .. |  34.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 23.8 | 21.2 |  44.9 |  42.8 |  52.1 |  94.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  43.5 |  37.0 |  44.4 |  40.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  10.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  50.3 |  50.8 |  41.7 |  46.8
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   6.2 |  12.3 |  13.8 |  12.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany |  35.5 | +165.2 | Germany | 25.7 | +945.5
United States |  32.4 |   +2.0 | United States | 12.5 |  -40.4
United Kingdom |  26.5 | +625.7 | Slovak Republic | 10.1 |   +9.0
Canada |  16.4 |   +5.3 | United Kingdom |  8.7 | +128.1
Austria |   7.0 |  +41.8 | Canada |  7.2 |  -52.0
Total | 158.0 |  +63.3 | Total | 92.2 |   +1.8

International students from Hungary in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Austria | 1 391 | 1 744 | 1 872
Germany | 1 787 | 1 761 | 1 537
United Kingdom | 1 026 | 1 158 | 1 149
United States |   711 |   658 |   634
France |   584 |   613 |   606
Total | 6 679 | 7 686 | 8 060

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (54 491, 5%), AUT (13 066, 10%), GBR (5 000, 1%), NLD (3 084, 2%), CHE (2 492, 1%), BEL (1 178, 1%), ESP (1 087, 0%), USA (1 054, 0%), SWE (857, 1%), ITA (853, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 21 | 46 | 17 | 26 | 22
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 11
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 39
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (20%), United Kingdom (13%), Austria (10%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270098

Iceland

Total population 2013 (millions) | 0.3 |  |  | Iceland compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 13/187 | 12/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 47 349 |  |  | GDP per capita | 17/209 | 13/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 62/203 | 6/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 50/144 | 6/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 21%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 13% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Iceland living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 17.1 | 16.4 | 33.6 | 15.2 | 16.2 | 31.4 | .. | .. | .. | 22.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.2 |  5.9 | 12.0 | .. | .. | .. |  5.5
15-24 (%) | 16.4 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 16.9 | 17.7 | .. | .. | .. | 17.2
25-64 (%) | 75.0 | 74.3 | 74.7 | 74.2 | 74.4 | 74.3 | .. | .. | .. | 74.7
65+ (%) |  8.6 |  9.0 |  8.8 |  7.3 |  8.7 |  8.0 | .. | .. | .. |  8.0
Low educated (%) | 19.2 | 16.7 | 18.0 | 19.2 | 16.9 | 18.0 | .. | .. | .. | 17.5
Highly educated (%) | 45.4 | 44.3 | 44.9 | 42.2 | 44.5 | 43.4 | .. | .. | .. | 38.1
Total emigration rates (%) | 11.9 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 11.1 | .. | .. | .. |  9.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 16.5 | 14.5 | 15.5 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 14.2 | .. | .. | .. | 16.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 9.1 | 27.0 |  7.5 | 54.6 |  41.8 | 20.2 | 7.7
Denmark | 7.1 | 21.2 | 40.3 | 52.9 |  28.3 | 18.7 | 4.8
Norway | 5.0 | 14.9 | 35.3 | 47.3 |  31.2 | 15.7 | 3.2
Sweden | 3.6 | 10.6 | 34.0 | 49.2 |  41.5 | 11.4 | 3.4
United Kingdom | 1.8 |  5.3 | 46.4 | 55.2 |  64.1 | 16.1 | 1.3
Germany | 1.7 |  5.1 | 53.5 | 49.4 |  29.7 | 32.5 |  ..
Thailand |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |  ..
Malaysia |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |  ..
Australia | 0.6 |  1.7 | 22.2 | 48.1 |  37.9 |  8.1 | 0.3
Spain | 0.4 |  1.1 | 43.8 | 32.9 |  83.6 |  5.5 | 0.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Iceland living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 70.5 | 62.1 | 66.1 | 69.2 | 62.6 | 65.8
Unemployment rate (%) |  4.3 |  4.8 |  4.6 |  6.2 |  7.0 |  6.6
Participation rate (%) | 73.7 | 65.2 | 69.3 | 73.8 | 67.3 | 70.4
Total employed (thousands) |  7.0 |  6.8 | 13.8 |  9.8 |  9.3 | 19.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 82.8 | 72.5 | 77.5 | 84.5 | 70.0 | 76.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.0 |  4.5 |  3.7 |  4.3 |  5.2 |  4.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 24.2 |   .. |   .. | 19.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.9 |  2.7 |  5.6 |  4.4 |  4.4 |  8.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.4 | 49.7 | 50.9 | 50.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 10.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.0 | 46.1 | 45.3 | 46.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.6 |  4.2 |  3.9 |  3.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  3.8 |  +19.4 | Norway | 1.2 | +237.8
Denmark |  2.0 |  +78.6 | Denmark | 1.2 |  +38.1
Norway |  1.6 | +112.6 | United States | 1.2 |  +22.6
Sweden |  1.5 |  +26.5 | Germany | 0.5 |     ..
United Kingdom |  1.2 |  +84.3 | Sweden | 0.4 |  -35.3
Total | 12.0 |  +57.2 | Total | 5.0 |  +42.4

International students from Iceland in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Denmark |   844 | 1 167 |   930
United States |   402 |   403 |   379
Norway |   267 |   300 |   365
Sweden |   138 |   194 |   246
United Kingdom |   340 |   288 |   194
Total | 2 380 | 2 775 | 2 732

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): NOR (1 450, 2%), SWE (715, 0%), DEU (221, 0%), ESP (114, 0%), USA (103, 0%), NLD (93, 0%), CHE (77, 0%), JPN (68, 0%), CAN (40, 0%), AUT (34, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 22 | 43 | 18 | 19 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 13
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 63
Three main desired countries of destination: Norway (16%), Denmark (12%), United States (12%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270115

Ireland

Total population 2013 (millions) | 4.6 |  |  | Ireland compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 11/187 | 10/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 50 478 |  |  | GDP per capita | 15/209 | 11/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 40/203 | 1/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 29/144 | 2/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 22%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 12% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Ireland living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 353.2 | 400.4 | 753.7 | 348.4 | 397.7 | 746.1 | .. | .. | .. | 788.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  46.2 |  37.7 |  83.9 | .. | .. | .. |  51.5
15-24 (%) |   4.5 |   4.1 |   4.3 |   4.5 |   4.1 |   4.3 | .. | .. | .. |   5.4
25-64 (%) |  62.8 |  54.4 |  58.3 |  62.5 |  54.3 |  58.1 | .. | .. | .. |  62.7
65+ (%) |  32.7 |  41.5 |  37.4 |  32.9 |  41.6 |  37.5 | .. | .. | .. |  31.9
Low educated (%) |  30.9 |  34.6 |  32.9 |  31.2 |  34.8 |  33.1 | .. | .. | .. |  44.2
Highly educated (%) |  36.0 |  37.6 |  36.9 |  35.9 |  37.6 |  36.8 | .. | .. | .. |  26.3
Total emigration rates (%) |  16.6 |  18.1 |  17.4 |  16.4 |  18.0 |  17.2 | .. | .. | .. |  20.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  20.7 |  20.0 |  20.3 |  20.5 |  19.9 |  20.2 | .. | .. | .. |  19.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 456.7 | 60.6 | 10.3 | 55.6 | 33.4 |  4.3 | 525.2
United States | 134.8 | 17.9 |  5.8 | 52.4 | 36.3 |  2.7 | 161.0
Australia |  64.1 |  8.5 | 26.2 | 46.0 | 39.6 |  6.8 |  49.0
Canada |  29.8 |  4.0 |  4.6 | 50.8 | 51.7 |  2.7 |  26.0
Spain |  12.3 |  1.6 | 25.1 | 43.9 | 48.2 |  3.3 |   3.3
Germany |  10.3 |  1.4 | 25.8 | 40.4 | 44.8 |  2.6 |    ..
New Zealand |   8.4 |  1.1 | 36.5 | 47.2 | 43.4 |  6.3 |   6.5
France |   8.2 |  1.1 | 32.6 | 57.6 | 58.3 | 12.2 |   5.0
South Africa |   3.1 |  0.4 |   .. | 47.7 | 27.3 |  2.0 |   5.1
Netherlands |   3.0 |  0.4 | 11.0 | 65.4 | 49.6 |  1.2 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Ireland living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  73.6 |  60.1 |  66.4 |  77.8 |  67.0 |  72.4
Unemployment rate (%) |   5.9 |   4.3 |   5.1 |   6.1 |   5.5 |   5.8
Participation rate (%) |  78.2 |  62.8 |  70.0 |  82.9 |  70.9 |  76.9
Total employed (thousands) | 179.5 | 165.0 | 344.5 | 180.8 | 155.2 | 336.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  86.1 |  76.0 |  80.5 |  87.2 |  78.3 |  82.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   2.7 |   2.7 |   2.7 |   3.7 |   3.8 |   3.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  20.4 |    .. |    .. |  22.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  58.6 |  64.5 | 123.0 |  88.6 |  87.2 | 175.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  43.8 |  51.4 |  52.9 |  52.7
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   4.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   4.4
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  46.4 |  41.3 |  40.3 |  40.4
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   9.8 |   7.3 |   6.8 |   6.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 152.3 |  +60.0 | United Kingdom | 202.2 |  -14.5
United States |  48.9 |   +1.4 | United States |  19.0 |  -44.8
Australia |  25.4 | +102.7 | Australia |   8.8 |  -40.9
Canada |  15.4 |  +53.0 | Spain |   3.5 | +178.2
Spain |   5.9 | +459.9 | Canada |   3.3 |  -50.6
Total | 271.2 |  +53.2 | Total | 244.1 |  -18.0

International students from Ireland in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 15 261 | 16 469 | 14 996
United States |  1 019 |  1 201 |  1 071
France |    392 |    407 |    493
Germany |    285 |    296 |    365
Australia |    193 |    244 |    240
Total | 17 890 | 19 563 | 18 333

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): AUS (5 034, 2%), GBR (4 000, 1%), DEU (1 868, 0%), USA (1 514, 0%), ESP (1 473, 0%), CAN (895, 0%), NLD (647, 0%), NZL (485, 1%), CHE (475, 0%), BEL (426, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 20 | 37 | 22 | 21 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 11
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 42
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (22%), United States (19%), United Kingdom (13%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270107

Israel

Total population 2013 (millions) | 8.1 |  |  | Israel compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 19/187 | 16/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 36 051 |  |  | GDP per capita | 27/209 | 20/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 107/203 | 24/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 97/144 | 21/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 28%; “15-64”: 62%; “65+”: 11% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Israel living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 140.9 | 106.1 | 247.0 | 133.3 | 102.1 | 235.4 | .. | .. | .. | 163.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  17.6 |  10.9 |  28.6 | .. | .. | .. |  24.5
15-24 (%) |  10.7 |  10.8 |  10.8 |  10.3 |  10.3 |  10.3 | .. | .. | .. |  14.8
25-64 (%) |  79.5 |  77.3 |  78.5 |  80.0 |  77.8 |  79.1 | .. | .. | .. |  79.1
65+ (%) |   9.8 |  11.9 |  10.7 |   9.7 |  11.9 |  10.6 | .. | .. | .. |   6.1
Low educated (%) |  12.8 |  12.7 |  12.8 |  12.6 |  12.6 |  12.6 | .. | .. | .. |  18.7
Highly educated (%) |  47.4 |  51.5 |  49.1 |  47.4 |  51.9 |  49.4 | .. | .. | .. |  43.6
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.9 |   3.6 |   4.3 |   4.6 |   3.5 |   4.1 | .. | .. | .. |   3.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   8.3 |   5.6 |   6.8 |   7.9 |   5.4 |   6.5 | .. | .. | .. |   4.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 140.0 | 56.7 |  9.5 | 43.9 | 48.5 |  8.9 | 107.7
Canada |  19.1 |  7.7 | 12.3 | 47.4 | 58.5 | 16.5 |  14.7
Germany |  18.2 |  7.4 | 19.0 | 35.1 | 41.4 | 10.3 |    ..
United Kingdom |  14.9 |  6.0 | 26.7 | 46.5 | 56.5 | 13.0 |  10.3
Australia |   8.1 |  3.3 | 14.7 | 44.3 | 48.3 |  8.5 |   5.8
France |   7.4 |  3.0 |  8.8 | 48.9 | 44.0 | 11.7 |   6.6
Switzerland |   4.1 |  1.7 | 37.0 | 41.8 | 46.4 | 17.7 |   1.8
Netherlands |   3.8 |  1.5 |  3.9 | 51.4 | 55.4 |  7.9 |    ..
Belgium |   2.9 |  1.2 | 25.1 | 39.5 | 19.8 | 15.6 |   2.3
Italy |   2.8 |  1.1 | 18.0 | 42.6 | 41.5 |  9.4 |   2.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Israel living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 74.3 | 50.8 | 63.9 | 74.6 | 57.0 |  67.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.6 |  7.2 |  6.2 |  6.9 |  9.9 |   8.0
Participation rate (%) | 78.7 | 54.8 | 68.2 | 80.2 | 63.3 |  72.9
Total employed (thousands) | 63.8 | 34.4 | 98.2 | 89.2 | 50.9 | 140.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 84.2 | 65.8 | 76.2 | 85.1 | 68.4 |  77.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.5 |  4.6 |  3.9 |  5.0 |  8.6 |   6.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 23.9 |   .. |   .. |  21.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 31.9 | 19.1 | 51.0 | 47.9 | 32.5 |  80.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 54.9 | 57.9 | 61.6 |  60.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   7.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  14.7
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 43.8 | 40.6 | 37.3 |  38.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  1.3 |  1.5 |  1.1 |   1.7

Main destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  67.9 |  +39.8 | United States | 14.9 | -15.8
Canada |  11.2 |  +57.7 | United Kingdom |  3.3 | +37.5
United Kingdom |   8.4 |  +97.6 | Canada |  2.3 |  -9.3
Germany |   7.5 |     .. | Germany |  2.1 |    ..
Australia |   3.9 | +103.9 | France |  1.8 | -12.9
Total | 114.7 |  +64.7 | Total | 29.3 |  -1.9

International students from Israel in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 3 007 | 2 753 | 2 412
Italy | 1 209 | 1 525 | 1 619
Germany | 1 270 | 1 471 | 1 505
Hungary |   791 |   808 |   743
United Kingdom |   616 |   562 |   508
Total | 8 536 | 8 671 | 8 257

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (4 153, 0%), CAN (2 185, 0%), DEU (1 847, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), AUS (345, 0%), HUN (306, 1%), ESP (271, 0%), NLD (235, 0%), CHE (213, 0%), JPN (208, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 16 | 20 | 17 | 15 | 17
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  3
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (44%), Canada (12%), France (5%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270123

Italy

Total population 2013 (millions) | 60.2 |  |  | Italy compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 26/187 | 23/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 35 686 |  |  | GDP per capita | 28/209 | 21/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -1.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 103/203 | 21/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 84/144 | 16/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 14%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 21% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Italy living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 336.0 | 1 156.4 | 2 492.5 | 1 220.3 | 1 044.1 | 2 264.4 | .. | .. | .. | 2 366.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   102.9 |    71.6 |   174.5 | .. | .. | .. |    89.8
15-24 (%) |     3.2 |     3.5 |     3.4 |     3.3 |     3.5 |     3.4 | .. | .. | .. |     2.1
25-64 (%) |    59.9 |    51.9 |    56.2 |    61.6 |    54.2 |    58.2 | .. | .. | .. |    64.5
65+ (%) |    36.9 |    44.6 |    40.5 |    35.2 |    42.3 |    38.5 | .. | .. | .. |    33.4
Low educated (%) |    46.5 |    57.5 |    51.6 |    45.5 |    55.6 |    50.1 | .. | .. | .. |    60.2
Highly educated (%) |    20.5 |    17.2 |    19.0 |    20.6 |    18.1 |    19.4 | .. | .. | .. |    12.1
Total emigration rates (%) |     5.1 |     4.2 |     4.7 |     4.7 |     3.8 |     4.3 | .. | .. | .. |     4.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    10.8 |     7.2 |     8.9 |    10.0 |     6.9 |     8.4 | .. | .. | .. |     6.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 438.9 | 17.6 |  3.9 | 50.0 | 23.4 | 3.7 | 518.2
Germany | 418.6 | 16.8 |  5.8 | 37.2 | 10.6 | 4.2 | 334.5
France | 343.9 | 13.8 |  5.3 | 51.9 | 12.6 | 2.0 | 403.5
Canada | 259.2 | 10.4 |  0.6 | 49.4 | 18.2 | 0.7 | 317.5
Switzerland | 187.5 |  7.5 | 10.4 | 44.7 | 16.8 | 1.8 | 230.8
Australia | 184.4 |  7.4 |  1.9 | 48.9 |  9.2 | 0.8 | 217.7
Argentina | 141.3 |  5.7 |   .. | 55.9 |  3.5 | 1.1 | 215.3
United Kingdom | 134.1 |  5.4 | 29.2 | 47.2 | 46.8 | 8.6 | 103.5
Belgium | 117.1 |  4.7 |  8.0 | 48.6 |  6.8 | 2.8 | 129.9
Spain |  75.2 |  3.0 | 36.5 | 34.9 | 45.6 | 6.6 |  23.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Italy living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  72.5 |  51.2 |  63.1 |  73.3 |  58.5 |  66.9
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.0 |   8.0 |   8.0 |   8.9 |   8.9 |   8.9
Participation rate (%) |  78.8 |  55.7 |  68.6 |  80.4 |  64.2 |  73.4
Total employed (thousands) | 642.5 | 356.9 | 999.4 | 576.9 | 350.7 | 927.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  86.9 |  74.2 |  81.6 |  82.8 |  74.1 |  79.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.1 |   4.2 |   3.5 |   5.9 |   7.1 |   6.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  26.7 |    .. |    .. |  27.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 120.6 |  74.7 | 195.3 | 171.9 | 119.1 | 290.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  27.9 |  36.5 |  36.1 |  37.2
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   3.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.3
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  62.5 |  55.4 |  50.3 |  52.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   9.6 |   8.1 |  13.5 |  10.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 102.8 |   +8.9 | Germany |   250.2 | +19.2
United Kingdom |  62.8 | +166.5 | France |   213.3 | -26.6
Canada |  47.3 |  +26.6 | United States |   152.8 | -32.9
Germany |  44.2 |  +81.4 | Canada |   133.1 | -34.6
France |  43.4 |  +58.6 | Australia |   103.9 | -29.1
Total | 429.2 |  +56.9 | Total | 1 107.7 | -18.5

International students from Italy in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  5 607 |  6 484 |  7 930
Austria |  6 733 |  7 594 |  7 914
France |  5 009 |  5 851 |  6 723
United States |  3 539 |  4 036 |  4 149
Spain |  1 000 |  3 116 |  4 128
Total | 29 581 | 37 531 | 44 876

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (36 896, 3%), CHE (13 624, 9%), ESP (13 217, 3%), GBR (10 000, 2%), BEL (5 237, 4%), NLD (3 619, 3%), AUT (3 095, 2%), USA (2 673, 0%), JPN (1 803, 0%), LUX (1 137, 5%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 44 | 34 | 27 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Three main desired countries of destination: United Kingdom (12%), Germany (10%), France (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270130

Japan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 127.3 |  |  | Japan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 17/187 | 15/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 38 634 |  |  | GDP per capita | 24/209 | 19/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 178/203 | 33/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 143/144 | 33/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 13%; “15-64”: 62%; “65+”: 25% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Japan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 327.1 | 480.2 | 807.3 | 239.9 | 414.2 | 654.2 | .. | .. | .. | 566.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  45.8 |  70.8 | 116.6 | .. | .. | .. | 162.3
15-24 (%) |  11.6 |   8.7 |   9.9 |  13.8 |   9.5 |  11.1 | .. | .. | .. |  13.6
25-64 (%) |  78.0 |  74.8 |  76.1 |  79.4 |  75.4 |  76.9 | .. | .. | .. |  76.2
65+ (%) |  10.4 |  16.5 |  14.0 |   6.8 |  15.1 |  12.1 | .. | .. | .. |  10.2
Low educated (%) |  10.4 |  11.0 |  10.8 |   7.5 |   8.7 |   8.3 | .. | .. | .. |  10.6
Highly educated (%) |  57.2 |  53.9 |  55.2 |  57.7 |  54.9 |  55.9 | .. | .. | .. |  49.8
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.6 |   0.8 |   0.7 |   0.4 |   0.7 |   0.6 | .. | .. | .. |   0.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   0.8 |   1.2 |   1.0 |   0.6 |   1.1 |   0.9 | .. | .. | .. |   0.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 464.3 | 57.5 | 18.3 | 61.2 | 52.5 | 11.6 | 437.3
Thailand |  71.4 |  8.8 |   .. | 39.6 | 27.5 |  3.2 |  22.2
Brazil |  41.2 |  5.1 |   .. | 49.8 | 13.8 |  3.3 |  66.7
United Kingdom |  32.9 |  4.1 | 47.5 | 67.2 | 68.2 | 11.8 |  31.5
Australia |  31.7 |  3.9 | 25.0 | 70.4 | 53.2 | 11.1 |  22.8
Canada |  30.3 |  3.8 | 22.8 | 69.1 | 70.1 |  9.5 |  25.1
Germany |  24.6 |  3.0 | 34.8 | 66.0 | 70.0 |  4.7 |    ..
France |  17.8 |  2.2 | 37.6 | 69.2 | 67.8 | 10.1 |  13.0
New Zealand |   9.1 |  1.1 | 31.8 | 69.2 | 32.4 | 18.5 |   8.0
Philippines |   7.8 |  1.0 |   .. | 30.5 | 62.5 | 17.7 |  7.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Japan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  75.1 |  49.4 |  59.9 |  77.1 |  54.5 |  63.2
Unemployment rate (%) |   3.5 |   5.2 |   4.3 |   5.1 |   6.7 |   5.9
Participation rate (%) |  77.8 |  52.2 |  62.6 |  81.2 |  58.3 |  67.2
Total employed (thousands) | 155.7 | 148.6 | 304.3 | 170.3 | 189.4 | 359.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  83.2 |  53.6 |  66.4 |  86.5 |  58.9 |  69.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   2.0 |   4.4 |   3.1 |   3.4 |   6.1 |   4.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  31.4 |    .. |    .. |  31.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  96.3 |  81.0 | 177.2 | 109.6 | 124.7 | 234.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  50.3 |  56.8 |  50.5 |  54.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  12.7
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  49.1 |  42.3 |  47.8 |  44.6
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   0.6 |   0.9 |   1.7 |   1.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 243.6 | +15.3 | United States | 38.4 |   -8.1
United Kingdom |  22.4 | +29.7 | United Kingdom |  4.1 |  -29.3
Canada |  21.2 | +47.3 | France |  1.9 |  +25.1
Germany |  17.2 |    .. | Canada |  1.5 |  -48.0
Australia |  16.9 | +90.0 | New Zealand |  1.4 | +266.7
Total | 361.4 | +30.4 | Total | 53.6 |   -9.2

International students from Japan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 34 010 | 24 622 | 19 339
United Kingdom |  4 465 |  3 354 |  3 131
Australia |  2 974 |  2 413 |  1 855
France |  1 908 |  1 743 |  1 661
Germany |  1 807 |  1 748 |  1 576
Total | 49 829 | 39 412 | 32 749

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (6 629, 0%), USA (6 061, 0%), KOR (5 831, 1%), GBR (5 000, 1%), FRA (1 772, 1%), AUS (1 629, 0%), CAN (1 305, 0%), NLD (1 102, 0%), BEL (993, 0%), ESP (859, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 16 | 24 | 22 | 23 | 17
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  1
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 54
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (20%), Australia (14%), Canada (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270146

Korea

Total population 2013 (millions) | 50.2 |  |  | Korea compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 15/187 | 14/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 25 977 |  |  | GDP per capita | 32/209 | 23/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 106/203 | 22/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 120/144 | 28/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 73%; “65+”: 12% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Korea living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 795.9 | 1 044.9 | 1 840.8 | 757.8 | 1 015.4 | 1 773.2 | .. | .. | .. | 1 446.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |      .. |      .. |  81.9 |   102.6 |   184.6 | .. | .. | .. |   193.7
15-24 (%) |  14.9 |    12.4 |    13.5 |  15.2 |    12.3 |    13.5 | .. | .. | .. |    16.0
25-64 (%) |  72.5 |    74.3 |    73.5 |  71.9 |    74.2 |    73.3 | .. | .. | .. |    74.8
65+ (%) |  12.6 |    13.3 |    13.0 |  12.9 |    13.5 |    13.2 | .. | .. | .. |     9.2
Low educated (%) |  12.2 |    14.9 |    13.7 |  12.1 |    14.9 |    13.7 | .. | .. | .. |    20.0
Highly educated (%) |  51.0 |    46.4 |    48.4 |  50.7 |    46.0 |    48.0 | .. | .. | .. |    37.9
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.7 |     4.8 |     4.3 |   3.5 |     4.7 |     4.1 | .. | .. | .. |     3.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   3.7 |     6.0 |     4.6 |   3.5 |     5.8 |     4.5 | .. | .. | .. |     4.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 1 063.3 | 57.8 | .. | 58.0 | 51.8 | 12.9 | 801.7
Japan |   391.1 | 21.3 | .. | 55.6 | 21.9 | 10.5 | 467.4
Canada |   120.6 |  6.6 | .. | 54.3 | 63.7 | 20.7 |  72.5
Australia |    67.4 |  3.7 | .. | 54.8 | 47.7 | 19.1 |  33.3
New Zealand |    24.0 |  1.3 | .. | 53.8 | 31.8 | 25.8 |  14.0
Germany |    23.3 |  1.3 | .. | 59.5 | 46.9 |  8.5 |    ..
Thailand |    22.4 |  1.2 | .. | 51.6 | 68.8 | 20.7 |    ..
France |    18.2 |  1.0 | .. | 63.2 | 62.3 | 21.2 |  12.9
United Kingdom |    15.9 |  0.9 | .. | 58.6 | 66.6 | 23.1 |   9.9
Russian Federation |    13.5 |  0.7 | .. | 27.0 | 19.7 |  6.5 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Korea living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  70.9 |  51.2 |  59.8 |  70.9 |  53.3 |  60.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.3 |   6.5 |   6.4 |   7.7 |   7.8 |   7.8
Participation rate (%) |  75.7 |  54.8 |  63.9 |  76.8 |  57.8 |  65.9
Total employed (thousands) | 403.8 | 376.3 | 780.2 | 453.8 | 455.8 | 909.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  78.6 |  55.7 |  66.5 |  81.3 |  57.9 |  68.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.0 |   5.4 |   4.6 |   5.2 |   6.8 |   5.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  41.4 |    .. |    .. |  39.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 184.8 | 145.4 | 330.2 | 267.3 | 243.1 | 510.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  36.2 |  44.2 |  38.6 |  41.7
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    ..
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    ..
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  63.1 |  54.3 |  60.3 |  56.9
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   0.7 |   1.5 |   1.2 |   1.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 550.7 |  +56.8 | United States | 119.3 |   -8.1
Japan |  85.8 |   -5.0 | Japan |  79.0 |  -30.0
Canada |  76.9 |  +99.3 | Canada |  10.2 |  -13.1
Australia |  32.1 | +182.8 | New Zealand |   6.3 | +712.0
France |  11.3 | +104.4 | Australia |   4.1 |  -31.7
Total | 809.4 |  +56.5 | Total | 231.7 |  -15.2

International students from Korea in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  69 198 |  71 514 |  70 024
Japan |  23 290 |  25 660 |  24 171
Australia |   6 270 |   7 311 |   7 529
United Kingdom |   4 031 |   4 347 |   4 516
Canada |      87 |   4 326 |   4 218
Total | 110 048 | 122 871 | 119 930

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): JPN (25 748, 8%), USA (20 846, 2%), CAN (5 310, 2%), AUS (5 049, 2%), DEU (4 927, 0%), NZL (1 278, 3%), GBR (1 000, 0%), POL (990, 2%), ESP (743, 0%), NLD (743, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 27 | 35 | 30 | 28 | 26
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  3
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 21
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (18%), United States (16%), Canada (14%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270151

Luxembourg

Total population 2013 (millions) | 0.5 |  |  | Luxembourg compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 21/187 | 19/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 110 665 |  |  | GDP per capita | 1/209 | 1/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 58/203 | 5/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 20/144 | 1/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 14% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Luxembourg living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 27.6 | 29.3 | 56.9 | 27.4 | 29.2 | 56.6 | .. | .. | .. | 31.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.9 |  5.7 | 14.6 | .. | .. | .. |  3.2
15-24 (%) | 21.5 | 14.3 | 17.8 | 21.5 | 14.3 | 17.8 | .. | .. | .. | 17.7
25-64 (%) | 67.4 | 61.5 | 64.3 | 67.3 | 61.4 | 64.3 | .. | .. | .. | 60.2
65+ (%) | 11.1 | 24.2 | 17.9 | 11.2 | 24.3 | 17.9 | .. | .. | .. | 22.1
Low educated (%) | 25.7 | 33.8 | 29.9 | 25.8 | 33.8 | 29.9 | .. | .. | .. | 40.8
Highly educated (%) | 34.2 | 29.3 | 31.7 | 34.2 | 29.3 | 31.7 | .. | .. | .. | 24.8
Total emigration rates (%) | 11.7 | 12.2 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 12.2 | 11.9 | .. | .. | .. |  8.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 22.5 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 22.4 | 22.7 | 22.5 | .. | .. | .. | 12.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 17.0 | 29.9 | 55.2 | 42.5 | 28.7 | 16.2 |  ..
France |  9.4 | 16.6 | 24.6 | 56.4 | 32.6 | 20.4 | 8.9
Belgium |  8.9 | 15.7 | 13.0 | 55.8 | 25.5 | 15.7 | 8.7
United States |  5.6 |  9.9 |   .. | 66.5 | 43.5 |  4.6 | 2.4
Italy |  4.5 |  8.0 |  2.5 | 56.8 | 14.1 |  4.3 | 4.5
Portugal |  3.2 |  5.5 |   .. | 51.4 | 24.5 | 34.9 | 2.2
United Kingdom |  1.7 |  3.0 | 49.3 | 53.0 | 61.7 | 43.9 | 1.0
Switzerland |  1.6 |  2.8 | 10.1 | 47.9 | 45.2 |  7.4 | 1.3
Spain |  1.5 |  2.6 | 14.8 | 48.5 | 37.5 | 15.5 | 0.8
Austria |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 0.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Luxembourg living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 67.9 | 49.0 | 57.8 | 58.9 | 54.9 | 57.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.4 | 11.9 |  8.9 |  9.0 | 11.0 |  9.9
Participation rate (%) | 72.5 | 55.5 | 63.5 | 64.8 | 61.7 | 63.4
Total employed (thousands) |  7.6 |  6.2 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 10.9 | 24.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 78.2 | 65.0 | 71.5 | 82.1 | 74.5 | 78.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.2 |  6.8 |  4.9 |  2.6 |  5.5 |  3.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 17.1 |   .. |   .. | 20.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.6 |  2.2 |  4.9 |  6.0 |  4.5 | 10.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 44.0 | 53.2 | 46.3 | 50.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.8
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.4 | 38.9 | 47.2 | 42.6
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  7.6 |  7.9 |  6.6 |  6.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany |  4.9 |     .. | Germany |  4.8 |    ..
France |  3.1 |  +35.5 | Belgium |  3.1 | -11.2
United States |  2.4 | +156.8 | France |  2.9 | -21.5
Belgium |  2.3 |   +8.6 | Italy |  1.9 | -16.8
United Kingdom |  1.1 | +164.8 | Portugal |  1.4 |  +8.0
Total | 17.4 | +134.6 | Total | 16.5 | +34.9

International students from Luxembourg in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Germany | 2 425 | 2 766 | 3 043
France | 1 551 | 1 388 | 1 387
United Kingdom |   834 |   957 | 1 032
Austria |   537 |   653 |   760
Belgium |   256 |   451 |   628
Total | 6 176 | 6 869 | 7 595

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (2 003, 0%), BEL (249, 0%), CHE (169, 0%), AUT (96, 0%), NLD (56, 0%), ESP (46, 0%), JPN (38, 0%), CAN (30, 0%), USA (19, 0%), ITA (17, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 23 | 20 | 19 | 18
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 13
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 43
Three main desired countries of destination: Portugal (14%), France (13%), Germany (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270163

Mexico

Total population 2013 (millions) | 122.3 |  |  | Mexico compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 71/187 | 34/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 10 307 |  |  | GDP per capita | 68/209 | 34/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 56/203 | 4/34
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 4.12 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 101/144 | 23/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 28%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Mexico living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 6 112.6 | 5 234.8 | 11 347.5 | 6 099.1 | 5 222.7 | 11 321.9 | .. | .. | .. | 8 330.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |       .. |   524.5 |   345.9 |    870.3 | .. | .. | .. | 2 059.1
15-24 (%) |    16.4 |    14.3 |     15.4 |    16.4 |    14.3 |     15.4 | .. | .. | .. |    21.9
25-64 (%) |    78.5 |    78.4 |     78.5 |    78.5 |    78.4 |     78.4 | .. | .. | .. |    73.5
65+ (%) |     5.1 |     7.4 |      6.1 |     5.1 |     7.4 |      6.1 | .. | .. | .. |     4.6
Low educated (%) |    59.5 |    57.6 |     58.6 |    59.6 |    57.7 |     58.7 | .. | .. | .. |    69.6
Highly educated (%) |     7.1 |     8.9 |      7.9 |     7.0 |     8.8 |      7.8 | .. | .. | .. |     5.7
Total emigration rates (%) |    13.3 |    10.9 |     12.1 |    13.3 |    10.9 |     12.1 | .. | .. | .. |    10.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     5.7 |     6.8 |      6.3 |     5.6 |     6.8 |      6.2 | .. | .. | .. |     6.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 11 151.7 | 98.3 |  7.5 | 46.0 |  7.2 | 15.4 | 8 250.9
Canada |     75.9 |  0.7 | 28.5 | 51.6 | 41.2 | 16.4 |    37.5
Spain |     40.6 |  0.4 | 38.5 | 55.4 | 61.6 | 13.4 |    16.6
France |     10.7 |  0.1 | 41.4 | 56.5 | 62.0 | 26.4 |     5.2
United Kingdom |      9.1 |  0.1 | 55.3 | 55.0 | 75.1 | 10.8 |     4.5
Italy |      6.2 |  0.1 | 33.1 | 73.1 | 41.2 | 10.2 |     3.7
Switzerland |      5.3 |  0.1 | 41.7 | 59.3 | 47.7 |  7.8 |     2.5
Argentina |      4.4 |  0.0 |   .. | 53.7 | 35.6 | 23.9 |     2.8
Puerto Rico |      3.6 |  0.0 |   .. | 38.0 | 47.8 |  5.3 |     2.7
Netherlands |      3.2 |  0.0 | 15.9 | 63.8 | 52.6 |  1.7 |      ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Mexico living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |    68.6 |    40.7 |    56.4 |    81.8 |    49.4 |    67.1
Unemployment rate (%) |     7.5 |    13.4 |     9.4 |     7.4 |    11.9 |     9.0
Participation rate (%) |    74.1 |    47.0 |    62.3 |    88.4 |    56.1 |    73.7
Total employed (thousands) | 3 064.2 | 1 415.4 | 4 479.6 | 4 691.8 | 2 365.0 | 7 056.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |    78.4 |    59.4 |    69.0 |    86.4 |    65.5 |    75.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |     4.1 |     6.6 |     5.2 |     5.6 |     8.2 |     6.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |      .. |      .. |    53.5 |      .. |      .. |    55.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |   182.3 |   135.3 |   317.6 |   353.5 |   288.8 |   642.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |      .. |      .. |     8.6 |     7.0 |    12.6 |     9.0
Of which: Health professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |     5.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    16.5
Medium-skilled occupations |      .. |      .. |    91.3 |    92.8 |    87.2 |    90.8
Low-skilled occupations |      .. |      .. |     0.1 |     0.1 |     0.2 |     0.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 799.5 |  +79.9 | United States | 6 610.3 | +14.6
Canada |  31.2 | +181.4 | Canada |    25.5 | +40.6
Spain |  25.0 | +236.2 | Spain |     6.4 | +30.7
United Kingdom |   6.8 | +135.2 | France |     1.6 | +49.8
France |   6.7 | +136.6 | Italy |     1.3 | +29.1
Total | 885.5 |  +86.4 | Total | 6 648.6 | +14.7

International students from Mexico in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 14 853 | 13 331 | 13 456
Spain |  1 910 |  2 933 |  2 542
France |  1 751 |  1 954 |  2 246
Germany |  1 299 |  1 503 |  1 668
United Kingdom |  1 303 |  1 337 |  1 519
Total | 24 005 | 24 625 | 25 394

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (146 406, 14%), ESP (4 676, 1%), CAN (4 030, 1%), DEU (3 485, 0%), CHL (1 048, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), FRA (793, 0%), JPN (789, 0%), CHE (556, 0%), NLD (471, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 16 | 26 | 26 | 17 | 17
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 40
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (41%), Canada (11%), Spain (8%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270176

Netherlands

Total population 2013 (millions) | 16.8 |  |  | Netherlands compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 4/187 | 4/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 50 793 |  |  | GDP per capita | 13/209 | 9/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 95/203 | 17/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 89/144 | 17/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 17%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 17% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Netherlands living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 396.7 | 375.6 | 772.3 | 375.9 | 365.0 | 740.9 | .. | .. | .. | 586.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  63.7 |  51.8 | 115.5 | .. | .. | .. |  62.6
15-24 (%) |   6.9 |   6.9 |   6.9 |   7.0 |   6.9 |   7.0 | .. | .. | .. |   5.8
25-64 (%) |  65.4 |  62.8 |  64.2 |  65.2 |  62.8 |  64.0 | .. | .. | .. |  68.9
65+ (%) |  27.7 |  30.2 |  28.9 |  27.8 |  30.3 |  29.0 | .. | .. | .. |  25.4
Low educated (%) |  18.6 |  26.2 |  22.3 |  19.2 |  26.5 |  22.8 | .. | .. | .. |  27.3
Highly educated (%) |  44.8 |  35.2 |  40.1 |  44.0 |  35.3 |  39.7 | .. | .. | .. |  33.9
Total emigration rates (%) |   5.5 |   5.2 |   5.3 |   5.3 |   5.0 |   5.1 | .. | .. | .. |   4.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   9.0 |   7.6 |   8.3 |   8.4 |   7.4 |   7.9 | .. | .. | .. |   6.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 135.2 | 17.5 | 21.5 | 47.1 | 33.9 |  4.0 |  39.3
Belgium | 110.8 | 14.3 | 23.3 | 50.6 | 17.8 | 10.1 |  89.3
Canada |  99.0 | 12.8 |  2.5 | 48.9 | 40.7 |  2.8 | 117.2
United States |  94.5 | 12.2 |  9.0 | 48.7 | 49.4 |  7.9 |  98.8
Australia |  74.5 |  9.6 |  4.1 | 49.1 | 26.1 |  1.7 |  82.3
United Kingdom |  47.8 |  6.2 | 29.8 | 52.9 | 56.6 | 20.2 |  35.0
France |  36.7 |  4.8 | 23.9 | 53.4 | 47.6 |  7.1 |  26.0
Spain |  32.9 |  4.3 | 21.8 | 47.3 | 39.5 |  4.7 |    ..
New Zealand |  19.2 |  2.5 |  4.7 | 48.9 | 28.1 |  3.5 |  21.7
Switzerland |  17.2 |  2.2 | 19.8 | 52.5 | 57.0 |  4.7 |  16.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Netherlands living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  78.4 |  56.2 |  67.3 |  75.3 |  58.7 |  67.3
Unemployment rate (%) |   3.7 |   5.4 |   4.4 |   5.5 |   7.4 |   6.3
Participation rate (%) |  81.4 |  59.4 |  70.4 |  79.7 |  63.4 |  71.8
Total employed (thousands) | 167.1 | 119.7 | 286.8 | 202.7 | 148.4 | 351.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  86.7 |  68.5 |  78.8 |  85.2 |  68.9 |  77.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   2.5 |   4.6 |   3.3 |   3.4 |   6.4 |   4.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  25.3 |    .. |    .. |  23.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  77.7 |  47.1 | 124.9 | 102.3 |  67.1 | 169.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  51.1 |  57.2 |  50.3 |  55.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   5.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.2
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  44.8 |  38.7 |  43.3 |  39.0
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   4.2 |   4.2 |   6.4 |   5.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  46.6 |   +7.4 | Belgium |  30.4 |  -14.1
Germany |  45.8 | +297.7 | Germany |  29.4 | +451.4
Canada |  40.3 |  +10.8 | Canada |  23.4 |  -37.4
United Kingdom |  27.1 |  +79.0 | Australia |  19.8 |  -34.7
Belgium |  19.7 |   -7.3 | United States |   9.0 |  -35.3
Total | 271.7 |  +45.0 | Total | 156.3 |   +3.5

International students from the Netherlands in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Belgium |    .. |  3 117 |  4 236
United Kingdom | 3 024 |  3 208 |  3 446
United States | 1 682 |  1 814 |  1 913
France |   652 |    712 |    926
Germany |   690 |    699 |    721
Total | 7 827 | 12 157 | 14 289

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (9 164, 0%), BEL (9 075, 8%), ESP (3 218, 0%), GBR (3 000, 0%), CHE (1 396, 0%), USA (1 091, 0%), AUT (868, 0%), AUS (806, 0%), SWE (797, 0%), JPN (779, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 25 | 20 | 21 | 19
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  3
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 37
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (11%), France (7%), Other country (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270189

New Zealand

Total population 2013 (millions) | 4.4 |  |  | New Zealand compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 7/187 | 7/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 41 824 |  |  | GDP per capita | 22/209 | 17/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 47/203 | 3/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 75/144 | 13/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 20%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 14% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in New Zealand living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 283.5 | 272.4 | 555.9 | 278.4 | 270.8 | 549.2 | .. | .. | .. | 413.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  53.6 |  51.3 | 104.9 | .. | .. | .. |  90.9
15-24 (%) |  12.5 |  12.6 |  12.5 |  12.4 |  12.7 |  12.5 | .. | .. | .. |  13.8
25-64 (%) |  78.7 |  77.4 |  78.1 |  78.7 |  77.4 |  78.1 | .. | .. | .. |  79.0
65+ (%) |   8.9 |   9.9 |   9.4 |   8.9 |   9.9 |   9.4 | .. | .. | .. |   7.1
Low educated (%) |  17.6 |  19.0 |  18.3 |  17.5 |  19.0 |  18.2 | .. | .. | .. |  33.3
Highly educated (%) |  31.0 |  37.4 |  34.1 |  30.6 |  37.3 |  33.9 | .. | .. | .. |  28.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  14.3 |  13.4 |  13.8 |  14.0 |  13.3 |  13.7 | .. | .. | .. |  12.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   8.9 |  10.1 |   9.5 |   8.7 |  10.1 |   9.4 | .. | .. | .. |   8.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Australia | 433.7 | 78.0 | 18.4 | 49.4 | 25.0 | 13.6 | 316.0
United Kingdom |  59.0 | 10.6 | 35.5 | 49.7 | 64.8 |  7.0 |  54.6
United States |  29.6 |  5.3 | 12.9 | 50.5 | 46.0 | 10.7 |  23.5
Canada |  10.7 |  1.9 | 13.4 | 45.4 | 64.8 |  8.5 |   9.3
Netherlands |   3.4 |  0.6 | 15.7 | 65.5 | 35.2 |  6.4 |    ..
Thailand |   3.0 |  0.5 |   .. |   .. | 24.7 | 25.1 |    ..
Switzerland |   2.2 |  0.4 | 38.2 | 34.1 | 47.1 |  7.6 |   1.0
Japan |   2.0 |  0.4 |   .. | 26.9 | 65.7 | 11.7 |   2.2
Ireland |   1.8 |  0.3 | 34.4 | 44.3 | 53.5 | 10.0 |   2.0
France |   1.6 |  0.3 | 42.5 | 53.7 | 60.2 |  7.3 |   0.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in New Zealand living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  81.4 |  68.1 |  74.8 |  84.3 |  71.7 |  78.1
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.9 |   6.9 |   6.9 |   5.2 |   6.3 |   5.7
Participation rate (%) |  87.5 |  73.1 |  80.4 |  88.8 |  76.6 |  82.8
Total employed (thousands) | 157.0 | 127.8 | 284.8 | 211.3 | 173.8 | 385.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  89.6 |  80.2 |  84.6 |  91.1 |  81.7 |  85.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.7 |   3.7 |   3.7 |   3.1 |   3.9 |   3.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  21.5 |    .. |    .. |  22.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  43.5 |  44.1 |  87.6 |  66.9 |  71.3 | 138.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  44.1 |  42.2 |  48.9 |  45.4
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   5.9
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  45.4 |  50.2 |  45.1 |  47.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  10.5 |   7.6 |   5.9 |   6.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Australia | 108.3 | +76.5 | Australia | 81.6 | -28.7
United Kingdom |  38.2 | +40.5 | United Kingdom |  6.8 | -10.4
United States |  13.6 | +23.7 | United States |  2.4 | +17.6
Canada |   6.9 | +42.0 | Netherlands |  0.6 |    ..
Japan |   1.3 | -11.1 | Canada |  0.6 | -55.7
Total | 174.7 | +59.6 | Total | 93.9 | -25.8

International students from New Zealand in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Australia | 2 085 | 2 500 | 2 903
United States | 1 022 | 1 093 | 1 166
United Kingdom |   508 |   503 |   502
Germany |    62 |   104 |    94
France |    64 |    66 |    81
Total | 4 043 | 4 630 | 5 159

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): AUS (44 311, 18%), GBR (5 000, 1%), KOR (827, 0%), USA (814, 0%), JPN (682, 0%), DEU (646, 0%), CAN (465, 0%), NLD (218, 0%), FRA (166, 0%), CHE (134, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 16 | 33 | 14 | 15 | 16
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 49
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (60%), United States (9%), United Kingdom (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270201

Norway

Total population 2013 (millions) | 5.1 |  |  | Norway compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 1/187 | 1/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 100 898 |  |  | GDP per capita | 2/209 | 2/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 117/203 | 27/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 113/144 | 26/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 19%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 16% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Norway living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 66.2 | 79.1 | 145.4 | 61.2 | 76.7 | 137.8 | .. | .. | .. | 124.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 12.9 | 14.9 |  27.8 | .. | .. | .. |  24.0
15-24 (%) | 12.6 | 12.6 |  12.6 | 13.3 | 12.5 |  12.9 | .. | .. | .. |  12.3
25-64 (%) | 60.2 | 56.0 |  57.9 | 58.5 | 56.2 |  57.2 | .. | .. | .. |  64.3
65+ (%) | 27.1 | 31.4 |  29.4 | 28.2 | 31.3 |  29.9 | .. | .. | .. |  23.4
Low educated (%) | 16.5 | 20.5 |  18.7 | 16.9 | 20.6 |  19.0 | .. | .. | .. |  23.6
Highly educated (%) | 47.4 | 38.8 |  42.6 | 46.8 | 38.5 |  42.1 | .. | .. | .. |  34.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  3.2 |  3.8 |   3.5 |  3.0 |  3.7 |   3.3 | .. | .. | .. |   3.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  6.2 |  5.0 |   5.6 |  5.9 |  4.9 |   5.3 | .. | .. | .. |   4.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Sweden | 39.9 | 27.5 | 19.6 | 56.7 | 21.3 |  6.1 | 34.1
United States | 29.2 | 20.1 | 13.8 | 53.3 | 47.3 |  9.2 | 34.2
Denmark | 17.5 | 12.0 | 39.0 | 62.3 | 31.7 | 18.3 | 15.0
United Kingdom | 14.3 |  9.9 | 40.3 | 60.0 | 59.7 | 30.9 | 12.2
Spain |  9.3 |  6.4 | 21.6 | 49.0 | 41.0 |  9.6 |  5.0
Germany |  5.0 |  3.4 | 17.3 | 55.4 | 54.3 |  5.3 |   ..
Canada |  4.3 |  2.9 |  3.6 | 51.7 | 50.1 |  6.0 |  6.2
France |  3.5 |  2.4 | 34.8 | 61.0 | 54.6 | 28.8 |  2.4
Australia |  3.4 |  2.3 | 30.1 | 54.0 | 44.2 | 21.5 |  4.0
Thailand |  3.4 |  2.3 |   .. | 15.6 | 11.0 |   .. |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Norway living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 58.2 | 46.7 | 51.7 | 62.5 | 55.7 | 58.8
Unemployment rate (%) |  4.0 |  4.3 |  4.2 |  7.9 |  8.5 |  8.2
Participation rate (%) | 60.6 | 48.8 | 53.9 | 67.9 | 60.8 | 64.0
Total employed (thousands) | 26.0 | 26.9 | 52.8 | 27.3 | 29.2 | 56.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 76.0 | 60.9 | 68.2 | 78.9 | 66.7 | 72.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  2.4 |  4.0 |  3.1 |  4.3 |  6.1 |  5.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 21.0 |   .. |   .. | 22.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 12.5 | 10.6 | 23.1 | 15.2 | 15.1 | 30.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 50.9 | 59.8 | 51.2 | 56.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 44.2 | 36.7 | 44.5 | 39.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.9 |  3.5 |  4.4 |  3.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 13.8 |   -0.2 | Sweden |  9.7 | +18.7
United Kingdom |  8.6 |  +60.5 | United States |  3.2 | -46.9
Sweden |  8.5 |  +20.5 | Denmark |  3.0 |  -2.2
Denmark |  5.5 |  +44.6 | Spain |  2.8 |  +1.5
Spain |  3.8 | +259.9 | United Kingdom |  1.9 | +10.4
Total | 53.4 |  +35.4 | Total | 24.0 | -10.1

International students from Norway in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  2 797 |  3 295 |  4 423
Denmark |  1 359 |  2 395 |  2 898
United States |  1 265 |  1 454 |  1 953
Poland |  1 014 |  1 312 |  1 517
Australia |  1 426 |  1 462 |  1 338
Total | 11 073 | 13 477 | 16 092

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (3 000, 0%), SWE (2 034, 2%), ESP (1 378, 0%), DEU (855, 0%), NLD (360, 0%), USA (276, 0%), JPN (242, 0%), POL (201, 0%), KOR (168, 0%), BEL (164, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 15 | 33 | 20 | 16 | 19
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (12%), United States (12%), Sweden (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270195

Poland

Total population 2013 (millions) | 38.5 |  |  | Poland compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 35/187 | 28/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 13 654 |  |  | GDP per capita | 56/209 | 31/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 71/203 | 9/34
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.11 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 36/144 | 4/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 71%; “65+”: 14% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Poland living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 501.9 | 1 837.6 | 3 339.5 | 1 470.0 | 1 799.1 | 3 269.1 | .. | .. | .. | 2 185.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   385.2 |   400.6 |   785.8 | .. | .. | .. |   133.5
15-24 (%) |     9.0 |     8.4 |     8.7 |     8.9 |     8.4 |     8.6 | .. | .. | .. |    10.8
25-64 (%) |    78.4 |    75.7 |    76.9 |    78.8 |    76.2 |    77.4 | .. | .. | .. |    65.2
65+ (%) |    12.6 |    15.9 |    14.4 |    12.3 |    15.5 |    14.0 | .. | .. | .. |    24.0
Low educated (%) |    19.2 |    22.8 |    21.2 |    19.2 |    22.7 |    21.2 | .. | .. | .. |    31.6
Highly educated (%) |    30.5 |    32.7 |    31.7 |    30.3 |    32.7 |    31.6 | .. | .. | .. |    21.8
Total emigration rates (%) |     8.7 |     9.9 |     9.3 |     8.6 |     9.7 |     9.1 | .. | .. | .. |     6.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    20.0 |    16.0 |    17.5 |    19.5 |    15.8 |    17.2 | .. | .. | .. |    12.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 1 283.9 | 38.5 |  8.6 | 54.7 | 20.6 |  7.0 | 1 027.5
United Kingdom |   581.8 | 17.4 | 74.7 | 50.5 | 47.9 | 15.0 |    59.2
United States |   463.7 | 13.9 |  4.5 | 55.4 | 37.1 |  7.6 |   452.1
Canada |   153.2 |  4.6 |  3.2 | 54.8 | 52.7 |  3.5 |   177.5
Ireland |   101.0 |  3.0 | 62.8 | 48.2 | 31.1 | 12.3 |     2.0
France |    99.3 |  3.0 | 15.4 | 63.8 | 29.0 |  6.5 |   103.8
Italy |    92.0 |  2.8 | 21.0 | 78.7 | 15.3 |  8.3 |    31.4
Sweden |    64.4 |  1.9 | 41.0 | 57.8 | 29.3 |  9.2 |    36.6
Belgium |    52.8 |  1.6 | 57.7 | 58.2 |  8.7 | 11.2 |    18.9
Norway |    51.2 |  1.5 | 85.5 | 33.6 | 20.7 |  9.4 |     6.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Poland living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  73.6 |  59.5 |    65.9 |    81.1 |    68.2 |    74.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  10.9 |  10.4 |    10.6 |     7.4 |     8.8 |     8.1
Participation rate (%) |  82.6 |  66.4 |    73.8 |    87.6 |    74.8 |    80.6
Total employed (thousands) | 557.3 | 545.3 | 1 102.6 | 1 039.2 | 1 033.0 | 2 072.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.6 |  71.1 |    77.2 |    88.6 |    76.1 |    81.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.5 |   5.4 |     5.9 |     4.8 |     6.8 |     5.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |    33.5 |      .. |      .. |    50.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 155.0 | 156.8 |   311.9 |   336.1 |   402.8 |   738.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    29.8 |    23.6 |    31.2 |    27.7
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    14.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |     5.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    57.3 |    62.9 |    46.2 |    54.2
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    12.9 |    13.5 |    22.6 |    18.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 278.5 | +2 036.4 | Germany | 264.0 |    -15.4
Germany | 264.5 |    +56.4 | United Kingdom | 148.7 | +1 130.9
United States | 172.0 |    +43.9 | United States |  68.6 |    -45.4
Canada |  80.7 |    +31.4 | France |  37.9 |    -38.1
Ireland |  31.4 | +4 883.5 | Italy |  25.8 |   +167.0
Total | 999.9 |   +114.0 | Total | 668.7 |     -1.1

International students from Poland in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  8 572 |  8 316 |  6 257
Germany |  9 910 |  8 209 |  6 128
France |  3 260 |  2 809 |  2 611
United States |  2 734 |  2 244 |  1 780
Austria |  1 637 |  1 871 |  1 697
Total | 30 857 | 30 038 | 26 620

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (177 758, 18%), GBR (30 000, 8%), NLD (18 332, 15%), NOR (11 477, 16%), BEL (8 617, 8%), AUT (7 105, 5%), USA (6 300, 0%), ITA (4 618, 1%), SWE (4 433, 5%), CHE (3 340, 2%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 16 | 31 | 15 | 18 | 17
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 63
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (21%), United Kingdom (18%), United States (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270210

Portugal

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.5 |  |  | Portugal compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 41/187 | 30/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 21 738 |  |  | GDP per capita | 41/209 | 26/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -1.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 46/203 | 2/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 54/144 | 7/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 19% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Portugal living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 847.2 | 792.7 | 1 639.8 | 761.6 | 714.0 | 1 475.5 | .. | .. | .. | 1 260.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  77.7 |  63.0 |   140.7 | .. | .. | .. |    75.8
15-24 (%) |   6.0 |   5.5 |     5.8 |   6.6 |   6.0 |     6.3 | .. | .. | .. |     6.5
25-64 (%) |  76.0 |  74.2 |    75.1 |  79.7 |  78.0 |    78.9 | .. | .. | .. |    84.0
65+ (%) |  17.9 |  20.3 |    19.1 |  13.7 |  16.0 |    14.8 | .. | .. | .. |     9.5
Low educated (%) |  59.8 |  63.4 |    61.6 |  60.4 |  63.2 |    61.8 | .. | .. | .. |    69.4
Highly educated (%) |  11.0 |  11.7 |    11.4 |  10.5 |  11.7 |    11.0 | .. | .. | .. |     6.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  16.3 |  14.6 |    15.4 |  14.9 |  13.4 |    14.1 | .. | .. | .. |    12.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  18.6 |  13.2 |    15.5 |  16.3 |  12.1 |    13.9 | .. | .. | .. |     8.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 588.2 | 35.9 |  6.9 | 49.0 |  6.5 |  4.3 | 567.7
United States | 198.8 | 12.1 |  2.2 | 50.8 | 14.2 |  3.3 | 206.3
Switzerland | 154.3 |  9.4 | 16.6 | 46.0 |  6.3 | 10.7 |  94.2
Canada | 139.4 |  8.5 |  1.8 | 50.9 | 16.5 |  1.5 | 154.0
Brazil | 135.6 |  8.3 |   .. | 48.5 | 14.4 |  0.7 | 211.9
Germany | 100.2 |  6.1 |  6.9 | 45.1 |  7.9 |  8.5 |  67.7
Spain |  91.6 |  5.6 | 23.7 | 42.0 | 12.9 |  9.0 |  53.4
United Kingdom |  80.4 |  4.9 | 34.6 | 50.1 | 37.7 | 17.1 |  32.3
Luxembourg |  56.5 |  3.4 | 14.3 | 47.4 |  3.3 | 11.0 |  38.4
Belgium |  26.4 |  1.6 | 28.6 | 48.9 |  6.7 | 11.1 |  19.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Portugal living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  80.3 |  63.1 |  71.9 |  77.3 |  67.2 |  72.5
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.9 |   8.8 |   7.7 |   8.1 |   9.3 |   8.6
Participation rate (%) |  86.3 |  69.2 |  77.9 |  84.1 |  74.0 |  79.3
Total employed (thousands) | 462.3 | 350.8 | 813.1 | 505.3 | 401.1 | 906.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.7 |  76.8 |  80.5 |  84.9 |  78.1 |  81.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.9 |   5.7 |   5.3 |   5.7 |   6.5 |   6.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  37.7 |    .. |    .. |  41.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  29.9 |  30.4 |  60.3 |  61.3 |  60.7 | 122.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  14.3 |  20.2 |  25.0 |  19.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   5.2
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  72.2 |  66.4 |  50.8 |  60.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  13.5 |  13.4 |  24.2 |  20.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France |  38.2 |  +63.1 | France | 410.9 |  -2.6
United Kingdom |  30.3 | +450.9 | Switzerland |  99.3 | +79.2
United States |  28.2 |  +24.4 | United States |  92.3 | -18.6
Canada |  23.0 |  +50.0 | Canada |  74.1 | -26.4
Spain |  11.8 | +196.9 | Spain |  67.4 | +52.3
Total | 160.0 | +105.2 | Total | 895.2 |  +5.7

International students from Portugal in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |  2 612 |  3 049 |  3 446
United Kingdom |  2 828 |  2 662 |  2 594
Spain |  2 026 |  2 561 |  1 619
United States |    903 |  1 006 |    940
Czech Republic |    369 |    443 |    468
Total | 10 319 | 11 439 | 11 866

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CHE (18 577, 13%), DEU (11 820, 1%), GBR (7 000, 2%), ESP (6 201, 1%), LUX (5 193, 27%), BEL (4 227, 3%), NLD (2 470, 2%), USA (811, 0%), AUT (693, 0%), NOR (582, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 36 | 28 | 24 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 15
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 23
Three main desired countries of destination: Switzerland (12%), France (11%), United Kingdom (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270225

Slovak Republic

Total population 2013 (millions) | 5.4 |  |  | Slovak Republic compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 37/187 | 29/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 18 049 |  |  | GDP per capita | 46/209 | 29/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 68/203 | 8/34
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.49 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 35/144 | 3/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 72%; “65+”: 13% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Slovak Republic living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 227.3 | 289.5 | 516.8 | 225.4 | 287.1 | 512.5 | .. | .. | .. | 361.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  41.3 |  48.1 |  89.3 | .. | .. | .. |  12.8
15-24 (%) |   8.3 |   7.9 |   8.1 |   8.2 |   7.8 |   8.0 | .. | .. | .. |   6.9
25-64 (%) |  70.2 |  67.3 |  68.5 |  70.1 |  67.2 |  68.5 | .. | .. | .. |  64.9
65+ (%) |  21.5 |  24.9 |  23.4 |  21.7 |  25.0 |  23.5 | .. | .. | .. |  28.2
Low educated (%) |  21.0 |  29.8 |  26.0 |  21.1 |  30.0 |  26.2 | .. | .. | .. |  41.1
Highly educated (%) |  26.9 |  25.0 |  25.8 |  26.8 |  24.8 |  25.7 | .. | .. | .. |  13.0
Total emigration rates (%) |   9.3 |  11.0 |  10.1 |   9.2 |  10.9 |  10.1 | .. | .. | .. |   7.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  16.3 |  18.9 |  17.7 |  16.1 |  18.7 |  17.5 | .. | .. | .. |   9.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Czech Republic | 286.1 | 55.3 |  9.6 | 52.9 | 14.0 |  5.8 |   ..
United Kingdom |  55.8 | 10.8 | 71.3 | 54.2 | 45.4 | 18.1 |  5.1
Germany |  33.0 |  6.4 | 17.5 | 69.3 | 41.3 |  7.1 |   ..
Hungary |  32.3 |  6.3 | 14.2 | 63.0 | 25.2 |  6.6 | 37.1
Austria |  24.4 |  4.7 | 35.1 | 64.6 | 19.8 | 10.3 | 15.2
United States |  20.4 |  3.9 |  9.7 | 54.1 | 45.4 |  7.0 |   ..
Canada |  12.8 |  2.5 |  5.8 | 52.2 | 61.7 |  4.7 | 10.3
Ireland |   9.8 |  1.9 | 61.5 | 47.2 | 24.4 | 14.8 |  0.3
Switzerland |   9.3 |  1.8 | 43.5 | 61.8 | 35.8 |  4.8 |  3.6
Italy |   8.6 |  1.7 | 26.2 | 78.5 | 18.0 |  6.5 |  2.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Slovak Republic living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 60.1 | 47.3 |  53.3 |  75.5 |  64.0 |  69.0
Unemployment rate (%) | 16.3 | 16.4 |  16.3 |   9.7 |  11.6 |  10.7
Participation rate (%) | 71.7 | 56.7 |  63.8 |  83.6 |  72.4 |  77.3
Total employed (thousands) | 74.1 | 65.7 | 139.8 | 118.3 | 128.5 | 246.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 85.1 | 73.5 |  79.3 |  88.0 |  77.0 |  81.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.3 |  4.9 |   4.0 |   4.2 |   5.8 |   5.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  17.5 |    .. |    .. |  34.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 16.0 | 13.7 |  29.7 |  40.1 |  47.5 |  87.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  36.1 |  36.1 |  41.8 |  39.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  12.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.1
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  51.7 |  52.4 |  44.4 |  48.3
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  12.1 |  11.4 |  13.8 |  12.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Czech Republic |  40.1 |    +43.4 | Czech Republic |  80.4 |    -30.0
United Kingdom |  25.3 | +1 632.1 | United Kingdom |  14.5 | +1 426.3
Germany |  13.6 |       .. | Hungary |  11.7 |    -44.1
United States |   9.3 |       .. | Germany |   4.4 |       ..
Hungary |   8.1 |    +43.7 | Austria |   2.4 |    -46.8
Total | 123.0 |   +164.3 | Total | 125.4 |    -14.7

International students from the Slovak Republic in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Czech Republic | 18 621 | 22 427 | 24 819
Hungary |  2 178 |  2 512 |  2 533
Austria |  1 470 |  1 638 |  1 717
United Kingdom |  1 116 |  1 381 |  1 425
Germany |  1 022 |    927 |    805
Total | 26 183 | 30 909 | 33 718

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (13 892, 1%), AUT (5 957, 4%), CZE (4 825, 17%), CHE (1 625, 1%), HUN (1 013, 5%), NLD (987, 0%), BEL (648, 0%), ITA (645, 0%), NOR (570, 0%), ESP (537, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 14 | 32 | 18 | 15 | 16
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 61
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (15%), United Kingdom (14%), Austria (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270232

Slovenia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 2.1 |  |  | Slovenia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 25/187 | 22/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 23 295 |  |  | GDP per capita | 36/209 | 24/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -1.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 84/203 | 13/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 95/144 | 20/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 14%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 17% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Slovenia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (/ countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 60.0 | 88.1 | 148.2 | 47.4 | 68.8 | 116.2 | .. | .. | .. | 78.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  3.3 |  4.4 |   7.8 | .. | .. | .. |  2.1
15-24 (%) |  6.4 |  5.0 |   5.6 |  5.3 |  4.6 |   4.9 | .. | .. | .. |  3.1
25-64 (%) | 56.4 | 55.6 |  55.9 | 53.0 | 54.2 |  53.7 | .. | .. | .. | 61.1
65+ (%) | 37.3 | 39.3 |  38.5 | 41.8 | 41.2 |  41.5 | .. | .. | .. | 35.8
Low educated (%) | 26.6 | 40.8 |  35.1 | 30.3 | 45.1 |  39.1 | .. | .. | .. | 48.3
Highly educated (%) | 22.2 | 18.1 |  19.7 | 20.5 | 16.7 |  18.3 | .. | .. | .. | 11.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  6.4 |  9.0 |   7.8 |  5.2 |  7.2 |   6.2 | .. | .. | .. |  4.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 10.6 |  8.5 |   9.4 |  7.9 |  6.3 |   7.0 | .. | .. | .. |  4.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 33.3 | 22.5 |  7.0 | 56.2 | 11.4 | 6.8 |  6.1
Italy | 24.5 | 16.6 |  3.4 | 64.0 |  8.3 | 2.1 | 20.4
Croatia | 19.3 | 13.0 |   .. | 63.7 | 21.1 | 7.5 |   ..
Austria | 15.3 | 10.3 |  4.3 | 64.3 | 11.8 | 7.4 | 20.3
United States | 13.9 |  9.4 |   .. | 58.6 | 36.8 | 3.7 |  5.9
Serbia | 11.0 |  7.4 |   .. | 56.6 | 31.8 | 9.8 |   ..
Canada |  8.1 |  5.4 |  0.2 | 52.8 | 26.4 | 1.5 |  9.2
Australia |  6.0 |  4.1 |  3.4 | 49.9 | 14.2 | 2.1 |  6.4
Switzerland |  4.2 |  2.8 | 18.3 | 66.8 | 21.7 | 6.6 |  3.8
France |  2.4 |  1.6 |  7.8 | 56.1 | 19.1 | 2.6 |  2.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Slovenia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 60.0 | 39.1 | 48.1 | 74.2 | 55.3 | 62.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.6 |  6.1 |  5.8 |  6.5 |  9.0 |  7.8
Participation rate (%) | 63.5 | 41.6 | 51.0 | 79.4 | 60.7 | 68.2
Total employed (thousands) | 13.0 | 11.3 | 24.3 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 37.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 79.0 | 67.1 | 72.8 | 88.5 | 65.9 | 75.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.8 |  5.4 |  4.6 |  3.2 | 10.4 |  7.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 24.4 |   .. |   .. | 26.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.6 |  2.4 |  5.1 |  4.3 |  4.7 |  9.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 33.4 | 38.5 | 38.4 | 39.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.7
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 52.6 | 53.9 | 49.1 | 50.3
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 13.9 |  7.7 | 12.5 | 10.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  5.1 | +180.4 | Italy | 16.1 |  +9.4
Germany |  3.8 |     .. | Germany | 12.3 |    ..
Canada |  2.1 |  +32.2 | Austria |  5.3 | -47.5
Italy |  2.0 |  +43.3 | United States |  2.9 | +66.8
Austria |  1.8 |   +7.3 | Canada |  2.5 | -36.7
Total | 20.9 | +131.1 | Total | 44.7 | +20.6

International students from Slovenia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Austria |   653 |   831 |   810
United Kingdom |   285 |   281 |   323
Germany |   274 |   270 |   266
Italy |   328 |   298 |   259
United States |   210 |   190 |   166
Total | 2 051 | 2 248 | 2 451

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (3 592, 0%), AUT (1 876, 1%), GBR (1 000, 0%), CHE (470, 0%), NLD (208, 0%), ITA (208, 0%), ESP (159, 0%), BEL (149, 0%), USA (86, 0%), SWE (73, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 16 | 39 | 15 | 23 | 20
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  3
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 48
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (15%), Germany (15%), Austria (13%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270245

Spain

Total population 2013 (millions) | 46.6 |  |  | Spain compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 27/187 | 24/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 29 882 |  |  | GDP per capita | 29/209 | 22/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -1.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 143/203 | 32/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 138/144 | 32/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Spain living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 424.4 | 494.6 | 919.0 | 350.1 | 417.7 | 767.8 | .. | .. | .. | 770.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  45.0 |  50.2 |  95.2 | .. | .. | .. |  57.4
15-24 (%) |   6.1 |   5.7 |   5.9 |   6.7 |   6.2 |   6.4 | .. | .. | .. |   5.6
25-64 (%) |  62.3 |  57.4 |  59.7 |  67.0 |  62.0 |  64.3 | .. | .. | .. |  67.2
65+ (%) |  31.5 |  36.9 |  34.4 |  26.2 |  31.8 |  29.3 | .. | .. | .. |  27.2
Low educated (%) |  39.0 |  46.6 |  43.1 |  36.0 |  43.0 |  39.8 | .. | .. | .. |  53.3
Highly educated (%) |  29.0 |  27.1 |  28.0 |  30.2 |  29.5 |  29.8 | .. | .. | .. |  18.4
Total emigration rates (%) |   2.1 |   2.4 |   2.3 |   1.8 |   2.0 |   1.9 | .. | .. | .. |   2.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   2.7 |   2.7 |   2.7 |   2.3 |   2.5 |   2.4 | .. | .. | .. |   2.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 282.6 | 30.8 |  5.0 | 56.5 | 14.7 |  2.6 | 337.7
United States | 115.0 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 50.8 | 47.1 | 10.2 | 104.2
Germany |  84.4 |  9.2 | 15.0 | 51.6 | 22.8 |  7.9 |  59.6
Argentina |  83.3 |  9.1 |   .. | 55.9 |  5.6 |  1.9 | 132.9
United Kingdom |  74.0 |  8.1 | 39.7 | 56.0 | 59.5 | 13.2 |  50.3
Switzerland |  46.8 |  5.1 | 11.8 | 48.9 | 22.5 |  2.7 |  60.2
Belgium |  34.0 |  3.7 | 18.4 | 55.3 | 12.9 |  7.2 |  35.5
Brazil |  28.5 |  3.1 |   .. | 45.1 | 27.3 |  1.3 |  42.3
Italy |  21.5 |  2.3 | 17.0 | 78.2 | 32.4 |  4.7 |  18.8
Mexico |  18.3 |  2.0 | 15.9 | 49.1 | 39.3 |  3.0 |  20.3

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Spain living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  74.5 |  57.1 |  65.5 |  73.3 |  61.5 |  67.1
Unemployment rate (%) |   6.1 |   9.2 |   7.6 |   6.7 |   8.1 |   7.4
Participation rate (%) |  79.3 |  62.9 |  70.9 |  78.6 |  66.9 |  72.5
Total employed (thousands) | 196.0 | 160.6 | 356.6 | 188.1 | 173.9 | 362.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.1 |  71.0 |  77.1 |  84.6 |  74.4 |  79.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.7 |   6.0 |   4.8 |   4.7 |   6.1 |   5.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  25.5 |    .. |    .. |  24.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  48.6 |  47.1 |  95.6 |  77.3 |  81.0 | 158.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  38.3 |  49.9 |  51.7 |  46.5
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.2
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  54.5 |  44.4 |  40.0 |  44.6
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   7.2 |   5.8 |   8.3 |   8.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  54.2 |  +38.6 | France | 163.9 | -28.7
United Kingdom |  44.0 | +117.1 | Germany |  32.7 |  -5.9
France |  41.5 |  +42.9 | Switzerland |  18.2 | -36.5
Germany |  19.3 | +259.5 | United States |  17.4 | -27.3
Switzerland |  10.5 | +106.1 | Belgium |  15.4 | -16.5
Total | 223.9 |  +64.0 | Total | 298.3 | -24.4

International students from Spain in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  5 739 |  5 617 |  5 872
France |  3 905 |  4 129 |  5 037
United States |  3 664 |  3 936 |  4 769
Germany |  3 522 |  3 902 |  4 740
Portugal |    437 |    855 |  2 470
Total | 20 367 | 22 450 | 29 231

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (23 345, 2%), GBR (17 000, 4%), CHE (6 525, 4%), BEL (6 002, 5%), NLD (4 645, 4%), CHL (2 452, 2%), ITA (1 956, 0%), USA (1 842, 0%), AUT (1 430, 1%), NOR (1 370, 1%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 11 | 28 | 17 | 12 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 18
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: United Kingdom (13%), Germany (12%), United States (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270033

Sweden

Total population 2013 (millions) | 9.6 |  |  | Sweden compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 12/187 | 11/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 60 381 |  |  | GDP per capita | 7/209 | 5/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 119/203 | 28/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 98/144 | 22/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 17%; “15-64”: 64%; “65+”: 19% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Sweden living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 119.6 | 150.4 | 270.0 | 111.9 | 144.0 | 255.9 | .. | .. | .. | 203.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  25.2 |  28.7 |  54.0 | .. | .. | .. |  41.1
15-24 (%) |  14.9 |  13.5 |  14.1 |  15.0 |  13.3 |  14.1 | .. | .. | .. |  17.6
25-64 (%) |  73.1 |  70.3 |  71.6 |  73.5 |  70.0 |  71.5 | .. | .. | .. |  70.5
65+ (%) |  11.9 |  16.2 |  14.3 |  11.4 |  16.6 |  14.4 | .. | .. | .. |  11.9
Low educated (%) |  18.1 |  14.7 |  16.2 |  17.7 |  14.6 |  15.9 | .. | .. | .. |  19.4
Highly educated (%) |  46.9 |  49.4 |  48.3 |  46.6 |  49.2 |  48.1 | .. | .. | .. |  39.9
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.0 |   3.7 |   3.3 |   2.8 |   3.5 |   3.2 | .. | .. | .. |   2.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   7.0 |   6.7 |   6.8 |   6.5 |   6.4 |   6.5 | .. | .. | .. |   4.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 49.2 | 18.2 | 15.4 | 58.9 | 57.8 | 11.1 | 50.3
Norway | 42.2 | 15.6 | 32.4 | 49.8 | 34.1 | 19.0 | 29.3
Finland | 29.2 | 10.8 |  9.1 | 48.2 | 27.2 | 12.5 | 24.6
United Kingdom | 27.8 | 10.3 | 41.2 | 63.7 | 63.1 | 23.4 | 20.2
Denmark | 19.3 |  7.1 | 34.9 | 58.2 | 32.4 | 12.0 | 17.3
Germany | 13.9 |  5.1 | 12.5 | 55.4 | 45.6 |  6.7 |   ..
Spain | 13.1 |  4.8 | 22.4 | 56.5 | 42.9 | 10.6 |  7.5
France |  8.8 |  3.3 | 28.1 | 67.0 | 59.3 | 11.5 |  8.0
Australia |  7.7 |  2.9 | 19.9 | 55.6 | 44.8 | 12.5 |  6.1
Switzerland |  7.3 |  2.7 | 31.8 | 53.6 | 67.4 | 11.6 |  6.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Sweden living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 70.0 | 58.7 |  63.6 | 74.2 | 66.3 |  69.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.3 |  7.6 |   7.5 |  6.4 |  6.9 |   6.7
Participation rate (%) | 75.6 | 63.5 |  68.8 | 79.3 | 71.2 |  74.9
Total employed (thousands) | 53.9 | 58.8 | 112.7 | 72.5 | 79.0 | 151.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 84.2 | 68.5 |  75.4 | 86.1 | 74.9 |  79.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.3 |  4.7 |   4.0 |  4.0 |  5.2 |   4.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  23.0 |   .. |   .. |  21.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 25.2 | 26.6 |  51.8 | 36.9 | 44.2 |  81.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  52.3 | 60.8 | 54.0 |  57.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   6.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   7.7
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  42.9 | 35.3 | 42.4 |  39.8
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   4.7 |  3.9 |  3.6 |   3.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  28.5 | +18.0 | Norway |  9.3 | +201.9
United Kingdom |  17.5 | +85.8 | Finland |  8.2 |   -9.4
Norway |  14.4 | +69.9 | Denmark |  3.7 |   -4.8
Finland |   8.0 | +74.9 | United States |  3.3 |  -42.7
Germany |   6.3 |    .. | United Kingdom |  3.2 |  +48.0
Total | 116.9 | +56.3 | Total | 38.7 |   +6.2

International students from Sweden in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  3 296 |  3 088 |  3 803
United Kingdom |  3 194 |  3 159 |  3 418
Denmark |    880 |  1 952 |  2 166
Norway |  1 290 |  1 388 |  1 676
Poland |    725 |    943 |  1 166
Total | 13 366 | 14 821 | 16 739

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): NOR (5 728, 8%), GBR (3 000, 0%), DEU (2 615, 0%), ESP (1 871, 0%), JPN (982, 0%), USA (968, 0%), CHE (802, 0%), NLD (778, 0%), FIN (593, 2%), AUS (425, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 13 | 28 | 12 | 16 | 16
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: Spain (15%), United States (15%), United Kingdom (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270256

Switzerland

Total population 2013 (millions) | 8.1 |  |  | Switzerland compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 3/187 | 3/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 84 748 |  |  | GDP per capita | 5/209 | 3/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 79/203 | 10/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 57/144 | 9/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Switzerland living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 255.8 | 280.1 | 535.9 | 240.0 | 271.5 | 511.5 | .. | .. | .. | 431.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  22.8 |  22.7 |  45.4 | .. | .. | .. |  31.5
15-24 (%) |  12.2 |  11.2 |  11.7 |  12.4 |  11.0 |  11.6 | .. | .. | .. |  13.5
25-64 (%) |  76.2 |  73.9 |  75.0 |  76.3 |  74.1 |  75.1 | .. | .. | .. |  73.9
65+ (%) |  11.5 |  15.0 |  13.3 |  11.3 |  14.9 |  13.2 | .. | .. | .. |  12.6
Low educated (%) |  26.2 |  26.8 |  26.5 |  26.7 |  26.7 |  26.7 | .. | .. | .. |  34.8
Highly educated (%) |  32.9 |  30.6 |  31.7 |  32.3 |  30.7 |  31.4 | .. | .. | .. |  24.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   7.3 |   7.7 |   7.5 |   6.8 |   7.4 |   7.2 | .. | .. | .. |   6.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  10.4 |  17.4 |  13.1 |   9.8 |  17.0 |  12.5 | .. | .. | .. |   9.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Italy | 185.3 | 34.6 |  2.7 | 54.0 | 12.6 |  5.7 | 180.2
France |  73.6 | 13.7 | 16.6 | 55.8 | 33.2 | 13.8 |  64.0
Spain |  58.9 | 11.0 |  7.3 | 49.8 | 39.0 | 15.6 |  43.5
United States |  44.6 |  8.3 | 11.8 | 51.6 | 58.9 |  9.9 |  44.9
Germany |  35.1 |  6.6 | 22.6 | 55.5 | 42.7 |  8.3 |  11.9
Canada |  19.4 |  3.6 |  6.6 | 46.9 | 58.7 |  9.1 |  20.1
United Kingdom |  17.5 |  3.3 | 29.9 | 59.2 | 58.8 | 18.3 |  14.0
Austria |  12.8 |  2.4 | 14.4 | 53.1 | 25.6 |  4.7 |  10.5
Portugal |  11.7 |  2.2 |  2.0 | 50.5 | 14.2 | 74.3 |   3.4
Australia |  11.0 |  2.1 | 10.6 | 48.4 | 41.8 |  8.0 |   9.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Switzerland living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  71.7 | 49.7 |  60.1 |  74.6 |  58.6 |  66.3
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.3 | 13.1 |  10.5 |   8.7 |  12.0 |  10.3
Participation rate (%) |  78.2 | 57.2 |  67.2 |  81.7 |  66.6 |  73.8
Total employed (thousands) | 125.1 | 95.7 | 220.9 | 157.9 | 134.6 | 292.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  79.0 | 63.7 |  71.1 |  85.4 |  72.7 |  78.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.0 |  7.8 |   6.3 |   5.2 |   8.8 |   7.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  25.2 |    .. |    .. |  26.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  33.7 | 28.9 |  62.6 |  56.0 |  52.6 | 108.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  41.5 |  40.9 |  40.6 |  42.7
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   8.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  49.9 |  50.3 |  48.2 |  48.5
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   8.6 |   8.8 |  11.2 |   8.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  26.3 |   +7.1 | Italy |  71.1 |  -17.6
France |  24.5 |  +47.8 | France |  19.3 |  -13.4
Italy |  23.3 |  +57.9 | Spain |  17.9 |   -2.6
Spain |  23.0 |  +73.1 | Portugal |   6.0 | +168.3
Germany |  15.0 | +186.9 | United States |   3.7 |  -22.4
Total | 159.2 |  +52.6 | Total | 135.3 |   -8.8

International students from Switzerland in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 1 892 |  2 260 |  2 664
Germany | 1 637 |  1 882 |  2 136
France | 1 613 |  1 770 |  1 889
United States | 1 297 |  1 273 |  1 319
Italy | 1 143 |    823 |    851
Total | 9 533 | 10 604 | 11 447

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (4 096, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), ESP (971, 0%), AUT (645, 0%), USA (635, 0%), CAN (405, 0%), JPN (377, 0%), NLD (363, 0%), ITA (350, 0%), AUS (271, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 9 | 21 | 10 | 12 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Three main desired countries of destination: France (14%), Canada (9%), United States (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269985

Turkey

Total population 2013 (millions) | 74.9 |  |  | Turkey compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 69/187 | 33/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 10 972 |  |  | GDP per capita | 66/209 | 33/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 99/203 | 19/34
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 2.56 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 124/144 | 29/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 26%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Turkey living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 380.8 | 1 263.7 | 2 644.5 | 1 364.8 | 1 258.4 | 2 623.3 | .. | .. | .. | 2 113.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |    98.7 |    83.6 |   182.3 | .. | .. | .. |   105.3
15-24 (%) |     6.6 |     7.3 |     7.0 |     6.5 |     7.3 |     6.9 | .. | .. | .. |    10.0
25-64 (%) |    82.1 |    82.3 |    82.2 |    82.1 |    82.4 |    82.3 | .. | .. | .. |    80.7
65+ (%) |    11.3 |    10.4 |    10.9 |    11.4 |    10.4 |    10.9 | .. | .. | .. |     9.3
Low educated (%) |    57.7 |    71.5 |    64.3 |    58.1 |    71.6 |    64.6 | .. | .. | .. |    70.7
Highly educated (%) |    12.0 |     8.9 |    10.5 |    11.8 |     8.9 |    10.4 | .. | .. | .. |     7.0
Total emigration rates (%) |     5.1 |     4.5 |     4.8 |     5.0 |     4.5 |     4.7 | .. | .. | .. |     4.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     4.1 |     4.0 |     4.0 |     4.0 |     3.9 |     4.0 | .. | .. | .. |     3.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 1 473.1 | 55.7 |  3.2 | 48.6 |  5.6 |  4.8 | 1 188.0
France |   239.6 |  9.1 | 12.1 | 46.6 |  8.1 | 11.0 |   167.3
Netherlands |   169.8 |  6.4 |  5.2 | 48.9 | 10.5 |  3.9 |   158.7
Austria |   155.5 |  5.9 |  7.7 | 47.0 |  3.8 | 13.7 |   113.1
United States |   108.5 |  4.1 | 17.1 | 45.2 | 54.4 | 10.3 |    84.1
Belgium |    94.3 |  3.6 | 16.5 | 48.0 |  4.7 |  9.2 |    68.1
United Kingdom |    89.2 |  3.4 | 23.1 | 44.3 | 34.3 | 13.1 |    48.1
Switzerland |    65.8 |  2.5 | 15.8 | 50.5 | 11.6 |  9.6 |    54.9
Sweden |    40.3 |  1.5 | 22.2 | 45.2 | 12.2 |  9.4 |    31.7
Greece |    34.4 |  1.3 |  3.4 | 55.9 | 14.7 |  1.0 |    76.3

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Turkey living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  65.6 |  35.4 |    51.3 |  70.4 |  38.2 |    54.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  18.1 |  21.9 |    19.4 |  12.9 |  15.9 |    13.9
Participation rate (%) |  80.1 |  45.3 |    63.6 |  80.9 |  45.4 |    63.8
Total employed (thousands) | 687.2 | 336.0 | 1 023.2 | 851.3 | 430.1 | 1 281.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  85.5 |  69.0 |    79.9 |  81.1 |  60.8 |    72.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.6 |   6.4 |     5.1 |   7.4 |   9.4 |     8.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |    25.9 |    .. |    .. |    30.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  70.2 |  29.3 |    99.5 | 118.6 |  63.4 |   182.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    12.0 |  20.2 |  21.0 |    19.7
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |    .. |     6.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |    .. |    .. |     7.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    63.3 |  62.6 |  38.9 |    56.1
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    24.7 |  17.2 |  40.1 |    24.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany |  82.2 |  +92.7 | Germany | 1 030.6 | +15.9
United States |  59.1 |  +53.4 | France |   169.1 | +37.1
United Kingdom |  30.6 | +197.9 | Austria |   111.0 | +21.6
France |  19.4 | +108.2 | Netherlands |    99.9 | -16.7
Netherlands |  17.7 | +117.3 | Belgium |    50.4 | +19.5
Total | 266.9 |  +85.9 | Total | 1 656.1 | +13.7

International students from Turkey in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 12 043 | 12 287 | 11 597
Germany |  6 408 |  6 082 |  5 322
Austria |  2 346 |  2 915 |  3 516
United Kingdom |  2 370 |  3 096 |  3 320
France |  2 270 |  2 282 |  2 484
Total | 28 607 | 31 488 | 32 777

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (26 150, 2%), FRA (6 146, 3%), USA (4 162, 0%), AUT (4 088, 3%), NLD (3 190, 2%), BEL (2 057, 1%), CAN (1 820, 0%), SWE (1 793, 2%), CHE (1 637, 1%), POL (1 340, 2%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 9 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 11
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 38
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (20%), United States (12%), France (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270269

United Kingdom

Total population 2013 (millions) | 64.1 |  |  | United Kingdom compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 14/187 | 13/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 41 781 |  |  | GDP per capita | 23/209 | 18/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 82/203 | 12/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 64/144 | 12/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 17% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the United Kingdom living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 974.9 | 1 942.0 | 3 916.8 | 1 841.9 | 1 857.1 | 3 699.0 | .. | .. | .. | 3 258.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   219.9 |   178.2 |   398.0 | .. | .. | .. |   305.6
15-24 (%) |     6.7 |     6.1 |     6.4 |     6.8 |     6.0 |     6.4 | .. | .. | .. |     5.6
25-64 (%) |    68.2 |    64.3 |    66.3 |    67.9 |    64.1 |    66.0 | .. | .. | .. |    71.4
65+ (%) |    25.1 |    29.6 |    27.3 |    25.3 |    29.9 |    27.6 | .. | .. | .. |    22.9
Low educated (%) |    17.5 |    21.7 |    19.6 |    18.1 |    22.0 |    20.0 | .. | .. | .. |    26.8
Highly educated (%) |    43.6 |    39.3 |    41.5 |    43.1 |    39.4 |    41.3 | .. | .. | .. |    34.8
Total emigration rates (%) |     7.2 |     6.9 |     7.0 |     6.7 |     6.6 |     6.7 | .. | .. | .. |     6.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    15.5 |     9.5 |    12.0 |    14.6 |     9.2 |    11.4 | .. | .. | .. |    12.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Australia | 1 045.6 | 26.7 |  8.8 | 49.6 | 31.4 |  4.5 | 1 007.7
United States |   798.0 | 20.4 |  8.0 | 53.2 | 46.8 |  7.7 |   757.0
Canada |   543.9 | 13.9 |  4.8 | 51.8 | 53.0 |  3.1 |   612.3
Spain |   280.5 |  7.2 | 24.9 | 49.5 | 28.4 |  5.4 |    97.6
Ireland |   257.5 |  6.6 | 15.6 | 50.8 | 32.7 | 14.2 |   207.4
New Zealand |   236.6 |  6.0 | 10.9 | 49.8 | 35.6 |  7.8 |   207.7
France |   148.4 |  3.8 | 36.6 | 50.6 | 46.3 |  7.9 |    76.4
Germany |    97.9 |  2.5 | 15.2 | 33.3 | 44.5 |  5.8 |    42.5
South Africa |    80.3 |  2.0 |   .. | 41.4 | 21.1 |  2.7 |   125.5
Italy |    53.8 |  1.4 | 10.9 | 60.4 | 27.9 |  5.4 |    47.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the United Kingdom living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  78.3 |  61.5 |    69.9 |    75.3 |  62.6 |    69.1
Unemployment rate (%) |   5.5 |   5.2 |     5.4 |     7.9 |   8.0 |     7.9
Participation rate (%) |  82.8 |  64.8 |    73.8 |    81.8 |  68.0 |    75.1
Total employed (thousands) | 974.1 | 767.2 | 1 741.3 | 1 029.6 | 810.9 | 1 840.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  86.8 |  73.7 |    80.6 |    84.7 |  73.8 |    79.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.1 |   3.4 |     3.2 |     4.6 |   5.3 |     4.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |    23.3 |      .. |    .. |    22.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 427.9 | 330.5 |   758.5 |   532.0 | 430.0 |   962.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    51.3 |    56.8 |  53.8 |    56.5
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |    .. |     8.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |    .. |    11.9
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |    43.9 |    39.1 |  42.8 |    39.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |     4.9 |     4.0 |   3.4 |     3.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |   373.5 | +21.0 | Australia | 215.5 |  -42.6
Australia |   328.0 | +49.6 | Spain | 125.4 | +155.9
Canada |   288.2 | +16.1 | Ireland |  70.7 |   -3.7
New Zealand |    84.2 | +35.1 | United States |  69.7 |  -17.0
Ireland |    84.1 | +24.1 | New Zealand |  63.2 |  +66.9
Total | 1 470.6 | +35.9 | Total | 712.8 |  -14.6

International students from the United Kingdom in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  8 376 |  8 783 |  8 897
France |  2 519 |  2 704 |  3 186
Ireland |  1 421 |  1 804 |  2 062
Australia |  1 696 |  1 661 |  1 408
Germany |  1 046 |  1 229 |  1 285
Total | 19 898 | 21 869 | 23 598

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): AUS (27 007, 11%), ESP (17 344, 5%), USA (12 014, 1%), DEU (10 466, 1%), CAN (6 365, 2%), NZL (5 609, 14%), JPN (5 504, 1%), NLD (4 704, 4%), CHE (4 445, 3%), IRL (2 200, 7%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 26 | 44 | 31 | 32 | 29
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 34
Three main desired countries of destination: Australia (21%), United States (16%), Canada (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270071

United States

Total population 2013 (millions) | 316.1 |  |  | United States compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 5/187 | 5/34
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 53 042 |  |  | GDP per capita | 10/209 | 7/34
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 189/203 | 34/34
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 144/144 | 34/34
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 20%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 14% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the United States living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 774.9 | 792.3 | 1 567.2 | 579.7 | 617.4 | 1 197.1 | .. | .. | .. | 887.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  94.3 |  97.4 |   191.7 | .. | .. | .. | 116.5
15-24 (%) |  21.6 |  21.9 |    21.8 |  21.6 |  21.3 |    21.5 | .. | .. | .. |  17.2
25-64 (%) |  67.1 |  67.3 |    67.2 |  66.6 |  66.6 |    66.6 | .. | .. | .. |  68.2
65+ (%) |  11.4 |  10.8 |    11.1 |  11.8 |  12.1 |    11.9 | .. | .. | .. |  14.7
Low educated (%) |  20.0 |  18.7 |    19.3 |  20.6 |  18.7 |    19.6 | .. | .. | .. |  19.9
Highly educated (%) |  48.1 |  49.1 |    48.6 |  49.9 |  52.6 |    51.3 | .. | .. | .. |  49.3
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.6 |   0.6 |     0.6 |   0.5 |   0.5 |     0.5 | .. | .. | .. |   0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   0.6 |   0.6 |     0.6 |   0.4 |   0.5 |     0.5 | .. | .. | .. |   0.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Canada | 261.5 | 16.7 | 10.5 | 55.7 | 59.6 | 10.7 | 246.4
Mexico | 218.3 | 13.9 | 22.0 | 49.2 | 15.2 | 50.9 | 107.8
Puerto Rico | 184.3 | 11.8 |   .. | 55.3 | 22.0 | 23.7 | 183.7
United Kingdom | 163.5 | 10.4 | 42.7 | 54.8 | 66.5 | 18.1 | 126.5
Germany |  93.4 |  6.0 | 19.8 | 42.4 | 53.1 | 10.6 |  39.1
Australia |  65.2 |  4.2 | 23.4 | 50.6 | 58.7 | 13.7 |  45.7
Israel |  57.7 |  3.7 | 13.1 | 54.7 | 61.1 | 19.4 |  39.7
Italy |  43.5 |  2.8 | 11.6 | 59.2 | 35.5 |  8.8 |  45.4
France |  40.5 |  2.6 | 28.3 | 56.2 | 67.2 | 19.7 |  32.3
Thailand |  34.1 |  2.2 |   .. | 19.2 | 70.2 |  1.4 |   4.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the United States living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  73.2 |  55.6 |  64.2 |  67.7 |  54.4 |  60.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   5.1 |   6.5 |   5.7 |   7.9 |   7.8 |   7.9
Participation rate (%) |  77.1 |  59.5 |  68.1 |  73.5 |  59.1 |  66.1
Total employed (thousands) | 262.4 | 210.9 | 473.4 | 340.9 | 292.1 | 633.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  85.1 |  67.7 |  75.9 |  81.7 |  68.7 |  74.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.3 |   4.5 |   3.9 |   5.0 |   6.3 |   5.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  18.0 |    .. |    .. |  19.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 150.5 | 135.1 | 285.6 | 197.5 | 193.3 | 390.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  62.9 |  60.4 |  61.8 |  62.4
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   3.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  32.7 |  33.5 |  34.0 |  32.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   4.3 |   6.1 |   4.3 |   5.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Canada | 155.8 |  +25.6 | Mexico | 112.1 | +150.2
United Kingdom | 108.7 |  +56.3 | Canada |  26.3 |  -41.6
Germany |  49.6 | +137.7 | United Kingdom |  21.1 |  +29.9
Australia |  38.2 |  +64.1 | Germany |  12.0 |     ..
Israel |  35.3 |  +41.7 | Italy |  11.2 |  -36.3
Total | 596.0 |  +42.5 | Total | 227.8 |  +35.1

International students from the United States in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 13 895 | 13 855 | 14 810
Canada |  8 310 |  7 080 |  7 437
France |  3 228 |  3 435 |  3 872
Germany |  2 871 |  3 471 |  3 843
Australia |  3 055 |  3 018 |  2 849
Total | 43 862 | 43 599 | 46 255

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): KOR (28 866, 9%), JPN (20 985, 6%), DEU (19 563, 2%), CAN (9 415, 3%), ESP (5 508, 1%), MEX (4 165, 21%), NLD (3 715, 3%), CHE (3 475, 2%), CHL (3 451, 3%), FRA (3 402, 2%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 10 | 20 | 9 | 10 | 10
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  4
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 23
Three main desired countries of destination: Canada (11%), United Kingdom (8%), Germany (5%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270275

Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia

Chapter 5.

Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia: Diaspora profile¹

This chapter looks at recent migration flows and diasporas from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries to the OECD area. It shows that in 2012 about 800 000 new migrants from these countries settled in OECD countries, representing a twofold increase in comparison with these flows in the early 2000s. In 2010/11 there were 15 million emigrants, 15 years old and above, from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia in OECD countries. More than a quarter of these migrants are highly educated and represent 3.4% of all highly educated persons in their countries of origin. Labour market outcomes of migrants from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia have improved substantially over the past decade, especially for women. However, overqualification remains a challenge.

This chapter also contains one regional note and 14 country notes for Albania, Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan and Ukraine.

Key findings

Migration from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia to the OECD involved 15.1 million persons in 2010/11. The stock of emigrants from the region amounts to 14% of all immigrants in the OECD countries. The top OECD destination is Germany which hosts 4 million migrants from this group of countries.

Close to 800 000 persons from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia migrated to OECD countries in 2012, twice the size of migrant flows from the region back in 2000. Migration flows to the OECD have been increasing throughout the 2000s, especially following the accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union in 2007.

Migrants from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia to the OECD are predominantly women, of working age, with primary or secondary education, and have been abroad for more than five years. These diasporas are, on average, becoming younger, more educated and more feminised over time.

Close to 4 million migrants from the region had higher education in 2010/11, up by 72% since 2000/01. Women are over-represented among highly educated migrants from the region, representing 59% of all highly educated migrants.

Non-OECD European countries and Central Asian countries are characterised by important intra-regional migration. In 2010/11, about 15 million persons had migrated within the “region”. The vast majority of them were found in the Russian Federation, while other large migrant communities were also present in Kazakhstan and Belarus.

Migrants from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia to the OECD fare well in the labour markets of their host countries relative to migrants of different origins. However, overqualification remains a challenge for the highly educated migrants from these countries.

A challenge for these countries is that one quarter of their young population are considering moving permanently abroad, an indication of possible large emigration flows in the coming years. Potential top destinations are mainly OECD countries, notably Germany and the United States.

1. Regional context

Non-OECD European and Central Asian countries were all socialist states until the late 1980s or early 1990s. In spite of that common part, they are currently entangled in a number of distinct, yet partly overlapping, regional clusters which form a complex system of economic opportunities for migration. The similarities and discrepancies are visible in macroeconomic indicators. GDP per capita shows a major inter- and intra-regional divide. On the one hand, the GDP per capita of the region (USD 14 400) is almost one third of that of the OECD (current international USD 38 000, 2013). This fact, together with the favourable relative macroeconomic performance of the Russian Federation, highlights the economic opportunities for migration within this “region” and towards the OECD countries. Although OECD countries are potentially very attractive destinations in economic terms, existing migration policies restricting entry may discourage potential flows, redirecting them to countries in relatively good economic standing which have a liberal migration regime, such as the Russian Federation for CIS member states.

Additional factors determining migration are the declining poverty in the region and demographic conditions. The poverty rate (USD 2 per day PPP) decreased from 7.4% in 2000 to 1.6% in 2013. Given that it is not often the poorest who usually emigrate, this leads to an increase in the pool of people who may afford to leave. Demographic trends differ between the various countries covered in this chapter. Three European Union member states, Bulgaria, Croatia and Latvia, have experienced declines in the working-age population between 2000 and 2013. In Lithuania and Romania the increase was small – 3 and 1.8 percentage points, respectively. The highest increases in the shares of migrants of working age were exhibited by Albania, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Tajikistan (all between 5 and 7 percentage points). However, there are sharp differences among countries in the region. Kazakhstan, Serbia, the Russian Federation and Ukraine experience declines in working-age population similar to those exhibited by some European Union member states. This indicates that if current population trends continue, various countries of the region will either start competing over immigrants to support the structure of their labour force, or they will make attempts to encourage return of the relatively young members of their Diasporas. Either way, the countries of non-OECD Europe and Central Asia are and will be the space of critical population and development processes. Depending on their size and composition, the diasporas of the different countries may be key players in determining development.

2. Migrant flows and stocks

Migration flows from the region to OECD countries amounted to about 800 000 persons in 2012. This constitutes a twofold increase in comparison with the early 2000s (Figure 5.1).

Figure 5.1. Outflows to the OECD from main origin countries and from the region, 2000-12

Source: OECD International Migration Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269376

The 2007 peak coincides with intense emigration form Romania in the aftermath of the country’s accession to the European Union in January 2007. Notably, around 2009, the migration flows returned to pre-accession levels, as a result of at least two mechanisms. First, by that time the emigration potential had most likely been reached with most of those who had a high propensity to emigrate having already left. Second, the global financial crisis of 2008 lowered the attractiveness of the OECD countries which were mostly affected.

Outflows to the OECD averaged 700 000 migrants per year in the 2000-12 period. These large migrant flows contributed to an increase of the migrant stock by over 5 million persons – from 9.5 million in 2000/01 to 14.6 million in 2010/11. This is associated with a 1.6 percentage point increase in the emigration rate from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries to OECD countries, from 3.1% to 4.7% in ten years.

With over 15 million emigrants, non-OECD European and Central Asian countries account for 14% of all migrants in OECD countries. If one excludes intra-OECD mobility, this share goes up to 24%. The various national migrant communities differ, though, in terms of their integration in the economies and societies of the destination countries. Some have rather established diasporas with a vast majority (> 90%) of the emigrant population living in the destination countries for more than five years, e.g. Kazakhstan, Croatia, the Russian Federation, Serbia. Others are composed to a greater extent of newcomers (nearly 50%), e.g. Latvia, Lithuania. Interestingly, the composition of diasporas in terms of their length of stay has visibly changed over the first decade of the 20th century. While the Latvian, Lithuanian, Kyrgyz, Tajik and Romanian diasporas are composed of relatively more recent migrants in 2010/11 in comparison with 2000/01, the other countries of the region have more long-standing emigrants in 2010/11 versus 2000/01, exhibiting relatively lower migration dynamics in the past decade. Importantly, the data do not capture short-term, circular migrants which remain a critical category of foreigners in some OECD destinations but are not well captured by relevant registers or censuses and hence are excluded from the pool of recent migrants. For example, in 2013, Poland had just under 50 000 residence permits registered for Ukrainian nationals, while in the same year 150 000-180 000 visas were additionally issued for temporary workers from Ukraine.

Migration within the group of non-OECD European and Central Asian countries is also very important. In 2010/11, there were 15 million “intra-regional” migrants, as many as those from the region residing in OECD countries. However, this evidence should be taken with caution because migrants are defined on the basis of their country of birth and hence they may be less accurate in the case of the former Soviet Union.

3. The countries concerned

Countries of origin

Emigration from Romania has been the main driver of changes in migration flows from the region to OECD countries in the past ten years (Figure 5.2). The second largest country of origin is Bulgaria, followed by the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Romania became a major sending country between 2000 and 2006, while Bulgaria reached its current position among the important emigration countries between 2006 and 2012. An increase in emigration following accession to the European Union is also visible for Lithuania and Latvia, though these flows are not as large in scale as they are in relative terms. Flows from Albania dropped strongly between 2006 and 2012 because of the global financial crisis which hit the most important destinations and especially Greece.

Figure 5.2. Migrant flows to the OECD by country of origin, 2000, 2006 and 2012

Source: OECD International Migration Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269384

Ordered from highest to lowest in 2010/11, the countries with the largest diasporas of persons aged 15 and above in OECD countries in absolute terms are Romania (2.7 million), the Russian Federation (2.4 million), Ukraine (1.7 million) and Kazakhstan (1 million) (Figure 5.3).

Figure 5.3. Emigrant population living in OECD countries and emigration rate by country of origin, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269396

When the population size of the country of origin is accounted for, the countries with the highest emigration rates are Albania (28%) and Croatia (14%), followed by Romania (12%), Bulgaria (11%) and Lithuania (11%).

Countries of destination

OECD destination countries for emigrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries are the same in 2000/01 and in 2010/11, though major changes in terms of their relative importance have taken place. In 2000/01, Germany, the leading destination for emigrants from the “region”, hosted nearly 2.4 million. The United States, Israel, Turkey, Greece and Poland followed. In 2010/11 Germany remained the top destination country with 4 million migrants from the “region”, while Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom joined the leading host countries.

Migrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries constitute the visibly highest shares of all immigrants in Israel – 21.1% and 16.9% in 2000/01 and 2010/11, respectively (Figure 5.4). Estonia shows nearly identical shares of migrants form these countries in both years – 21.5% and 17.2%, respectively. These are mostly nationals of the Russian Federation or the Former Soviet Union (OECD, 2013). Slovenia also hosts a relatively large number (10.8% in 2010/11) of immigrants from the region, predominantly citizens of Balkan states. In 2010/11, Greece, Austria and Switzerland also hosted relatively many migrants from the non-OECD European and Central Asian countries.

Figure 5.4. Main OECD destination countries, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269408

Intra-regional migration

Among the major “intra-regional” (i.e. within the group of non-OECD European and Central Asian countries) origin and destination countries a clearly dominant migrant magnet is the Russian Federation which hosts 10.7 million migrants of all ages from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries in 2010/11 (Figure 5.5). This feature stems from the important size of the Russian economy, but also from the historical importance of the Russian Federation in the region. Next among the top ten receiving countries, Kazakhstan and Belarus, record much lower numbers: 1.5 million and 881 000 migrants from other non-OECD European and Central Asian countries, respectively. The main countries of origin are Ukraine (3.3 million persons), Kazakhstan (2.6 million) and the Russian Federation (1.6 million).

Figure 5.5. Main origin and destination countries for intra-regional migrants, 2010/11

Note: The population refers to the total population (all ages).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269410

4. The profile of emigrant populations

Migrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries to the OECD are predominantly women, of working age, with primary or secondary education, and have been abroad for more than five years.

The share of women among all migrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries stood at 55% in 2010/11. The female emigration rate is 5% from 3.5% in 2000/01 (Figure 5.6, Panel A). The feminisation of migration is driven by the major country of origin in the region, Romania, which sees many of its women emigrating to work in the care sectors of the Spanish and Italian economies. 800 000 more Romanian female emigrants resided in OECD countries in 2010/11 in comparison with 2000/01. A similar pattern pertains to emigration from Ukraine. 400 000 additional female migrants from the region were found in OECD countries in 2010/11 in comparison with 2000/01.

Figure 5.6. Number of emigrants and emigration rates by gender, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to the population aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269433

Women are also more numerous than men when “intra-regional” migrants are considered (53% of all “intra-regional” migrants are women). Relatively few women emigrate from Tajikistan (41%), while the country with the highest share of female emigrants is the Russian Federation (61%, followed closely by Albania with 60%, Figure 5.6, Panel B).

In terms of the age structure of emigrants from the region, the OECD countries attract mainly persons of working-age. The share of migrants aged 15-64 increased from 80% in 2000/01 to 85% in 2010/11. At the same time the share of youth in the migrant population remained constant at 13%, hence it is the relatively higher proportion of people of working age which accounts for this change. The fact that rather younger people emigrate can be attributed to the specificity of the considered sending countries in terms of their stage in the transition process – with slow labour market restructuring, an educational boom and resulting difficulties for younger people findings jobs at home, migration constitutes an attractive alternative to economic activity in the home country.

An exception is Croatia which experienced a nearly 10 percentage point decrease in the share of emigrants aged 25-64 compensated by a nearly equal increase in the share of migrants of retirement age (65+). This finding reflects the ageing of previous migrant cohorts.

When comparing emigrants from the region to OECD countries with those who migrate within the “region”, the age profiles do not differ significantly nowadays. Intra-regional migrants are also predominantly of working age. Across the countries of the region the average share of migrants aged 15-64 is nearly 80% but important differences exist across countries. Only 58% of intra-regional migrants from Bulgaria are of working age, while this share is 91% for intra-regional migrants from Latvia.

Overall, emigrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries are better educated in 2010/11 relative to 2000/01 (Table 5.1). In 2010/11 over 3.8 million migrants (27% of total) from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries to the OECD had higher education (ISCED 5A/5B/6). In 2000/01, this count amounted to 2.2 million (23% of total), hence an increase of 72% between 2000/01 and 2010/11. In the 25-64 age group, highly educated migrants account for 30% in 2010/11. Among male migrants, the proportion of the highly educated is 4 percentage points lower than among women, 25% and 29% respectively. Among the highly educated, women constitute a sound majority of 59%. When compared with 2000/01, their share grew by 6 percentage points. In addition, more and more highly educated migrants tend to stay in the OECD for longer periods of time. In 2000/01 every fourth highly educated migrant from the region was staying in the host country for less than five years. In 2010/11 this share went down to 18%.

Table 5.1. Shares of highly educated migrants, 2000/01 and 2010/11
| “Intra-regional” | OECD destinations
| 2000/01 | 2010/11 | 2000/01 | 2010/11
% highly educated |  |  |  |
Among the women | 20.5% | 26.3% | 23.1% | 28.0%
Among the total | 21.0% | 25.5% | 23.1% | 26.3%
Emigration rates of the highly educated |  |  |  |
Among the women |  2.1% |  2.3% |  2.1% |  3.4%
Among the total |  2.4% |  2.4% |  2.2% |  3.4%
Note: The population refers to the population aged 15 and above. Both OECD destinations and non-OECD destinations are restricted to include only those with data available in both 2000/01 and 2010/11.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271278

The growth of the population of highly educated migrants is, at least partly, related to changes in the number of foreign students. In the past years, there have been rising inflows of this category of migrants from the region to the OECD (Figure 5.7). In 2012, a total of 259 400 students born in non-OECD European and Central Asian countries attended university in an OECD country. Between 2008 and 2012, this number increased by 28%. The Russian Federation and Romania are the top countries of origin with 38 400 and 32 200 students respectively in 2012, jointly representing 27% of all international students from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries. Ukraine, Bulgaria and Albania follow, with 25 660 (10%), 24 700 (10%) and 23 500 (9%) students respectively. The number of Lithuanian international students has doubled between 2008 and 2012, while that of Romanians and those from Ukraine increased by 53% and 42% respectively.

Figure 5.7. International students, by country of origin, 2008 and 2012

Source: OECD Education Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269446

In 2012, the top five destination countries for students from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries were the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Greece and France (Figure 5.8). The United States was the top destination for international students from the “region” in 2008, but was only sixth in 2012. In contrast, international students from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries in the United Kingdom grew by 71% between 2008 and 2012.

Figure 5.8. Main destinations countries for students from the region, 2008 and 2012

Source: OECD Education Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269457

5. Impact of emigration

The labour market outcomes of diasporas are among the most important indicators of integration in the destination as well as of their contribution to the host country. Emigrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries to the OECD fare, on average, similarly to migrants from other world regions. Their employment rate stood at 63% in 2010/11, same as for all foreign-born persons in the OECD and 5 percentage points below that of the native-born population. Their unemployment rate was 13.7% in 2010/11, 2 percentage points higher than in 2000/01 (Table 5.2). Overall, their participation rose substantially over the decade reaching 73% in 2010/11. The countries whose emigrants gained most in terms of labour market activity between 2000/01 and 2010/11 are Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine. Lithuanian migrants’ participation rate increased by a record 25 percentage points. At the same time, emigrants from countries such as Albania, Bulgaria and Romania experienced increased unemployment and decreased employment rates over the same period.

Table 5.2. Labour market outcomes of migrants from the region to the OECD, 2000/01 and 2010/11
|  | Unemployment rate | Employment rate | Participation rate
2000/01 | Total (%) | 11.7 | 59.0 | 66.8
Highly educated (%) |  9.1 | 70.8 | 77.8
Men (%) | 11.0 | 68.1 | 76.5
Women (%) | 12.7 | 50.2 | 57.5
2010/11 | Total (%) | 13.7 | 63.1 | 73.0
Change 2000-10 (percentage points) |  1.9 |  4.1 |  6.2
Highly educated (%) | 10.1 | 74.0 | 82.2
Change 2000-10 (percentage points) |  1.0 |  3.2 |  4.4
Men (%) | 13.4 | 69.5 | 80.2
Change 2000-10 (percentage points) |  2.4 |  1.3 |  3.7
Women (%) | 13.9 | 57.7 | 67.0
Change 2000-10 (percentage points) |  1.2 |  7.4 |  9.4
Note: These results are based on 31 OECD destinations for which data were available in the two years (Iceland and Turkey are excluded). The population refers to person aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271288

The general improvement in labour market outcomes of the migrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries is most visible for women. Their participation rate grew by 9 percentage points over the decade and reached 67% in 2010/11. Their employment rate also rose by 8 percentage points to 58%. This favourable situation for women from the region may be the response to the demand for labour in the destination countries particularly in sectors which are typically feminised. Between 2008 and 2012 and although the crisis was still ongoing in many OECD countries, the highest increase in employment in OECD countries has been exhibited specifically in domestic services.

Highly skilled migrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries have better job prospects than the medium-and low-skilled. This applies both to migrants in OECD destinations as well as those who migrate within the “region”. The participation rate of intra-regional migrants with tertiary levels of education in 2010/11 was 12 percentage points higher than of the medium-skilled, and 31 percentage points higher than that of the low-skilled. When it comes to highly skilled emigrants from the region to OECD countries, their participation rate was 82% in 2010/11 versus 77% for the medium-skilled and 63% for the low-skilled. The unemployment rate of the low-skilled reached 13% (3 percentage points higher than that of the highly skilled), while the medium-skilled experience an unemployment rate of 19%.

Although highly educated migrants from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries enjoy high participation rates and better employment outcomes than those with lower education levels, they still face the challenge of overqualification. 44% of the tertiary educated migrants from this group of countries in the OECD held positions which required a lower level of education than the one they possess, hence were overqualified for their jobs. Moreover, their overqualification rate increased by 3 percentage points between 2000/01 and 2010/11. This corresponds to 509 000 additional overqualified, highly educated migrant workers from non-OECD European and Central Asian countries to the OECD.

6. Future challenges

Non-OECD European and Central Asian countries are at the intersection of two major spheres of economic and political influences. With large differences among these countries in the level of socio-economic development on the one hand, and with a significant economic and development gap relative to OECD countries on the other hand, the region is likely to experience important emigration flows in the future. The Gallup World Poll Survey data which provide information on the intentions of people to emigrate, suggest that 17% of the population of this region are considering moving abroad permanently. Among the population aged 15 to 24, this figure reaches 28%. The potential top destination countries are Germany, where 17% of the people considering emigration would like to go, the United States (12%) and the Russian Federation (10%). Notably, this only concerns the intention to emigrate permanently. However, several times more individuals are likely to be willing to emigrate on a temporary basis. Early stages of the development process, despite being effective in decreasing differences between economies, may further increase the propensity to emigrate. Possible distortions to this pattern might emerge, though, as the region exhibits political tensions which are related to recognising and redefining territorial and ethnic belonging and as the ageing of the region’s population leads to labour market shortages.

References

OECD (2013), International Migration Outlook 2013, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/migr_outlook-2013-en.

Database references

Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/migration/dioc.htm.

Database on Immigrants in OECD and Non-OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/fr/migrations/dioc.htm.

OECD Education Database, www.oecd.org/education/database.htm.

OECD International Migration Database, https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MIG.

Note

 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Regional and country notes

Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia

Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia

Albania

Armenia

Bulgaria

Croatia

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Latvia

Lithuania

Moldova

Romania

Russian Federation

Serbia

Tajikistan

Ukraine

Non-OECD European countries and Central Asia

Total population (millions) | 342.0 |  |  |  |  |
Population growth (annual, in %) | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |
GDP per capita (current USD) | 9 744 |  |  |  |  |
GDP growth (annual, in %) | 3.1 |  |  |  |  |
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 2.33 |  |  |  |  |
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 18%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 12% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in non-OECD European countries or Central Asia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 13 849.0 | 16 043.8 | 29 892.8 | 6 863.8 | 8 225.8 | 15 089.6 | 6 955.0 | 7 783.4 | 14 738.4 | 9 586.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |       .. |       .. |       .. |   889.2 | 1 225.6 |  2 114.8 |      .. |      .. |       .. | 1 257.0
15-24 (%) |     13.4 |     11.2 |     12.2 |    14.6 |    12.4 |     13.4 |    12.1 |     9.9 |     10.9 |    13.3
25-64 (%) |     72.8 |     70.2 |     71.4 |    71.9 |    71.5 |     71.7 |    73.7 |    68.8 |     71.1 |    67.1
65+ (%) |     13.9 |     18.7 |     16.4 |    13.5 |    16.0 |     14.9 |    14.2 |    21.4 |     18.0 |    19.6
Low educated (%) |     22.9 |     25.5 |     24.3 |    31.4 |    33.0 |     32.3 |    14.7 |    17.7 |     16.3 |    39.7
Highly educated (%) |     24.0 |     26.4 |     25.3 |    24.1 |    28.0 |     26.3 |    23.9 |    24.8 |     24.4 |    23.1
Total emigration rates (%) |      9.3 |      9.6 |      9.5 |     4.7 |     5.0 |      4.9 |     5.0 |     5.1 |      5.1 |     3.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |      6.1 |      5.8 |      5.9 |     3.3 |     3.4 |      3.4 |     2.9 |     2.5 |      2.7 |     2.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 10 434.9 | 34.9 | 15.5 | 51.0 | 25.7 | 11.9 |      ..
Germany |  4 207.6 | 14.1 |  4.9 | 53.5 | 18.2 | 12.6 | 2 382.1
Italy |  1 708.4 |  5.7 | 31.3 | 60.1 | 11.8 | 16.5 |   406.1
United States |  1 642.1 |  5.5 |  8.9 | 54.4 | 47.6 | 14.8 | 1 224.5
Kazakhstan |  1 397.3 |  4.7 |   .. | 57.8 | 16.2 | 11.9 |      ..
Israel |    912.2 |  3.0 |  3.0 | 55.9 | 57.4 |  8.4 |   938.8
Spain |    902.2 |  3.0 | 34.7 | 51.2 | 19.3 | 18.2 |   123.5
Belarus |    865.8 |  2.9 |   .. | 55.8 | 28.0 |  8.4 |      ..
Greece |    786.2 |  2.6 | 18.0 | 53.7 | 13.4 | 16.7 |   611.8
Serbia |    753.3 |  2.5 |   .. | 56.3 | 20.4 |  6.3 |      ..

Labour market indicators of persons born in non-OECD European countries or Central Asia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment-population ratio (%) |    68.3 |    50.4 |    59.2 |    70.7 |    57.7 |    63.7
Unemployment rate (%) |    10.9 |    12.7 |    11.7 |    13.3 |    13.9 |    13.6
Participation rate (%) |    76.7 |    57.7 |    67.1 |    81.5 |    67.0 |    73.7
Total employed (thousands) | 2 786.1 | 2 131.0 | 4 917.1 | 4 121.5 | 3 939.6 | 8 061.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |    78.1 |    64.4 |    70.8 |    80.7 |    69.4 |    74.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |     7.8 |    10.4 |     9.1 |     9.1 |    10.7 |    10.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |      .. |      .. |    40.7 |      .. |      .. |    43.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |   671.8 |   631.4 | 1 303.2 | 1 068.8 | 1 352.6 | 2 421.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    34.3 |    35.6 |    27.0 |    22.9 |    27.5 |    25.2
Of which: Health professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    11.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |     7.1
Medium-skilled occupations |    59.7 |    55.6 |    55.2 |    60.2 |    45.5 |    53.2
Low-skilled occupations |     6.0 |     8.8 |    17.9 |    16.9 |    27.0 |    21.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01 | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01
United States |   781.8 |  54.3 | Germany | 1 419.6 |  46.1
Germany |   767.8 | 125.2 | Italy |   730.2 | 224.3
Israel |   523.3 |   4.5 | Spain |   371.9 | 434.7
Canada |   260.5 |  82.3 | Greece |   363.5 |  26.2
United Kingdom |   246.2 | 370.8 | United States |   232.8 | -11.7
Total | 3 857.7 |  78.8 | Total | 4 740.2 |  28.1

International students from non-OECD European countries or Central Asia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  22 872 |  32 063 |  39 082
Germany |  39 964 |  38 025 |  33 503
Italy |  22 024 |  25 729 |  29 639
Greece |  22 443 |  22 457 |  23 866
France |  16 074 |  17 173 |  18 135
Total | 202 872 | 233 012 | 259 435

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (301 671, 31%), ITA (131 287, 41%), ESP (61 055, 18%), USA (48 594, 4%), AUT (38 486, 30%), GBR (23 000, 6%), POL (20 779, 44%), BEL (19 445, 18%), KOR (17 229, 5%), NOR (14 233, 20%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 15 | 28 | 20 | 17 | 17
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 45
Three main countries of desired destination: Germany (17%), United States (12%), Russia (10%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270422

Albania

Total population 2013 (millions) | 2.9 |  |  | Albania compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 95/187 | 21/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 4 460 |  |  | GDP per capita | 103/209 | 17/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 25/203 | 5/29
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 3.03 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 13/144 | 2/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 21%; “15-64”: 69%; “65+”: 11% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Albania living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 501.4 | 454.1 | 955.5 | 499.1 | 451.8 | 950.9 |  0.5 |  0.8 |  1.3 | 524.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  73.0 |  92.0 | 165.0 |   .. |   .. |   .. | 265.8
15-24 (%) |  18.5 |  19.6 |  19.0 |  18.4 |  19.6 |  19.0 | 17.1 | 32.2 | 26.3 |  26.4
25-64 (%) |  76.5 |  74.4 |  75.5 |  76.5 |  74.5 |  75.6 | 61.7 | 54.1 | 57.1 |  69.7
65+ (%) |   5.1 |   6.0 |   5.5 |   5.1 |   5.9 |   5.5 | 21.2 | 13.7 | 16.6 |   3.9
Low educated (%) |  53.0 |  49.8 |  51.5 |  52.9 |  49.7 |  51.4 | 35.9 | 38.9 | 37.7 |  55.5
Highly educated (%) |   9.6 |  12.3 |  10.9 |   9.6 |  12.3 |  10.9 | 27.6 |  8.5 | 16.0 |   9.0
Total emigration rates (%) |  31.2 |  29.3 |  30.2 |  31.1 |  29.2 |  30.1 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  19.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  30.0 |  33.0 |  31.5 |  29.9 |  32.9 |  31.5 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  0.1 |  26.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Greece | 419.2 | 43.9 | 15.6 | 46.9 |  6.9 | 19.0 | 337.3
Italy | 368.2 | 38.5 | 20.0 | 48.3 |  7.8 | 20.0 | 135.1
United States |  71.1 |  7.4 | 12.0 | 48.7 | 30.3 | 17.2 |  32.5
Germany |  28.4 |  3.0 | 12.3 | 47.6 |  9.8 | 13.4 |    ..
United Kingdom |  13.0 |  1.4 | 37.6 | 35.6 | 34.1 | 18.3 |   1.9
Canada |  12.6 |  1.3 | 21.4 | 48.7 | 61.5 | 18.2 |   4.8
Belgium |   7.0 |  0.7 | 30.1 | 47.9 | 10.1 | 21.1 |   1.3
Turkey |   6.2 |  0.6 |  3.1 | 56.8 | 17.6 |   .. |   2.9
France |   5.5 |  0.6 | 28.6 | 49.4 | 27.7 | 22.8 |   2.2
Austria |   5.2 |  0.5 |  9.6 | 45.8 | 33.6 | 17.4 |   1.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Albania living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  82.1 |  38.2 |  64.5 |  69.7 |  38.5 |  54.9
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.2 |  16.2 |   9.5 |  18.1 |  22.8 |  19.7
Participation rate (%) |  88.5 |  45.6 |  71.3 |  85.1 |  49.8 |  68.4
Total employed (thousands) | 336.2 | 104.9 | 441.2 | 329.5 | 163.3 | 492.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  81.0 |  50.8 |  66.6 |  76.1 |  57.0 |  65.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   7.5 |  15.3 |  10.5 |  13.7 |  17.2 |  15.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  64.1 |    .. |    .. |  62.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  18.6 |  10.7 |  29.3 |  32.5 |  30.5 |  62.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   8.1 |   6.8 |  11.3 |   8.9
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   4.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   5.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  57.0 |  65.3 |  45.4 |  58.5
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  35.0 |  28.0 |  43.3 |  32.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Greece |  29.0 |  +32.8 | Greece | 235.2 |  +26.4
Italy |  28.8 | +173.4 | Italy | 205.1 | +151.6
United States |  21.5 | +168.2 | Germany |  13.1 |     ..
Canada |   7.8 | +207.3 | United States |  12.3 |  +39.7
United Kingdom |   4.4 | +898.7 | United Kingdom |   4.7 | +454.1
Total | 103.2 | +124.7 | Total | 485.7 |  +71.6

International students from Albania in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Italy | 11 787 | 12 234 | 12 045
Greece |  5 940 |  6 861 |  8 209
United States |    690 |    783 |    638
Turkey |    590 |    542 |    530
France |    437 |    506 |    466
Total | 20 707 | 22 505 | 23 517

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ITA (14 118, 4%), USA (3 364, 0%), DEU (2 234, 0%), CAN (555, 0%), FRA (430, 0%), ESP (270, 0%), BEL (256, 0%), AUT (250, 0%), SWE (226, 0%), AUS (153, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 37 | 56 | 41 | 39 | 39
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 68
Three main desired countries of destination: Italy (25%), United States (15%), Greece (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270298

Armenia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 3.0 |  |  | Armenia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 87/187 | 20/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 505 |  |  | GDP per capita | 118/209 | 21/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 36/203 | 9/29
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 15.50 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 18/144 | 5/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 20%; “15-64”: 69%; “65+”: 10% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Armenia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 346.9 | 295.4 | 642.2 | 68.4 | 79.8 | 148.3 | 277.9 | 215.0 | 492.9 | 82.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  8.3 | 11.2 |  19.5 |    .. |    .. |    .. | 17.7
15-24 (%) |  18.0 |  19.7 |  18.8 | 17.9 | 16.3 |  17.0 |  18.0 |  20.9 |  19.3 | 20.2
25-64 (%) |  76.0 |  73.0 |  74.6 | 75.4 | 76.0 |  75.7 |  76.2 |  71.9 |  74.3 | 72.0
65+ (%) |   6.0 |   7.3 |   6.6 |  6.8 |  7.7 |   7.3 |   5.8 |   7.2 |   6.4 |  7.8
Low educated (%) |  15.9 |  15.9 |  15.9 | 22.2 | 18.1 |  20.0 |  14.3 |  15.1 |  14.6 | 26.8
Highly educated (%) |  24.2 |  28.1 |  26.0 | 36.4 | 45.7 |  41.4 |  21.3 |  21.7 |  21.4 | 31.5
Total emigration rates (%) |  22.3 |  20.5 |  21.4 |  5.3 |  6.5 |   5.9 |  18.7 |  15.8 |  17.3 |  3.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  28.4 |  21.9 |  24.7 | 10.4 | 10.9 |  10.7 |  21.8 |  13.6 |  17.2 |  6.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 483.1 | 75.2 | 21.7 | 43.5 | 21.2 | 19.4 |   ..
United States |  79.6 | 12.4 |  6.3 | 54.0 | 46.5 | 14.8 | 56.4
France |  16.1 |  2.5 | 35.5 | 53.7 | 26.6 | 18.3 |  5.4
Greece |  14.4 |  2.2 | 11.7 | 56.1 | 22.4 | 16.1 |  7.7
Spain |  10.9 |  1.7 | 25.1 | 52.9 | 38.9 | 23.8 |  2.4
Belarus |   7.1 |  1.1 |   .. | 44.9 | 26.2 | 14.9 |   ..
Netherlands |   5.0 |  0.8 |  7.0 | 51.2 | 30.2 | 27.9 |   ..
Austria |   2.9 |  0.5 |  9.2 | 37.4 | 41.9 | 23.0 |  0.3
Israel |   2.8 |  0.4 |  2.0 | 72.9 | 61.8 | 12.4 |  2.4
Canada |   2.8 |  0.4 | 30.5 | 56.4 | 79.6 | 16.3 |  1.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Armenia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 60.3 | 44.4 | 52.2 | 57.9 | 50.9 | 54.2
Unemployment rate (%) | 14.1 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 22.3 | 19.4 | 20.8
Participation rate (%) | 70.2 | 52.7 | 61.3 | 74.5 | 63.2 | 68.4
Total employed (thousands) | 23.2 | 17.7 | 40.9 | 36.5 | 37.2 | 73.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 69.5 | 56.5 | 62.4 | 71.3 | 62.8 | 66.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 11.8 | 13.1 | 12.4 | 15.6 | 14.7 | 15.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 55.2 |   .. |   .. | 49.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  7.8 |  7.6 | 15.3 | 16.0 | 21.5 | 37.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 26.6 | 28.6 | 38.7 | 34.5
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 11.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 68.6 | 67.1 | 54.2 | 59.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.9 |  4.2 |  7.1 |  6.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 37.0 | +112.1 | United States |  8.9 |  -35.1
France |  4.3 | +192.1 | France |  6.9 | +202.4
Spain |  4.2 | +631.0 | Spain |  3.9 | +187.5
Greece |  3.2 | +101.0 | Greece |  3.9 |  +54.5
Canada |  2.2 | +146.4 | Netherlands |  1.8 |     ..
Total | 60.6 | +135.7 | Total | 29.2 |  +33.8

International students from Armenia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |   482 |   777 |   888
United States |   403 |   371 |   352
Germany |   291 |   311 |   347
Greece |   154 |   178 |   214
Poland |    88 |   122 |   153
Total | 1 756 | 2 332 | 2 683

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (2 681, 0%), POL (1 624, 3%), FRA (1 610, 1%), DEU (1 496, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), ESP (675, 0%), AUT (318, 0%), CAN (250, 0%), SWE (246, 0%), JPN (146, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 35 | 46 | 39 | 41 | 36
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 11
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 29
Three main desired countries of destination: Russia (30%), United States (17%), France (14%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270301

Bulgaria

Total population 2013 (millions) | 7.3 |  |  | Bulgaria compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 58/187 | 12/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 7 499 |  |  | GDP per capita | 79/209 | 12/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 64/203 | 21/29
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 3.92 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 43/144 | 13/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 14%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 19% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Bulgaria living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 374.9 | 435.6 | 810.5 | 359.8 | 417.1 | 776.9 | 14.1 | 17.2 | 31.3 | 625.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  73.5 |  92.9 | 166.3 |   .. |   .. |   .. |  67.1
15-24 (%) |  13.6 |  11.8 |  12.6 |  13.8 |  11.9 |  12.8 |  8.3 | 10.1 |  9.3 |  14.4
25-64 (%) |  76.8 |  77.3 |  77.1 |  77.5 |  78.6 |  78.1 | 58.1 | 48.2 | 52.6 |  67.5
65+ (%) |   9.7 |  10.8 |  10.3 |   8.7 |   9.6 |   9.2 | 33.6 | 41.7 | 38.1 |  18.1
Low educated (%) |  34.7 |  38.4 |  36.7 |  35.0 |  38.5 |  36.9 | 28.8 | 37.9 | 33.8 |  52.8
Highly educated (%) |  23.6 |  27.8 |  25.9 |  23.8 |  28.1 |  26.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | 19.7 |  14.2
Total emigration rates (%) |  10.7 |  11.7 |  11.2 |  10.3 |  11.3 |  10.8 |  0.4 |  0.5 |  0.5 |   8.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  16.4 |  14.6 |  15.3 |  15.9 |  14.2 |  14.9 |  0.6 |  0.5 |  0.5 |   7.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Turkey | 262.3 | 32.4 |  0.5 | 51.7 | 13.0 |  6.5 | 452.1
Spain | 112.0 | 13.8 | 26.4 | 48.7 | 22.0 | 18.3 |  23.7
Greece |  70.1 |  8.6 | 37.8 | 64.4 | 10.7 | 14.4 |  36.1
Germany |  68.4 |  8.4 | 35.9 | 54.8 | 33.7 | 14.4 |   5.7
United States |  57.1 |  7.1 | 13.4 | 52.7 | 56.3 | 16.8 |  30.6
United Kingdom |  44.9 |  5.5 | 61.0 | 50.8 | 57.0 | 21.2 |   4.9
Italy |  40.4 |  5.0 | 34.6 | 66.6 | 16.3 | 14.3 |   7.3
Belgium |  16.8 |  2.1 | 73.9 | 50.4 |  7.8 | 18.2 |   2.1
Canada |  16.1 |  2.0 | 20.5 | 50.4 | 73.7 | 13.7 |   8.5
France |  14.4 |  1.8 | 30.5 | 59.2 | 47.4 | 19.4 |   6.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Bulgaria living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  73.4 |  51.9 |  62.2 |  65.0 |  51.5 |  57.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.7 |   9.7 |   9.1 |  16.9 |  18.1 |  17.5
Participation rate (%) |  80.4 |  57.5 |  68.5 |  78.2 |  62.9 |  70.0
Total employed (thousands) | 185.0 | 141.5 | 326.5 | 211.4 | 193.3 | 404.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  80.5 |  68.3 |  74.0 |  78.9 |  70.4 |  73.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.6 |   9.5 |   8.1 |  11.5 |  12.7 |  12.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  40.6 |    .. |    .. |  46.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  29.6 |  28.1 |  57.7 |  58.7 |  75.8 | 134.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  28.2 |  22.2 |  26.1 |  26.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   8.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  46.9 |  57.9 |  41.3 |  48.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  24.9 |  20.0 |  32.7 |  25.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Turkey |  34.0 |  +10.9 | Turkey | 134.1 |  -48.9
United States |  32.2 |  +95.4 | Spain |  39.5 | +177.0
United Kingdom |  25.6 | +816.6 | Greece |  37.8 | +123.4
Spain |  24.7 | +457.9 | Germany |  17.8 |     ..
Germany |  23.1 |     .. | Italy |  14.6 | +574.6
Total | 197.3 | +133.4 | Total | 277.9 |  -11.8

International students from Bulgaria in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Germany |  9 739 |  7 938 |  6 394
United Kingdom |  1 251 |  3 365 |  5 684
Austria |  1 161 |  1 487 |  1 786
France |  2 322 |  2 047 |  1 770
United States |  3 208 |  2 473 |  1 641
Total | 22 067 | 23 004 | 24 671

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (60 209, 6%), ESP (7 962, 2%), NLD (5 030, 4%), ITA (4 794, 1%), BEL (4 478, 4%), AUT (3 631, 2%), GBR (3 000, 0%), USA (2 440, 0%), SVN (2 423, 15%), NOR (1 027, 1%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 22 | 43 | 27 | 23 | 22
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 49
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (25%), United Kingdom (11%), United States (11%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270318

Croatia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 4.3 |  |  | Croatia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 47/187 | 6/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 13 598 |  |  | GDP per capita | 58/209 | 7/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 50/203 | 17/29
Poverty rate 2008 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.02 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 28/144 | 11/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 18% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Croatia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 396.6 | 468.6 | 865.1 | 265.0 | 308.8 | 573.8 | 130.0 | 158.2 | 288.2 | 537.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.4 |  10.8 |  22.2 |    .. |    .. |    .. |  24.5
15-24 (%) |   6.5 |   5.7 |   6.1 |   4.9 |   4.9 |   4.9 |   9.5 |   7.4 |   8.3 |   3.9
25-64 (%) |  66.9 |  66.0 |  66.4 |  66.4 |  69.1 |  67.8 |  68.2 |  60.2 |  63.8 |  77.7
65+ (%) |  26.7 |  28.3 |  27.5 |  28.7 |  26.0 |  27.2 |  22.3 |  32.4 |  27.9 |  18.4
Low educated (%) |  24.9 |  39.3 |  32.7 |  28.0 |  41.3 |  35.2 |  18.4 |  35.3 |  27.7 |  45.7
Highly educated (%) |  18.2 |  16.5 |  17.3 |  17.2 |  16.3 |  16.7 |  20.2 |  16.8 |  18.3 |  12.9
Total emigration rates (%) |  18.0 |  19.5 |  18.8 |  12.8 |  13.8 |  13.3 |   6.7 |   7.6 |   7.2 |  12.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  34.7 |  24.4 |  28.5 |  25.0 |  17.4 |  20.3 |  16.3 |  10.1 |  12.5 |  22.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Serbia | 287.6 | 33.3 |  .. | 55.0 | 18.3 | 8.3 |    ..
Germany | 224.7 | 26.0 | 4.0 | 53.5 | 10.6 | 3.1 | 193.8
Italy |  60.5 |  7.0 | 3.9 | 60.2 | 11.0 | 3.2 |  77.1
Australia |  48.6 |  5.6 | 0.9 | 49.6 | 14.1 | 3.9 |  50.3
Slovenia |  48.5 |  5.6 | 9.3 | 50.9 | 15.1 | 3.1 |    ..
United States |  43.9 |  5.1 | 3.7 | 51.2 | 30.6 | 8.9 |  38.9
Canada |  40.0 |  4.6 | 1.4 | 51.4 | 37.3 | 4.5 |  37.9
Austria |  32.9 |  3.8 | 4.6 | 59.8 | 10.4 | 9.9 |  35.7
Switzerland |  29.9 |  3.5 | 8.5 | 59.0 | 15.8 | 9.8 |  22.3
France |   9.5 |  1.1 | 5.1 | 50.1 | 20.2 | 4.2 |   7.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Croatia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  66.7 |  54.8 |  60.7 |  72.8 |  61.4 |  66.6
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.9 |   9.0 |   9.0 |   6.3 |   7.3 |   6.8
Participation rate (%) |  73.3 |  60.3 |  66.6 |  77.7 |  66.3 |  71.4
Total employed (thousands) | 150.1 | 128.9 | 279.0 | 137.4 | 140.1 | 277.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  86.4 |  75.6 |  81.4 |  82.1 |  74.6 |  77.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.3 |   4.4 |   3.8 |   5.5 |   6.2 |   5.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  29.6 |    .. |    .. |  30.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  26.4 |  20.3 |  46.7 |  28.1 |  32.3 |  60.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  22.8 |  27.6 |  30.4 |  28.7
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   5.0
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  62.4 |  62.8 |  47.3 |  55.5
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  14.8 |   9.5 |  22.4 |  15.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany | 23.9 | +37.3 | Germany |  84.8 |  -3.2
Canada | 14.9 | +62.6 | Italy |  32.2 | -35.0
United States | 13.4 | +28.0 | Australia |  17.6 | -27.5
Slovenia |  7.3 | +11.7 | Slovenia |  16.7 |  +1.0
Australia |  6.9 | +48.3 | Austria |   9.1 | -50.0
Total | 94.3 | +39.1 | Total | 198.7 | -17.3

International students from Croatia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Austria | 1 440 | 1 891 | 2 075
Italy | 1 270 | 1 184 | 1 153
Slovenia |   647 |   692 |   780
United States |   603 |   617 |   535
Germany |   446 |   421 |   348
Total | 5 324 | 5 821 | 6 128

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (12 887, 1%), SVN (2 246, 14%), AUT (2 008, 1%), CHE (484, 0%), ITA (437, 0%), USA (336, 0%), BEL (204, 0%), NLD (188, 0%), ESP (184, 0%), SWE (179, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 15 | 33 | 16 | 17 | 16
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (20%), Australia (8%), United States (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270329

Kazakhstan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 17.0 |  |  | Kazakhstan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 70/187 | 13/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 13 612 |  |  | GDP per capita | 57/209 | 6/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 6.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 35/203 | 8/29
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.80 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 17/144 | 4/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 26%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Kazakhstan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 623.3 | 1 885.2 | 3 508.5 | 470.1 | 537.3 | 1 007.4 | 1 152.8 | 1 347.4 | 2 500.2 | 433.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   8.4 |  14.6 |    23.0 |      .. |      .. |      .. |  17.2
15-24 (%) |    15.8 |    13.2 |    14.4 |  17.7 |  15.1 |    16.4 |    15.0 |    12.4 |    13.6 |  16.0
25-64 (%) |    76.8 |    75.2 |    75.9 |  73.6 |  72.3 |    72.9 |    78.1 |    76.3 |    77.1 |  64.5
65+ (%) |     7.4 |    11.6 |     9.7 |   8.6 |  12.6 |    10.7 |     6.9 |    11.2 |     9.2 |  19.5
Low educated (%) |    19.3 |    19.2 |    19.2 |  33.3 |  34.9 |    34.2 |    13.7 |    13.0 |    13.4 |  34.2
Highly educated (%) |    20.0 |    23.5 |    21.9 |  14.8 |  17.2 |    16.1 |    22.1 |    25.9 |    24.2 |  18.3
Total emigration rates (%) |    21.6 |    22.9 |    22.3 |   7.4 |   7.8 |     7.6 |    16.3 |    17.5 |    16.9 |   3.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    22.3 |    31.1 |    26.7 |   5.7 |   8.5 |     7.0 |    18.5 |    26.4 |    22.4 |   4.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 2 412.7 | 68.8 | 14.3 | 53.9 | 24.3 | 13.7 |    ..
Germany |   893.7 | 25.5 |  0.8 | 52.9 | 12.7 | 16.0 | 372.4
Belarus |    70.0 |  2.0 |   .. | 53.9 | 19.9 | 12.6 |    ..
Greece |    27.8 |  0.8 |  2.1 | 53.8 | 15.2 | 11.4 |  21.5
United States |    17.1 |  0.5 | 20.7 | 62.7 | 49.9 | 25.3 |   7.1
Israel |    15.6 |  0.4 |  9.5 | 53.2 | 62.8 | 14.7 |  13.8
Turkey |    10.2 |  0.3 | 40.6 | 47.9 | 21.3 | 28.0 |   3.9
Canada |     8.2 |  0.2 | 31.5 | 54.1 | 69.7 | 18.3 |   3.1
Latvia |     6.7 |  0.2 |  1.9 | 54.5 | 28.3 |  1.5 |    ..
Lithuania |     6.4 |  0.2 |  1.7 | 54.8 | 30.4 |  3.1 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Kazakhstan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  70.7 |  57.5 |  64.0 |  76.3 |  65.5 |  70.7
Unemployment rate (%) |  12.9 |  13.3 |  13.1 |  10.6 |   9.0 |   9.8
Participation rate (%) |  81.1 |  66.4 |  73.6 |  85.3 |  72.0 |  78.4
Total employed (thousands) | 124.3 | 104.9 | 229.2 | 326.1 | 306.8 | 632.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  83.5 |  67.7 |  75.8 |  82.0 |  74.6 |  77.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   7.0 |  11.5 |   9.0 |   7.9 |   7.0 |   7.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  30.0 |    .. |    .. |  37.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  29.9 |  23.3 |  53.2 |  49.9 |  62.3 | 112.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  27.9 |  16.5 |  26.3 |  21.5
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  20.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.3
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  55.1 |  67.6 |  43.2 |  55.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  17.0 |  15.9 |  30.5 |  22.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany | 113.5 |  +99.1 | Germany | 313.1 | +135.8
Israel |   9.8 |  +19.5 | Greece |   9.3 |   +2.7
United States |   8.5 | +145.1 | Turkey |   4.0 | +329.6
Canada |   5.7 | +175.2 | United States |   2.0 |  +48.7
Greece |   4.2 |  +54.7 | Israel |   2.0 |  +30.4
Total | 158.2 | +100.4 | Total | 336.1 | +127.4

International students from Kazakhstan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 1 178 | 2 054 | 2 014
United States | 1 458 | 1 919 | 1 877
Czech Republic |   332 |   679 |   979
Turkey |   709 |   711 |   851
Germany |   668 |   701 |   693
Total | 5 473 | 7 627 | 8 346

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (1 728, 0%), USA (1 202, 0%), KOR (1 098, 0%), CZE (642, 2%), CAN (455, 0%), POL (309, 0%), ESP (261, 0%), JPN (227, 0%), CHE (207, 0%), AUT (202, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 13 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 14
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 39
Three main desired countries of destination: Russia (47%), Germany (9%), United States (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270331

Kyrgyzstan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 5.7 |  |  | Kyrgyzstan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 125/187 | 25/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 263 |  |  | GDP per capita | 151/209 | 24/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 10.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 51/203 | 18/29
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 21.06 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 27/144 | 10/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 30%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Kyrgyzstan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 296.7 | 327.2 | 623.9 |  6.0 | 11.5 | 17.5 | 290.7 | 315.7 | 606.4 | 38.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  1.2 |  2.1 |  3.3 |    .. |    .. |    .. |  2.6
15-24 (%) |  16.9 |  14.4 |  15.6 | 23.6 | 16.8 | 19.1 |  16.8 |  14.3 |  15.5 | 18.9
25-64 (%) |  77.8 |  76.3 |  77.0 | 74.2 | 80.2 | 78.2 |  77.9 |  76.2 |  77.0 | 63.1
65+ (%) |   5.3 |   9.2 |   7.4 |  2.2 |  2.9 |  2.7 |   5.4 |   9.5 |   7.5 | 18.0
Low educated (%) |  14.3 |  13.5 |  13.9 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.6 |  14.3 |  13.5 |  13.9 | 31.3
Highly educated (%) |  20.5 |  26.5 |  23.7 | 50.1 | 56.5 | 54.3 |  20.0 |  25.4 |  22.8 | 23.3
Total emigration rates (%) |  13.6 |  14.5 |  14.1 |  0.3 |  0.6 |  0.5 |  13.4 |  14.1 |  13.7 |  1.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  21.6 |  22.5 |  22.1 |  1.3 |  2.1 |  1.8 |  20.8 |  21.1 |  21.0 |  2.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 536.2 | 85.9 | 27.0 | 51.4 | 23.1 | 15.6 |  ..
Kazakhstan |  60.7 |  9.7 |   .. | 56.6 | 19.7 | 16.3 |  ..
Belarus |   5.2 |  0.8 |   .. | 54.3 | 26.4 | 12.4 |  ..
United States |   4.0 |  0.6 |   .. | 60.2 | 39.8 | 29.7 | 1.7
Tajikistan |   3.2 |  0.5 |   .. | 72.9 | 21.6 |   .. |  ..
Israel |   3.0 |  0.5 |   .. | 60.2 | 69.6 | 21.3 | 4.0
Turkey |   2.0 |  0.3 | 38.9 | 93.6 | 59.9 |  7.5 | 1.4
Canada |   1.1 |  0.2 | 38.0 | 57.1 | 79.3 | 18.4 | 0.5
United Kingdom |   1.0 |  0.2 | 56.5 | 65.6 | 59.9 | 23.8 |  ..
Austria |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Kyrgyzstan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 64.6 | 58.9 | 61.7 | 66.6 | 53.9 | 58.0
Unemployment rate (%) | 14.6 | 12.0 | 13.3 | 10.4 | 13.6 | 12.5
Participation rate (%) | 75.6 | 66.9 | 71.2 | 74.3 | 62.4 | 66.2
Total employed (thousands) | 10.1 |  9.6 | 19.7 |  2.9 |  4.9 |  7.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 71.3 | 68.6 | 69.9 | 79.9 | 57.6 | 64.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 12.5 | 10.4 | 11.5 |  7.4 | 13.8 | 11.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 40.6 |   .. |   .. | 55.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.9 |  2.9 |  5.8 |  1.9 |  3.1 |  5.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 28.8 | 33.8 | 25.1 | 34.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 54.4 | 56.0 | 64.2 | 56.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 16.9 | 10.2 | 10.7 |  9.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Israel | 2.1 |  -13.9 | United States | 0.8 |   +152.4
United States | 1.6 | +141.8 | Turkey | 0.5 |   +122.2
Turkey | 1.2 | +158.3 | Italy | 0.2 | +1 506.7
Canada | 0.9 | +182.0 | Israel | 0.2 |    -67.9
United Kingdom | 0.6 |     .. | United Kingdom | 0.2 |       ..
Total | 9.3 |   +3.5 | Total | 2.5 |    -79.4

International students from Kyrgyzstan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Turkey |   596 |   565 |   785
Germany |   425 |   523 |   533
United States |   264 |   272 |   246
Austria |    57 |   105 |   131
France |   101 |    98 |    95
Total | 1 751 | 1 989 | 2 270

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): KOR (772, 0%), USA (648, 0%), DEU (613, 0%), CAN (290, 0%), JPN (206, 0%), ITA (172, 0%), SWE (127, 0%), AUT (112, 0%), CZE (68, 0%), FRA (57, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 24 | 23 | 18 | 18
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 53
Three main desired countries of destination: Russia (48%), United States (13%), Kazakhstan (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270341

Latvia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 2.0 |  |  | Latvia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -1.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 48/187 | 7/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 15 381 |  |  | GDP per capita | 51/209 | 4/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 55/203 | 19/29
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 2.00 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 23/144 | 8/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 19% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Latvia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 118.5 | 150.8 | 269.3 | 66.9 | 91.9 | 158.9 | 51.2 | 58.5 | 109.7 | 67.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. | 28.9 | 34.7 |  63.5 |   .. |   .. |    .. |  7.2
15-24 (%) |  19.6 |  16.8 |  18.0 | 21.6 | 18.3 |  19.7 | 17.1 | 14.4 |  15.7 |  9.5
25-64 (%) |  67.9 |  68.8 |  68.4 | 61.2 | 63.4 |  62.5 | 76.4 | 77.3 |  76.9 | 48.0
65+ (%) |  12.5 |  14.4 |  13.6 | 17.2 | 18.4 |  17.9 |  6.4 |  8.3 |   7.4 | 42.4
Low educated (%) |  17.6 |  15.0 |  16.1 | 23.9 | 19.8 |  21.5 |  9.7 |  7.7 |   8.6 | 21.0
Highly educated (%) |  37.3 |  40.1 |  38.9 | 40.2 | 43.0 |  41.8 | 33.9 | 35.7 |  34.9 | 41.1
Total emigration rates (%) |  12.6 |  13.4 |  13.0 |  7.5 |  8.6 |   8.1 |  5.9 |  5.6 |   5.7 |  3.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  25.3 |  20.7 |  22.5 | 16.7 | 14.4 |  15.3 | 12.1 |  8.5 |   9.8 |  9.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 85.7 | 31.8 | 10.6 | 53.3 | 37.8 | 15.2 |   ..
United Kingdom | 53.6 | 19.9 | 80.1 | 55.2 | 45.7 | 29.4 |  4.1
United States | 23.8 |  8.9 |  4.6 | 59.2 | 52.3 |  9.5 | 25.5
Ireland | 17.3 |  6.4 | 48.4 | 56.8 | 14.8 | 19.9 |  2.2
Germany | 16.9 |  6.3 | 21.4 | 62.3 | 25.0 | 21.1 |  1.0
Belarus | 14.7 |  5.5 |   .. | 52.5 | 21.4 | 23.8 |   ..
Israel |  8.8 |  3.3 |   .. | 58.3 | 61.1 |  7.1 |  8.2
Lithuania |  8.1 |  3.0 |  6.3 | 55.8 | 25.1 |  5.1 |   ..
Canada |  6.0 |  2.2 |  8.3 | 54.9 | 64.4 |  6.4 |  7.5
Australia |  4.6 |  1.7 |  3.9 | 57.6 | 30.6 |  2.0 |  6.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Latvia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 68.1 | 55.6 | 61.0 | 75.3 | 68.7 | 71.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.5 |  8.5 |  7.5 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9
Participation rate (%) | 72.9 | 60.7 | 66.0 | 84.6 | 77.1 | 80.2
Total employed (thousands) | 11.6 | 12.3 | 23.9 | 41.6 | 51.4 | 93.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 76.6 | 66.9 | 71.0 | 83.8 | 75.2 | 78.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.3 |  5.2 |  5.2 |  7.5 |  7.4 |  7.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 33.5 |   .. |   .. | 60.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  6.0 |  7.3 | 13.3 | 16.6 | 23.9 | 40.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.0 | 21.4 | 25.7 | 24.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 10.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 44.6 | 51.6 | 46.6 | 48.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.3 | 27.0 | 27.7 | 27.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 24.5 | +3 438.9 | United Kingdom | 15.4 | +1 994.4
United States | 12.4 |     +5.7 | Germany |  4.4 | +1 159.2
Israel |  5.4 |    +11.4 | Ireland |  3.3 |   +829.1
Germany |  4.2 | +2 724.2 | United States |  1.9 |    -46.7
Canada |  3.8 |    +25.6 | Australia |  0.9 |    -54.5
Total | 63.2 |   +146.7 | Total | 32.5 |   +148.3

International students from Latvia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 1 145 | 1 623 |  ..
Estonia |   141 |    98 | 103
Poland |    50 |    58 |  ..
Iceland |     9 |    16 |  ..
Korea |    .. |     1 |  ..
Total | 3 136 | 4 092 |  ..

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (9 212, 0%), GBR (4 000, 1%), NOR (1 655, 2%), NLD (1 181, 1%), SWE (698, 0%), ESP (583, 0%), USA (436, 0%), AUT (360, 0%), BEL (351, 0%), CHE (319, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 21 | 44 | 20 | 23 | 23
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 40
Three main desired countries of destination: United Kingdom (18%), Germany (15%), Russia (10%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270367

Lithuania

Total population 2013 (millions) | 3.0 |  |  | Lithuania compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -1.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 35/187 | 3/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 15 530 |  |  | GDP per capita | 50/209 | 3/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 49/203 | 16/29
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 1.21 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 39/144 | 12/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 69%; “65+”: 16% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Lithuania living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 178.3 | 245.1 | 423.4 | 130.1 | 187.3 | 317.4 | 47.0 | 56.4 | 103.4 | 149.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  48.0 |  56.3 | 104.4 |   .. |   .. |    .. |  13.6
15-24 (%) |  16.3 |  13.6 |  14.7 |  18.4 |  15.1 |  16.5 | 10.6 |  8.4 |   9.4 |   5.5
25-64 (%) |  64.3 |  62.6 |  63.3 |  61.3 |  60.5 |  60.8 | 73.0 | 70.3 |  71.5 |  45.2
65+ (%) |  19.4 |  23.9 |  22.0 |  20.3 |  24.4 |  22.7 | 16.4 | 21.3 |  19.1 |  49.3
Low educated (%) |  23.1 |  23.8 |  23.5 |  25.1 |  25.0 |  25.1 | 17.4 | 18.9 |  18.2 |  35.2
Highly educated (%) |  33.9 |  35.7 |  35.0 |  36.1 |  37.9 |  37.2 | 28.7 | 29.0 |  28.9 |  25.3
Total emigration rates (%) |  12.8 |  14.8 |  13.9 |   9.7 |  11.7 |  10.8 |  3.7 |  3.8 |   3.8 |   5.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  18.0 |  17.0 |  17.4 |  14.4 |  14.1 |  14.2 |  4.9 |  3.8 |   4.2 |   8.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 96.1 | 22.7 | 68.5 | 54.5 | 44.0 | 26.6 |  3.8
Russian Federation | 68.4 | 16.2 |  8.1 | 53.0 | 33.9 |  9.7 |   ..
Poland | 54.9 | 13.0 |  3.8 | 63.7 | 18.5 |  0.3 | 79.7
United States | 36.7 |  8.7 |  4.9 | 59.5 | 53.3 | 11.7 | 27.0
Germany | 31.5 |  7.4 | 17.6 | 75.5 | 24.1 | 18.4 |  0.9
Ireland | 30.2 |  7.1 | 46.8 | 52.9 | 23.0 | 18.7 |  1.9
Latvia | 19.5 |  4.6 |  1.6 | 59.8 | 13.5 |  2.4 |   ..
Belarus | 14.8 |  3.5 |   .. | 54.0 | 25.5 | 17.1 |   ..
Norway | 13.7 |  3.2 | 92.1 | 40.7 | 30.2 | 17.7 |  0.8
Israel | 10.6 |  2.5 |   .. | 57.0 | 68.1 |  7.5 | 12.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Lithuania living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 54.9 | 45.0 | 49.4 | 74.6 | 67.8 |  70.7
Unemployment rate (%) | 13.4 | 10.4 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 |  11.8
Participation rate (%) | 63.4 | 50.2 | 56.1 | 84.6 | 76.8 |  80.1
Total employed (thousands) | 18.4 | 19.0 | 37.4 | 76.6 | 95.5 | 172.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 74.4 | 64.8 | 68.8 | 84.0 | 75.5 |  78.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.0 |  6.6 |  6.8 |  8.3 |  9.9 |   9.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 29.0 |   .. |   .. |  62.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  7.7 |  9.2 | 16.9 | 29.3 | 44.2 |  73.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 44.2 | 20.3 | 24.9 |  23.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   9.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   8.2
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 46.3 | 58.0 | 46.8 |  51.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  9.5 | 21.7 | 28.3 |  24.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom |  42.3 | +4 471.2 | United Kingdom | 27.5 | +2 769.8
United States |  19.6 |    +72.2 | Poland | 18.3 |    -45.1
Poland |  10.2 |     -7.3 | Germany |  8.3 | +2 464.2
Germany |   7.6 | +5 359.0 | Ireland |  4.3 | +1 306.9
Israel |   7.2 |     +5.3 | Spain |  4.2 |    +36.4
Total | 111.9 |   +205.2 | Total | 75.5 |    +47.6

International students from Lithuania in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 1 968 | 2 913 |  4 916
Denmark |   145 |   893 |  1 573
Poland |   543 |   703 |  1 008
Germany | 1 234 | 1 032 |    878
Netherlands |    34 |    85 |    496
Total | 5 591 | 7 471 | 11 097

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (10 226, 1%), GBR (9 000, 2%), NOR (6 600, 9%), SWE (1 356, 1%), NLD (1 196, 1%), ESP (1 081, 0%), USA (924, 0%), BEL (439, 0%), ITA (438, 0%), AUT (292, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 21 | 49 | 20 | 21 | 23
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 54
Three main desired countries of destination: United Kingdom (24%), United States (13%), Norway (12%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270351

Moldova

Total population 2013 (millions) | 3.6 |  |  | Moldova compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 114/187 | 23/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 2 240 |  |  | GDP per capita | 133/209 | 22/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 8.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 42/203 | 13/29
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 2.75 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 16/144 | 3/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 17%; “15-64”: 72%; “65+”: 11% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Moldova living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 282.0 | 344.6 | 626.6 | 116.2 | 188.1 | 304.3 | 165.8 | 156.5 | 322.3 | 81.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  31.6 |  56.4 |  88.0 |    .. |    .. |    .. | 17.2
15-24 (%) |  16.6 |  14.6 |  15.5 |  21.0 |  14.8 |  17.1 |  13.5 |  14.4 |  13.9 | 17.9
25-64 (%) |  76.1 |  77.5 |  76.9 |  73.5 |  80.2 |  77.7 |  77.9 |  74.2 |  76.1 | 64.4
65+ (%) |   7.3 |   7.9 |   7.7 |   5.5 |   5.0 |   5.2 |   8.6 |  11.5 |  10.0 | 17.7
Low educated (%) |  20.2 |  21.8 |  21.1 |  30.0 |  28.4 |  29.0 |  13.5 |  13.9 |  13.7 | 22.3
Highly educated (%) |  25.5 |  30.3 |  28.1 |  31.7 |  34.2 |  33.3 |  21.2 |  25.6 |  23.4 | 45.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  16.7 |  18.1 |  17.4 |   7.6 |  10.8 |   9.3 |  10.5 |   9.1 |   9.8 |  2.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  34.0 |  27.4 |  29.7 |  20.5 |  18.8 |  19.4 |  20.4 |  12.7 |  15.4 |  9.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 273.8 | 43.7 | 23.6 | 46.7 | 20.7 | 12.9 |   ..
Italy | 123.1 | 19.6 | 44.7 | 69.3 | 18.8 | 17.5 |  3.7
Israel |  44.7 |  7.1 |  8.0 | 59.5 | 54.8 | 10.9 | 39.1
Romania |  35.3 |  5.6 |   .. | 60.4 | 43.3 | 21.2 | 32.4
United States |  30.4 |  4.9 | 18.3 | 54.0 | 47.2 | 25.7 | 15.7
Germany |  22.6 |  3.6 | 10.0 | 58.2 | 27.1 | 16.9 |  2.7
Spain |  17.9 |  2.8 | 38.5 | 50.2 | 37.0 | 17.1 |  2.0
Portugal |  12.7 |  2.0 | 29.5 | 47.3 | 22.7 | 18.8 |  3.0
Canada |  10.9 |  1.7 | 49.7 | 50.9 | 77.1 | 16.2 |  2.0
Greece |   9.9 |  1.6 | 18.7 | 71.4 | 26.6 | 17.5 |  5.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Moldova living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 71.4 | 58.9 | 64.9 | 68.7 |  63.4 |  65.4
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.8 | 11.2 |  9.9 | 14.6 |  13.3 |  13.8
Participation rate (%) | 78.3 | 66.3 | 72.0 | 80.4 |  73.1 |  75.8
Total employed (thousands) | 23.3 | 21.1 | 44.4 | 72.8 | 111.9 | 184.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 79.2 | 69.9 | 74.1 | 79.7 |  68.3 |  72.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.1 |  7.7 |  7.4 | 10.9 |  13.2 |  12.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 54.5 |   .. |    .. |  62.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 11.3 | 12.2 | 23.5 | 25.9 |  40.4 |  66.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 30.0 | 19.0 |  15.4 |  17.4
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |  10.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   8.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 54.8 | 60.2 |  46.1 |  51.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 15.2 | 20.8 |  38.5 |  31.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Israel | 24.5 |     +9.9 | Italy | 50.4 | +3 229.9
Italy | 23.1 | +2 501.6 | Germany |  7.1 |   +638.3
United States | 14.4 |   +108.8 | Spain |  6.5 |   +697.6
Canada |  8.4 |   +587.3 | Portugal |  4.7 |   +315.9
Spain |  6.6 |   +933.6 | United States |  4.6 |    +33.9
Total | 99.0 |   +168.3 | Total | 86.4 |   +379.9

International students from Moldova in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Italy |   685 | 1 246 | 1 815
France |   794 |   922 | 1 001
Germany |   540 |   591 |   566
United States |   418 |   437 |   403
Greece |    98 |   143 |   244
Total | 3 295 | 4 432 | 5 260

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ITA (8 813, 2%), USA (2 021, 0%), CAN (1 400, 0%), DEU (897, 0%), ESP (700, 0%), PRT (473, 1%), FRA (451, 0%), POL (404, 0%), CZE (388, 1%), BEL (190, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 34 | 52 | 38 | 34 | 34
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 58
Three main desired countries of destination: Russia (25%), Italy (14%), United States (8%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270375

Romania

Total population 2013 (millions) | 20.0 |  |  | Romania compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 54/187 | 10/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 9 491 |  |  | GDP per capita | 72/209 | 8/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 48/203 | 15/29
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 1.59 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 24/144 | 9/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 15% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Romania living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 239.8 | 1 477.4 | 2 717.2 | 1 226.1 | 1 460.1 | 2 686.2 | 11.6 | 15.0 | 26.6 | 1 125.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   338.8 |   424.1 |   762.9 |   .. |   .. |   .. |   161.7
15-24 (%) |    14.4 |    12.8 |    13.5 |    14.4 |    12.8 |    13.5 | 16.7 | 15.9 | 16.2 |    11.0
25-64 (%) |    75.3 |    75.5 |    75.4 |    75.3 |    75.5 |    75.4 | 76.0 | 73.4 | 74.5 |    65.9
65+ (%) |    10.3 |    11.7 |    11.1 |    10.3 |    11.7 |    11.0 |  7.4 | 10.7 |  9.2 |    23.1
Low educated (%) |    31.3 |    32.7 |    32.1 |    31.3 |    32.7 |    32.1 | 31.6 | 31.5 | 31.6 |    33.1
Highly educated (%) |    20.6 |    21.7 |    21.2 |    20.5 |    21.7 |    21.2 | 19.9 | 23.1 | 21.7 |    24.1
Total emigration rates (%) |    12.9 |    14.4 |    13.6 |    12.8 |    14.2 |    13.5 |  0.1 |  0.2 |  0.2 |     5.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    19.7 |    21.9 |    20.9 |    19.5 |    21.7 |    20.7 |  0.2 |  0.3 |  0.3 |    16.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Italy | 704.4 | 25.9 | 40.1 | 59.3 |  8.5 | 16.4 |  74.1
Spain | 614.6 | 22.6 | 38.0 | 49.9 | 12.6 | 18.5 |  50.7
Germany | 457.9 | 16.9 |  9.3 | 53.6 | 22.0 |  6.3 | 387.5
Hungary | 170.8 |  6.3 | 10.1 | 55.6 | 23.1 |  7.2 | 136.3
United States | 163.4 |  6.0 |  7.9 | 53.7 | 46.6 | 10.6 | 123.9
Israel |  88.5 |  3.3 |  0.9 | 54.0 | 43.6 |  0.5 | 120.2
Canada |  78.9 |  2.9 | 14.9 | 52.2 | 68.0 | 11.2 |  54.8
United Kingdom |  75.9 |  2.8 | 75.7 | 49.5 | 50.1 | 21.7 |   6.7
Austria |  59.5 |  2.2 | 24.9 | 58.2 | 12.7 | 11.0 |  36.2
France |  57.2 |  2.1 | 36.5 | 53.9 | 38.4 | 19.0 |  22.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Romania living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  75.6 |  57.9 |  66.4 |  69.8 |  57.9 |    63.3
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.0 |   9.9 |   8.4 |  18.0 |  20.0 |    19.0
Participation rate (%) |  81.2 |  64.3 |  72.4 |  85.0 |  72.4 |    78.2
Total employed (thousands) | 318.3 | 266.3 | 584.6 | 762.4 | 743.4 | 1 505.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  84.4 |  70.9 |  77.4 |  81.1 |  70.3 |    74.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   4.2 |   6.6 |   5.4 |  10.7 |  12.9 |    11.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  23.4 |    .. |    .. |    38.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  92.6 |  84.1 | 176.7 | 167.4 | 197.0 |   364.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  36.5 |  19.7 |  22.7 |    22.0
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    10.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |     7.2
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  50.2 |  58.5 |  43.7 |    51.0
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  13.3 |  21.8 |  33.6 |    26.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany | 100.9 |    +39.7 | Spain | 280.5 | +799.0
Spain |  77.6 | +1 094.3 | Italy | 250.4 | +853.5
United States |  76.2 |    +59.7 | Germany | 115.2 |    -3.1
Italy |  60.0 |   +722.9 | Hungary |  40.3 |   -24.6
Canada |  53.7 |    +81.9 | United States |  21.9 |   -20.1
Total | 557.1 |   +107.7 | Total | 843.9 | +129.2

International students from Romania in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  1 179 |  3 165 |  5 901
Italy |  3 151 |  4 174 |  5 713
France |  3 844 |  3 856 |  4 209
Hungary |  3 134 |  3 006 |  2 736
Germany |  3 156 |  2 966 |  2 583
Total | 21 162 | 25 736 | 32 226

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (120 524, 12%), ITA (81 666, 26%), ESP (34 638, 10%), AUT (13 362, 10%), BEL (11 165, 10%), GBR (6 000, 1%), HUN (4 243, 21%), USA (3 748, 0%), PRT (3 010, 8%), NLD (2 535, 2%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 26 | 49 | 31 | 29 | 26
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 52
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (16%), Italy (13%), Spain (11%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270383

Russian Federation

Total population 2013 (millions) | 143.5 |  |  | Russian Federation compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 57/187 | 11/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 14 612 |  |  | GDP per capita | 53/209 | 5/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 138/203 | 29/29
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.26 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 142/144 | 16/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 16%; “15-64”: 71%; “65+”: 13% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Russian Federation living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 620.6 | 2 360.9 | 3 981.6 | 1 002.2 | 1 399.0 | 2 401.2 | 616.3 | 960.2 | 1 576.5 | 1 972.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |    54.8 |   123.2 |   178.0 |    .. |    .. |      .. |   207.5
15-24 (%) |    12.4 |     9.0 |    10.4 |    16.2 |    12.1 |    13.8 |   6.3 |   4.3 |     5.1 |    15.3
25-64 (%) |    68.3 |    64.7 |    66.1 |    68.9 |    69.0 |    69.0 |  67.3 |  58.3 |    61.8 |    65.5
65+ (%) |    19.3 |    26.4 |    23.5 |    14.9 |    18.9 |    17.2 |  26.4 |  37.4 |    33.1 |    19.2
Low educated (%) |    20.7 |    21.6 |    21.2 |    23.3 |    22.6 |    22.9 |  16.6 |  20.2 |    18.8 |    31.2
Highly educated (%) |    30.2 |    33.7 |    32.3 |    33.6 |    40.9 |    37.9 |  24.7 |  23.4 |    23.9 |    32.0
Total emigration rates (%) |     2.8 |     3.5 |     3.2 |     1.8 |     2.1 |     1.9 |   1.1 |   1.5 |     1.3 |     1.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     1.7 |     2.0 |     1.9 |     1.2 |     1.5 |     1.3 |   0.6 |   0.6 |     0.6 |     1.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 1 146.7 | 28.8 |  3.5 | 54.2 | 20.8 | 14.7 | 929.8
Kazakhstan |   770.0 | 19.3 |   .. | 61.8 | 17.3 |  4.4 |    ..
Belarus |   515.9 | 13.0 |   .. | 57.8 | 30.0 |  6.9 |    ..
United States |   350.6 |  8.8 |  8.8 | 58.8 | 58.2 | 17.5 | 287.5
Israel |   263.8 |  6.6 |  3.1 | 56.2 | 62.4 |  8.9 | 264.1
Latvia |   158.3 |  4.0 |  1.8 | 63.1 | 27.7 |  1.5 |    ..
Estonia |   139.5 |  3.5 |  1.8 | 63.6 | 37.4 |  1.2 |    ..
Lithuania |    79.8 |  2.0 |  1.1 | 58.9 | 33.3 |  2.4 |    ..
Canada |    69.8 |  1.8 | 21.2 | 55.6 | 73.4 | 14.5 |  44.6
Greece |    54.8 |  1.4 |  8.0 | 64.4 | 22.0 | 11.2 |  65.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Russian Federation living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  66.0 |  53.3 |  59.1 |  72.5 |  61.5 |    66.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  15.0 |  15.4 |  15.2 |  10.5 |  11.1 |    10.8
Participation rate (%) |  77.7 |  63.0 |  69.7 |  81.0 |  69.2 |    74.2
Total employed (thousands) | 483.9 | 470.4 | 954.3 | 610.9 | 690.8 | 1 301.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  76.1 |  61.5 |  67.7 |  81.7 |  68.2 |    73.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  10.9 |  13.2 |  12.1 |   8.0 |   9.6 |     9.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  40.9 |    .. |    .. |    39.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 173.9 | 189.8 | 363.6 | 222.9 | 324.4 |   547.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  31.4 |  31.6 |  36.0 |    34.6
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    13.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |     8.5
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  51.7 |  57.6 |  44.8 |    50.3
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  17.0 |  10.8 |  19.2 |    15.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Germany | 238.3 |  +49.8 | Germany | 338.8 |  -8.5
United States | 203.9 |  +33.4 | United States |  42.1 |  -8.3
Israel | 164.6 |   +4.2 | Estonia |  27.2 | -52.2
Estonia |  52.2 |   -1.3 | Israel |  21.5 | -39.3
Canada |  51.2 | +101.4 | Greece |  21.1 | -28.1
Total | 890.8 |  +42.6 | Total | 537.8 | -11.6

International students from the Russian Federation in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Germany |  9 135 |  9 416 |  9 046
United States |  4 911 |  4 784 |  4 654
France |  3 347 |  3 822 |  4 300
United Kingdom |  2 646 |  3 159 |  3 574
Czech Republic |  1 405 |  2 297 |  2 912
Total | 30 264 | 34 551 | 38 417

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (18 812, 1%), USA (9 969, 0%), ESP (8 080, 2%), FRA (4 073, 2%), ITA (3 970, 1%), JPN (3 829, 1%), AUT (3 438, 2%), CZE (3 201, 11%), FIN (3 050, 13%), KOR (2 723, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 13 | 27 | 18 | 15 | 14
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  2
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (23%), United States (11%), United Kingdom (5%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270390

Serbia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 7.2 |  |  | Serbia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 77/187 | 15/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 6 354 |  |  | GDP per capita | 90/209 | 14/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 72/203 | 24/29
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.47 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 81/144 | 15/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 16%; “15-64”: 69%; “65+”: 14% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Serbia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 315.8 | 338.5 | 654.3 | 290.8 | 307.5 | 598.2 | 24.7 | 30.5 | 55.2 | ..
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  24.5 |  28.7 |  53.2 |   .. |   .. |   .. | ..
15-24 (%) |   9.8 |   9.0 |   9.4 |  10.0 |   9.3 |   9.6 |  8.0 |  6.7 |  7.3 | ..
25-64 (%) |  75.7 |  76.7 |  76.2 |  76.7 |  78.0 |  77.4 | 64.4 | 63.6 | 63.9 | ..
65+ (%) |  14.4 |  14.3 |  14.3 |  13.3 |  12.7 |  13.0 | 27.6 | 29.7 | 28.8 | ..
Low educated (%) |  36.7 |  48.2 |  42.6 |  38.4 |  50.1 |  44.4 | 16.5 | 29.6 | 23.8 | ..
Highly educated (%) |  16.5 |  15.5 |  16.0 |  15.7 |  14.9 |  15.3 | 26.1 | 21.3 | 23.4 | ..
Total emigration rates (%) |   9.6 |   9.9 |   9.7 |   8.9 |   9.0 |   9.0 |  0.8 |  1.0 |  0.9 | ..
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   9.8 |   9.9 |   9.9 |   8.7 |   8.7 |   8.7 |  1.3 |  1.4 |  1.4 | ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Germany | 179.0 | 27.4 |  5.2 | 53.0 |  9.3 |  7.6 | ..
Austria | 105.4 | 16.1 |  7.2 | 52.9 |  5.5 |  8.5 | ..
Switzerland |  68.1 | 10.4 |  9.9 | 49.3 | 12.9 | 11.9 | ..
France |  65.7 | 10.0 | 14.9 | 50.4 | 13.5 | 10.6 | ..
Croatia |  51.2 |  7.8 |   .. | 56.3 | 22.4 |  5.6 | ..
Italy |  40.7 |  6.2 | 12.6 | 53.5 | 10.0 | 15.1 | ..
Canada |  31.9 |  4.9 |  6.6 | 51.8 | 52.1 | 10.3 | ..
Hungary |  27.9 |  4.3 | 10.8 | 50.5 | 28.6 | 11.7 | ..
Slovenia |  25.4 |  3.9 | 25.9 | 41.4 | 16.2 |  5.8 | ..
Australia |  20.6 |  3.2 |  4.9 | 50.6 | 22.8 |  8.4 | ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Serbia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  69.5 |  55.1 |  62.1 | .. | .. | ..
Unemployment rate (%) |  11.0 |  11.7 |  11.3 | .. | .. | ..
Participation rate (%) |  78.1 |  62.4 |  70.0 | .. | .. | ..
Total employed (thousands) | 175.3 | 147.7 | 323.0 | .. | .. | ..
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  80.9 |  65.6 |  73.0 | .. | .. | ..
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.2 |   9.6 |   7.8 | .. | .. | ..
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  35.8 | .. | .. | ..
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  30.9 |  26.7 |  57.5 | .. | .. | ..
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  22.3 | .. | .. | ..
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. | .. | .. | ..
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. | .. | .. | ..
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  53.0 | .. | .. | ..
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  24.7 | .. | .. | ..

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Canada | 16.6 | .. | Germany |  92.6 | ..
Germany | 16.6 | .. | Austria |  55.1 | ..
France |  8.9 | .. | France |  35.2 | ..
Switzerland |  8.8 | .. | Switzerland |  25.1 | ..
Hungary |  8.0 | .. | Italy |  20.5 | ..
Total | 90.0 | .. | Total | 261.6 | ..

International students from Serbia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Austria | .. | 1 942 | 2 326
Hungary | .. | 1 385 | 1 646
Italy | .. |   885 | 1 069
United States | .. | 1 165 | 1 034
Germany | .. |   700 |   594
Total | .. | 8 472 | 9 712

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (22 107, 2%), AUT (6 715, 5%), CHE (1 658, 1%), SVN (1 565, 9%), ITA (1 289, 0%), SWE (1 264, 1%), USA (704, 0%), HUN (637, 3%), NOR (502, 0%), CAN (405, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 24 | 41 | 27 | 24 | 24
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 37
Three main desired countries of destination: Germany (14%), Switzerland (9%), Austria (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270404

Tajikistan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 8.2 |  |  | Tajikistan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 133/187 | 26/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 037 |  |  | GDP per capita | 158/209 | 25/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 74/203 | 25/29
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 27.36 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 21/144 | 7/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 36%; “15-64”: 61%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Tajikistan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 264.9 | 184.2 | 449.2 |  6.1 |  6.9 | 13.0 | 258.8 | 177.3 | 436.1 | 17.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  0.3 |  0.5 |  0.8 |    .. |    .. |    .. |  1.2
15-24 (%) |  20.6 |  16.7 |  19.0 | 20.7 | 17.0 | 18.8 |  20.6 |  16.7 |  19.0 | 22.0
25-64 (%) |  76.6 |  76.8 |  76.7 | 73.0 | 75.3 | 74.2 |  76.7 |  76.9 |  76.8 | 64.5
65+ (%) |   2.8 |   6.5 |   4.3 |  6.3 |  7.7 |  7.0 |   2.7 |   6.4 |   4.2 | 13.5
Low educated (%) |  16.9 |  11.5 |  14.7 | 11.4 | 15.8 | 13.7 |  17.0 |  11.4 |  14.7 | 34.7
Highly educated (%) |  17.1 |  29.9 |  22.4 | 43.0 | 49.9 | 46.7 |  16.5 |  29.2 |  21.7 | 28.8
Total emigration rates (%) |   9.7 |   7.1 |   8.4 |  0.3 |  0.3 |  0.3 |   9.5 |   6.8 |   8.2 |  0.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  16.1 |  33.7 |  22.6 |  1.1 |  3.0 |  1.7 |  15.4 |  32.3 |  21.5 |  2.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 429.6 | 95.6 | 30.5 | 40.5 | 21.5 | 19.1 |  ..
Belarus |   5.3 |  1.2 |   .. | 50.1 | 29.9 | 15.6 |  ..
Israel |   5.2 |  1.2 |   .. | 41.8 | 44.2 | 16.0 | 8.6
United States |   4.7 |  1.0 |   .. | 58.2 | 46.6 | 23.0 | 2.1
Latvia |   0.6 |  0.1 |   .. | 51.0 | 42.1 |  3.2 |  ..
Canada |   0.5 |  0.1 | 36.0 | 55.3 | 83.5 | 19.4 | 0.1
United Kingdom |   0.4 |  0.1 | 45.3 | 55.8 | 61.9 | 23.1 |  ..
Estonia |   0.4 |  0.1 |  4.8 | 51.2 | 48.5 |  2.5 |  ..
Czech Republic |   0.3 |  0.1 |   .. | 39.4 | 24.2 | 15.8 |  ..
Bulgaria |   0.3 |  0.1 |   .. | 48.8 |   .. | 51.2 | 0.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Tajikistan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 67.9 | 53.1 | 59.9 | 67.3 | 48.1 | 57.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.4 | 11.6 |  9.9 | 12.9 | 11.1 | 12.2
Participation rate (%) | 74.2 | 60.0 | 66.6 | 77.3 | 54.1 | 65.9
Total employed (thousands) |  4.9 |  4.4 |  9.3 |  2.7 |  1.8 |  4.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 77.8 | 69.8 | 73.3 | 71.6 | 65.1 | 68.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.8 |  9.0 |  6.6 |  4.3 | 10.6 |  7.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 54.0 |   .. |   .. | 45.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.7 |  1.9 |  3.6 |  1.2 |  1.1 |  2.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 26.3 | 29.4 | 37.0 | 34.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 62.0 | 61.6 | 51.1 | 55.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 11.7 |  9.0 | 11.9 | 10.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Israel | 2.3 |  -18.5 | United States | 0.8 | +118.8
United States | 2.2 | +137.8 | Israel | 0.3 |  -90.9
Canada | 0.4 | +437.5 | Turkey | 0.2 |     ..
United Kingdom | 0.2 |     .. | Austria | 0.1 |     ..
Estonia | 0.2 |  +17.3 | Italy | 0.1 | +373.3
Total | 6.0 |  +16.5 | Total | 1.8 |  -71.6

International students from Tajikistan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 364 | 285 | 289
Turkey | 162 | 194 | 277
Germany |  67 |  83 | 103
United Kingdom |  53 |  54 |  36
Korea |   9 |  14 |  33
Total | 745 | 731 | 879

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (411, 0%), DEU (207, 0%), KOR (170, 0%), JPN (120, 0%), CAN (85, 0%), AUT (75, 0%), POL (42, 0%), SWE (23, 0%), ESP (16, 0%), CHE (15, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 7 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 49
Three main desired countries of destination: Russia (64%), United States (9%), Germany (5%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270411

Ukraine

Total population 2013 (millions) | 45.5 |  |  | Ukraine compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -0.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 83/187 | 17/26
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 900 |  |  | GDP per capita | 110/209 | 18/29
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 65/203 | 22/29
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 0.03 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 77/144 | 14/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 14%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 15% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Ukraine living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional (13/24 countries) | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 2 169.7 | 2 769.4 | 4 939.1 | 665.9 | 993.0 | 1 658.9 | 1 499.8 | 1 770.2 | 3 270.0 | 1 048.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |  51.0 | 108.2 |   159.2 |      .. |      .. |      .. |   128.5
15-24 (%) |     9.4 |     7.4 |     8.2 |  13.6 |   9.3 |    11.0 |     7.5 |     6.2 |     6.8 |     9.0
25-64 (%) |    68.2 |    65.1 |    66.4 |  60.2 |  63.1 |    61.9 |    71.7 |    66.2 |    68.7 |    52.9
65+ (%) |    22.5 |    27.6 |    25.3 |  26.1 |  27.6 |    27.0 |    20.8 |    27.6 |    24.5 |    38.1
Low educated (%) |    14.7 |    18.1 |    16.6 |  20.4 |  22.8 |    21.9 |    12.3 |    15.6 |    14.1 |    30.9
Highly educated (%) |    33.6 |    32.3 |    32.8 |  41.8 |  41.5 |    41.6 |    30.2 |    27.3 |    28.6 |    36.0
Total emigration rates (%) |    10.6 |    11.5 |    11.1 |   3.5 |   4.5 |     4.0 |     7.6 |     7.7 |     7.7 |     2.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    11.1 |     8.8 |     9.7 |   4.3 |   4.2 |     4.2 |     7.3 |     5.0 |     5.9 |     2.7

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Russian Federation | 2 901.3 | 58.7 | 10.3 | 53.8 | 29.2 |  7.0 |    ..
United States |   298.7 |  6.1 |  7.1 | 55.2 | 53.5 | 14.8 | 240.7
Israel |   256.5 |  5.2 |  2.8 | 57.1 | 64.3 |  9.0 | 249.7
Germany |   237.2 |  4.8 |  6.5 | 58.5 | 41.7 | 15.2 |  14.5
Poland |   224.1 |  4.5 |  2.8 | 63.4 | 16.1 |  0.9 | 308.3
Belarus |   183.6 |  3.7 |   .. | 54.2 | 26.0 |  6.6 |    ..
Italy |   171.8 |  3.5 | 30.9 | 81.4 | 22.0 | 11.7 |   8.5
Czech Republic |   133.7 |  2.7 | 15.9 | 45.3 |  9.8 | 10.4 |    ..
Kazakhstan |   113.0 |  2.3 |   .. | 59.5 | 14.1 |  2.4 |    ..
Spain |    66.0 |  1.3 | 27.3 | 55.3 | 37.9 | 17.0 |  20.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Ukraine living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  65.0 |  50.5 |  57.1 |  70.9 |  64.4 |  66.9
Unemployment rate (%) |   8.9 |  11.0 |  10.0 |  12.6 |  12.0 |  12.3
Participation rate (%) |  71.4 |  56.7 |  63.4 |  81.1 |  73.2 |  76.3
Total employed (thousands) | 192.9 | 179.1 | 372.0 | 318.5 | 446.4 | 764.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  76.1 |  64.0 |  69.4 |  82.1 |  70.2 |  74.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   7.4 |   9.1 |   8.3 |   8.8 |  11.3 |  10.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  50.3 |    .. |    .. |  50.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  99.2 | 101.5 | 200.6 | 157.5 | 222.7 | 380.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  33.3 |  32.3 |  28.8 |  30.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  12.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   8.7
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  54.6 |  55.8 |  47.0 |  50.4
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  12.1 |  11.9 |  24.2 |  18.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Israel | 165.0 |     +6.3 | Poland |  89.8 |    -42.7
United States | 159.9 |    +44.6 | Italy |  61.4 | +1 993.8
Germany |  98.9 | +4 349.8 | Germany |  48.9 |   +843.2
Canada |  41.7 |   +104.3 | United States |  39.6 |    -24.4
Italy |  37.8 | +1 339.2 | Spain |  20.1 |    +84.0
Total | 657.9 |    +76.5 | Total | 345.8 |     +8.0

International students from Ukraine in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Poland |  2 877 |  3 951 |  6 745
Germany |  6 055 |  5 945 |  5 340
Italy |    737 |  1 145 |  1 780
Czech Republic |    907 |  1 443 |  1 727
France |  1 307 |  1 449 |  1 524
Total | 18 093 | 21 402 | 25 660

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): POL (11 829, 25%), ITA (11 510, 3%), DEU (8 198, 0%), USA (7 642, 0%), CZE (5 919, 21%), ESP (4 350, 1%), CAN (2 205, 0%), PRT (1 460, 4%), AUT (1 125, 0%), FRA (1 040, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 37 | 27 | 23 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  4
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 58
Three main desired countries of destination: Russia (18%), United States (16%), Germany (15%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270431

Middle East and North Africa

Chapter 6.

Middle East and North Africa: Diaspora profile¹

This chapter looks at recent migration flows and diasporas from Middle East and North African (MENA) countries to the OECD area. In 2012 about 360 000 new migrants from the region settled in OECD countries, accounting for about 7% of total immigration flows. In total, in 2010/11 there were 8 million emigrants, 15 years old and above, from the region in OECD countries, of which 28% held a tertiary diploma. Total emigration rates for those over 15 years of age reached 3% for the region as a whole, while the emigration rate for the highly educated reached 6%. The labour market outcomes of migrants from the region were negatively affected by the economic crisis that hit some of their main destination countries. Future challenges relate notably to the implication for migration of recent geopolitical developments in the region and the need to deal with increasing cohorts of young people entering the labour market in most MENA countries.

This chapter also contains one regional note and 17 country notes for Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

Key findings

Migration flows from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to the OECD have shown a positive trend since 2000. 362 000 new migrants from the region settled in the OECD area in 2012, representing 7% of total migration flows to the OECD.

In 2010/11, there were 8 million migrants aged 15 and above from the Middle East and North Africa migrant living in OECD countries, representing a 40% growth from their number in 2000/01.

The number of emigrants from the region with tertiary education living in OECD countries increased by 62% between 2000/01 and 2010/11, reaching 2.2 million. Their share among all migrants from the region increased by almost 5 percentage points from its 2000/01 level and reached 28% in 2010/11.

Despite the sharp increase in the number of tertiary educated migrants, the emigration rate of the highly skilled decreased from 7% in 2000/01 to 6% in 2010/11. An unprecedented rise in the educational attainment of persons in the Middle East and North Africa compensated for the significant increase in the number of tertiary educated emigrants from the region.

In 2010/11, 46% of the migrants from the region were women, a very similar share to that in 2000/01 (45%). However, the increase in the share of those with at least tertiary education was greater for women than men, reflecting the rising education levels among the female population of the region and the rising migration opportunities for highly educated women.

The total emigration rate was 3% both in 2000/01 and 2010/11. The large difference between total and highly skilled emigration rates is a challenge, since it indicates that the region is losing its highly skilled labour force to a greater extent.

The economic crisis in certain OECD countries has had a strong negative impact on the labour market outcomes of migrants from the region, more than for migrants from most other world regions. The unemployment rate of Middle Eastern and North African emigrants in the OECD reached 21% in 2010/11, while youth and women faced even higher unemployment rates.

1. Regional context

The population of the Middle East and North Africa region rose by 100 million between 2000 and 2013, reaching 431 million. Annual population growth of the region has been steady over the past years and remained just over 2%. Annual population growth has been highest in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain and lowest in Morocco, Tunisia and Iran between 2000 and 2013.

In parallel, economic growth of the region has been high (5%) and stable since 2000. As a result, the region’s income per capita increased from USD 8 000 to USD 17 000 in only 13 years. The economic characteristics of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa region vary widely. On the one side, there is a set of rich oil-producing countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. On the other side, there is less wealthy French-speaking Maghreb which includes Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. A third set includes countries which are rich in natural sources such as Iran and Iraq, but years of wars and conflicts have negatively affected their economic growth. Besides other upper-middle-income countries such as Lebanon and Jordan, and a lower-middle-income country Egypt, there is also Sudan and Yemen, the poorest countries of the region. Overall, poverty is widespread in the region.

The motives for emigration and characteristics of emigrants differ across countries. Migrants originating from the Middle East are concentrated primarily in English-speaking OECD countries. Due partly to selective immigration policies, migration from the Middle East to these countries is highly skilled. English-speaking OECD countries are popular destinations for a number of Middle Eastern international students as well. Emigration from North Africa, however, is quite different. Historical ties and past immigration policies explain the concentration of North African emigrants in France, Belgium and the Netherlands, whereas geographic proximity and labour market opportunities have been other important motives for North African emigrants who settled in Spain and Italy. Migration from North Africa to Europe is primarily low-skilled labour and family migration.

2. Migrant flows and stocks

362 000 persons from the Middle East and North Africa settled in the OECD in 2012 (Figure 6.1). Migrant flows, have been increasing throughout the past decade, from 277 000 in the beginning of the decade to their peak in 2008 (380 000). These annual flows to the OECD represent 0.08% of all persons living in the MENA region.

Figure 6.1. Migrant flows to the OECD from the region and remittances to the region, 2000-14

Source: OECD International Migration Database and World Bank remittances data.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269464

In parallel to growing Middle Eastern and North African migrant flows, remittances to the region increased over the decade, in fact, at a faster pace. The size of total remittances rose from USD 26 billion in 2005 to USD 51 billion in 2014. Remittances grew steadily over time with the exception of 2009. However, the share of remittances in the region’s total income remained relatively stable at around 2%. Note that remittances as a share of GDP in the Middle East and North Africa is among the highest of all regions (together with Sub-Saharan Africa), revealing the relative importance of remittances in the region’s economy.

The number of Middle Eastern and North African migrants aged 15 and above in the OECD was 8 million in 2010/11. This represents a 40% increase from its level in 2000/01 (5.7 million). The share of those who arrived recently, i.e. within the last five years, is 17% in 2010/11, 1 percentage higher than that in 2000/01 (Table 6.1). More specifically, more than half of the Saudi migrant stock and two-thirds of those from the United Arab Emirates and Qatar had been in their destination country for five years or less. The share of recent migrants from the region was generally lower in 2010/11 than it was in 2000/01, except for migrants from Algeria, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia.

Table 6.1. Numbers and characteristics of migrants from the region in OECD countries, 2000/01 and 2010/11
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
| Number (thousands) | Share | Number (thousands) | Share
Total | 5 721 | 100.0% | 7 990 |  100%
Men | 3 152 |  55.1% | 4 344 | 54.4%
Women | 2 569 |  44.9% | 3 646 | 45.6%
15-24 |   557 |   9.7% |   813 | 10.2%
25-64 | 4 357 |  76.2% | 5 916 | 74.0%
65+ |   808 |  14.1% | 1 261 | 15.8%
Low level of education | 2 657 |  47.4% | 3 315 | 42.5%
Medium level of education | 1 621 |  28.9% | 2 274 | 29.1%
High level of education | 1 326 |  23.7% | 2 219 | 28.4%
Recent migrants |   684 |  15.8% | 1 157 | 17.1%
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
| Men | Women | Men | Women
Low level of education (%) | 44.3 | 51.2 | 40.0 | 45.5
Medium level of education (%) | 29.3 | 28.4 | 29.9 | 28.3
High level of education (%) | 26.4 | 20.4 | 30.2 | 26.3
Emigration rate (%) |  2.9 |  2.4 |  2.9 |  2.6
Emigration rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.3 |  7.6 |  6.4 |  5.8
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271290

3. The countries concerned

Countries of origin

Among the 17 main countries of origin in the region, Morocco has been leading the migrant flows to the OECD since 2000 (Figure 6.2). Moroccan flows accounted for about a third of all flows from the region to the OECD in the early 2000s, and this share went up to 45% in the mid-2000s. Migrant flows from Morocco to the OECD increased steadily from 99 000 in 2000 to 151 000 in 2004 and reached their peak with 171 000 in 2008. From 2009 onwards Moroccan flows gradually went down and fell even below their 2000 level.

Figure 6.2. Migration flows to the OECD by country of origin, 2012

Source: OECD International Migration Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269475

Iran, Iraq, Algeria and Egypt also represent substantial flows to the OECD. These four countries together with Morocco accounted for 70% of all migrant flows from the region in 2012. The number of Iranians that settled in an OECD country in 2000 was 32 000, in 2003 it fell to 24 000, and in 2011 it peaked with 48 000. In another main origin country, Iraq, political conjuncture was reflected into migrant flows to the OECD. Flows from Iraq were approaching 40 000 in the period 2000-02, whereas they more than halved in 2004, the year following the outbreak of the Iraq War. The numbers went back up to their early 2000s level only in 2009 and remained stable until 2012. Migrant flows from most countries in the region showed a relatively stable pattern with a slight increase over time. Flows from Syria almost doubled between 2011 and 2012, as a result of the deteriorating political situation in the country. The ratio of persons who moved to an OECD country in 2012 relative to the population of their country of origin is highest in Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon and lowest in Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen.

Of the 8 million Middle Eastern and North African migrants aged 15 and above in OECD countries, Moroccans are the largest group of emigrants, followed by Algerians and Iranians (Figure 6.3). The number of Moroccan emigrants went up to over 2.5 million in 2010/11 with an increase of more than 50% relative to 2000/01, while that of Algerians increased by 15% and reached 1.5 million. Growing by 50% in ten years, the Iranian diaspora in the OECD reached one million. Tunisians who were the fourth largest group in 2000/01 lost their place to Iraqi emigrants at the end of the decade. The increase over the decade, however, was greatest for those who came from Saudi Arabia; their number more than tripled. As a result, Saudi Arabia went up three places in the ranking of top countries of origin in the region. The number of emigrants from countries with relatively smaller emigrant populations, such as the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Sudan more than doubled as well. Lastly, no emigrant group experienced a decline in their numbers between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

Figure 6.3. Emigrant population living in OECD countries and emigration rates by country of origin

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15+.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269489

Taking the country population into account, emigration rates depict a more accurate picture of the extent of the phenomenon of emigration. The emigration rate of the region was 3% in 2010/11. In other words, 3% of all persons born in the Middle East and North Africa region were living in an OECD country in 2010/11. In fact, emigration rates are pulled up by populous origin countries in the region, such as Maghreb countries and Lebanon. More than half of the countries in MENA have emigration rates of less than 2% both in 2000/01 and in 2010/11 (Figure 6.4). The country with the highest emigration rate in the region, 12% in 2010/11, is Lebanon, while Morocco is the only other country with an emigration rate of over 10%. Emigration rates of the countries in this region were relatively stable and did not change much over the decade, except for Morocco, where it increased by over 2 percentage points between 2000/01 and 2010/11. The remaining countries are split equally between those which experienced a slight decrease and those which witnessed a slight increase in their emigration rates between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

Figure 6.4. Emigration rates to the OECD in 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269494

Countries of destination

Migrants from the Middle East and North Africa are concentrated in a few destination countries. One reason is that recruitment of foreign labour with an aim to meet labour supply needs following the World War II by France, Belgium and the Netherlands resulted in huge emigration flows from the Maghreb. The wars of liberation and decolonisation in the 1950s and 1960s caused a remarkable increase in the number of emigrants from Algeria to France as well. In the following decades, emigration to Europe continued in the form of family reunification. Geographic proximity and labour market opportunities have been among the main reasons for the emigration of Middle Eastern and North Africans in Spain and Italy. Migrants of the Middle East, however, settled primarily in English-speaking OECD countries. Due to selective migration policies with respect to educational attainment in these destination countries, migration tends to be highly skilled and study-related.

More than a third of all migrants from the region live in France, which is not surprising since Moroccans and Algerians constitute almost half of all migrants from the region to OECD countries. Spain and Italy, two geographically convenient destinations, are the other two OECD countries where more than half a million migrants from the region were living in 2010/11 (Table 6.2). About 14% of all migrants from the region reside in the United States, and the majority of them are from the Middle East. Canada, where half a million migrants from the region are residing, is another popular destination. The number of Middle Eastern emigrants living in Spain, Germany, Finland, Ireland and the United Kingdom doubled in the past decade, whereas that of emigrants of MENA in Israel decreased.

Table 6.2. Number and share of migrants from the Middle East and North Africa in 20 main OECD destination countries, 2000/01 and 2010/11
| 2000/01 | 2010/11 | Change in the number of migrants from MENA between 2000/01 and 2010/11
Destination country | Number of migrants from MENA | Share of the population in the destination country | Number of migrants from MENA | Share of the population in the destination country
France | 2 326 300 | 4.8% | 2 665 600 | 5.1% |  15%
United States |   818 400 | 0.4% | 1 118 400 | 0.5% |  37%
Spain |   317 900 | 0.9% |   705 500 | 1.8% | 122%
Italy |   293 600 | 0.6% |   547 500 | 1.1% |  86%
Canada |   288 800 | 1.2% |   499 800 | 1.8% |  73%
Germany |   169 800 | 0.3% |   384 100 | 0.5% | 126%
Israel |   430 700 | 9.7% |   364 800 | 6.8% | -15%
United Kingdom |   182 100 | 0.4% |   364 000 | 0.7% | 100%
Netherlands |   155 100 | 1.3% |   254 700 | 1.9% |  64%
Belgium |   148 700 | 1.8% |   253 900 | 2.8% |  71%
Australia |   162 300 | 1.1% |   238 000 | 1.5% |  47%
Sweden |   155 400 | 2.4% |   228 600 | 2.9% |  47%
Denmark |    47 100 | 1.1% |    57 900 | 1.3% |  23%
Switzerland |    40 300 | 0.7% |    55 900 | 0.9% |  39%
Greece |    52 400 | 0.6% |    53 300 | 0.6% |   2%
Austria |    29 400 | 0.4% |    47 300 | 0.7% |  61%
Norway |    30 700 | 0.8% |    47 100 | 1.2% |  53%
Turkey |    31 300 | 0.1% |    31 700 | 0.1% |   1%
Finland |     7 000 | 0.2% |    16 200 | 0.4% | 131%
Ireland |     4 800 | 0.2% |    11 400 | 0.3% | 139%
Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271302

The share of migrants from the Middle East and North Africa among all OECD residents is close to 3%. This share increased over the decade, reflecting faster-growing Middle Eastern and North African migration compared with population growth of the native-born population as well as that of other migrant groups. This increase is prominent in Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria and Ireland, but also in Central European countries where there were relatively fewer migrants from the region. This share remained stable between 2000/01 and 2010/11 in the two main destination countries, France and the United States.

4. The profile of emigrant populations

The Middle East and North Africa is the only region from which considerably more men migrate than women. Overall, the share of male migrants from the region who live in an OECD country was 54% in 2010/11. The share of male migrants was even higher (60%) among migrants originating from the Arab States of the Gulf, Sudan and Egypt than that of those originating from other countries in the region in 2010/11. However, the situation improved in favour of women over the past decade. In 2010/11 there were 3.6 million Middle Eastern and North African female emigrants in the OECD, 1 million more than in 2000/01 (Table 6.1). The increase in the share of women among all emigrants was highest among migrants from Iraq, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates.

Looking at a migration relative to the population of the origin, the emigration rate of women is indeed lower than that of men at both points in time, but it increased over the decade while men’s emigration rate remained stable. On average, Middle Eastern and North African women became more mobile with a slight increase in their emigration rate between 2000/01 and 2010/11 (Table 6.1). Emigration rates of women were highest in Maghreb (over 5%) and lowest (less than 1%) in Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen in both years.

Fast-growing Middle Eastern and North African population is young, including those who migrated to an OECD country. This is especially the case for Middle Eastern migrants among whom the share of youth (15-24) was incredibly high and the share of the elderly (65+) was very low in 2010/11. In particular, the share of young persons was roughly 50% and that of older persons was about 1% of all emigrants from the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Qatar both in 2000/01 and in 2010/11. Note that the high number of international students in the OECD originating from these countries contributed to this young migrant population. In Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon and Syria, where emigration was relatively an old phenomenon, the share of young persons varied between 5% and 8%. The share of male emigrants among the youth was much more dominant than among the rest of the population.

Educational attainment in the world is rising and this holds also true for migrants originating from the Middle East and North Africa. 28% of all migrants aged 15 and above from the region were tertiary educated in 2010/11, while the same share was 23% at the beginning of the decade. Between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the number of Middle Eastern and North African migrants with tertiary education increased from 1.3 to 2.2 million. This represents a 67% increase, which, yet, was below the average increase in the rest of the world (72%). Almost one-quarter of all highly skilled migrants originating from the region in 2010/11 come from Iran alone. Other main origin countries of the highly skilled are Morocco and Algeria, but they represent less than a fifth of all migrants from these two countries. On the other hand, more than half of the migrants from Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar had a high education level.

Highly educated migrants are over-represented among recent migrants. The share of tertiary educated among recent migrants from the region is 33%, 4 percentage points higher than that of migrants who had lived in the OECD for more than five years, reflecting the rising educational attainment in the region. Regarding the gender dimension, the increase both in the number and in the share of highly educated migrant women was higher than that of migrant men. The number of migrant women that hold a tertiary diploma increased by 83% and the increase in the share of highly skilled migrant women among all Middle Eastern and North African migrants was 6 percentage points between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

A group that greatly contributes to the stock of highly skilled migrants is international students. There were more than 163 000 Middle Eastern and North African students in the OECD in 2012, representing a rise of 10% since 2008. Students from the region account for about 8% of all international students in the OECD area. In absolute numbers the main countries of origin are Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Iran, Algeria and Tunisia (Figure 6.5). Saudi Arabian students accounted for 33% of all international students from the region in 2012, and their number represented a three-fold increase relative to its level in 2008. The number of international students from Iran, Iraq and Qatar also increased dramatically over this period, albeit to a lesser extent.

Figure 6.5. Number of international students from 15 main countries of origin, 2008 and 2012

Source: OECD Education Database.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269507

Close to a third of international students from the region, mainly those from Maghreb, study in France (Table 6.3). The United States and the United Kingdom hosted, respectively, 25% and 13% of all international students from the Middle East and North Africa. Each hosting about 12 000, Germany and Australia are other main destination countries for students originating from the region. English-speaking countries are primary destinations for those from Egypt and the Gulf countries such as Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.

Table 6.3. International students from the Middle East and North Africa by OECD country of destination, 2012
Country of destination | Number of international students from the Middle East and North Africa | Share of the students from the Middle East and North Africa in OECD countries
France | 73 350 | 31.8%
United States | 57 930 | 25.1%
United Kingdom | 29 750 | 12.9%
Germany | 12 520 |  5.4%
Australia | 11 950 |  5.2%
Source: OECD Education Database.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271310

5. Impact of emigration

Big and rising level of highly skilled emigration constitutes a challenge, due to its potential negative effect on productivity and economic growth, especially for developing regions such as the Middle East and North Africa, but also through its effect on critical sectors such as health and education. The emigration rate of the highly educated from the region is 6%, which is 3 percentage points higher than the total emigration rate in 2010/11. This shows that the region loses its educated labour force to a greater extent than other population groups. Countries where emigration is highly skewed towards the most qualified are Syria, Kuwait, Egypt, Sudan and Iran. Syria and Kuwait, along with Morocco, had the highest emigration rates of the highly educated in the region in 2010/11, all above 15%. Similarly, 10% of all highly educated persons born in Algeria and Tunisia were living in an OECD country in 2010/11.

Figure 6.6. Number of highly educated emigrants in OECD countries and emigration rates of the highly educated by country of origin, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269517

On average, brain drain in the developing world is on the rise. However, the emigration rate of the highly skilled in the Middle East and North Africa decreased between 2000/01 and 2010/11. Considering that the number of highly skilled migrants from the region remarkably increased in the last decade, the fall in the emigration rate of the highly skilled is explained by the contemporaneous rise in the educational attainment level of persons living in the region. For instance, the number of tertiary educated emigrants from Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan and Iran living in an OECD country increased by 50%, while the local highly educated population grew by 150% in ten years. However, a closer look at the evidence reveals that this is not the case for all countries in the region. Morocco, Jordan, Syria and the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (except Iraq) lost many of their highly skilled persons to the OECD and the risk of brain drain in these countries increased between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

Most countries in the region lack opportunities for the growing number of young and educated people. Years of economic instability and unemployment led thousands of people to leave their country, in search of a better future. However, finding employment abroad can also be a challenge. Migrants from the Middle East and North Africa face the highest unemployment rates compared with other migrant groups in the OECD. In 2000/01, the unemployment rate of Middle Eastern and North African emigrants was 16% (Figure 6.7), 7 percentage points higher than the average unemployment rate of all other migrants in the OECD. Ten years later, in 2010/11, the unemployment rate of migrants from the region was even higher (21%). More specifically, one third of all active migrants from Morocco, and one in every five active migrants from Iraq and Qatar were unemployed. Clearly, the recent economic crisis that hit in the second half of the decade led to a worsening of labour market outcomes of migrants in several OECD countries. However, the impact of the crisis was disproportionate; the increase in the unemployment rate was higher for Middle Eastern and North African emigrants than for any other migrant group. This is mainly because migrants from the region were over-represented in sectors mainly hurt by the crisis, such as construction and manufacturing, and also in temporary jobs. Note also that the main destination countries of Middle Eastern and North African migrants are countries which were hit hardest by the crisis such as the United States, Spain, Portugal and Italy. As a result, youth unemployment skyrocketed and reached 50% among young Moroccan and Algerian emigrants at the end of the decade.

Figure 6.7. Employment and unemployment rates of emigrants from MENA in OECD countries, 2000/01, 2005/06 and 2010/11

Note: This is based on 26 OECD destinations for which data were available in the three years. Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, the Czech Republic and Slovenia are excluded. The population refers to persons aged 15-64.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269522

Migrants from the region with higher education tend to fare better in the labour market than those with lower qualifications. Unemployment among the highly skilled migrants from the region was almost half of the total unemployment rate both at the beginning and at the end of the decade. However, finding a job is not the end of the story. Tertiary-educated migrants are often found in jobs that do not correspond to their education levels. One third of all highly educated migrants from the region were working in low- or medium-skilled jobs in 2010/11 and the incidence of overqualification increased by 6 percentage points over the decade.

6. Future challenges

Wars, conflicts, economic and political instability, poverty, and unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa have led thousands of people to leave their home countries for years. The fast-growing population of the region kept the emigration rate stable in the last decade, but the number of emigrants remains considerable. Tertiary educated migrants from the region living in OECD countries increased by almost 70% in the last decade. Yet, a striking rise in the educational attainment of persons in the Middle East and North Africa overall mitigated or prevented any increase in the risk of brain drain.

In fact, emigration from the region is likely to continue. According to the Gallup World Poll Survey 2007-13, 22% of the region’s population have an intention to emigrate. Of them, 19% plan to move in the next twelve months. The intention to emigrate is highest in Syria, Jordan and the Maghreb countries and lowest in oil-producing countries, such as Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar. Consistent with the increasing number of highly skilled migrants, intention to emigrate is higher among the highly skilled: more than a quarter of all tertiary-educated persons residing in the Middle East and North Africa stated their intention to leave their country. The intention to emigrate is even higher among youth (30%), with 45% of those aged 15 to 24 in Tunisia and Algeria wishing to permanently move. If this trend materialises, it is likely to put a burden on the region’s economy, negatively affect productivity and economic growth, and, thus, it represents itself a severe challenge for the future of the region.

Dissatisfaction with the governments instigated the Arab Spring in Tunisia in 2010 spread to several countries in the region in the following years. This phenomenon generated thousands of refugees and asylum seekers and is also expected to give rise to medium-term changes in migrant flows and long-term changes in the composition of the migrant population in destination countries. However, it is still too early and more data are needed to make an accurate prediction about the political and economic situation in the region and its impact on emigration trends. Reducing emigration is challenging, but providing political and economic stability, establishing democracy, and creating employment opportunities will account for at least some of the needs of the growing population.

Database references

Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/els/mig/dioc.htm.

OECD Education Database, www.oecd.org/education/database.htm.

OECD International Migration Database, https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MIG.

Note

 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law

Regional and country notes

Middle East and North Africa

Middle East and North Africa

Algeria

Bahrain

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Morocco

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

United Arab Emirates

Yemen

Middle East and North Africa

Total population (millions) | 431.2 |  |  |  |  |
Population growth (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  |  |  |
GDP per capita (current USD) | 7 387 |  |  |  |  |
GDP growth (annual, in %) | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 18.43 |  |  |  |  |
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 31%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Middle East or North Africa living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 4 461.6 | 3 718.9 | 8 180.5 | 4 344.4 | 3 645.8 | 7 990.2 | .. | .. | .. | 5 721.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   605.1 |   552.3 | 1 157.5 | .. | .. | .. |   684.4
15-24 (%) |    10.3 |    10.7 |    10.5 |     9.9 |    10.5 |    10.2 | .. | .. | .. |     9.7
25-64 (%) |    75.2 |    72.1 |    73.8 |    75.5 |    72.3 |    74.0 | .. | .. | .. |    76.2
65+ (%) |    14.5 |    17.2 |    15.7 |    14.6 |    17.2 |    15.8 | .. | .. | .. |    14.1
Low educated (%) |    39.7 |    45.4 |    42.3 |    39.9 |    45.5 |    42.5 | .. | .. | .. |    47.4
Highly educated (%) |    30.3 |    26.3 |    28.5 |    30.2 |    26.3 |    28.4 | .. | .. | .. |    23.7
Total emigration rates (%) |     3.0 |     2.7 |     2.8 |     2.9 |     2.6 |     2.8 | .. | .. | .. |     2.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |     6.6 |     5.9 |     6.3 |     6.4 |     5.8 |     6.1 | .. | .. | .. |     7.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 2 665.6 | 32.6 |  8.7 | 48.5 | 21.3 |  6.3 | 2 326.3
United States | 1 118.4 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 45.2 | 48.7 | 11.5 |   818.4
Spain |   705.5 |  8.6 | 25.0 | 42.1 | 11.0 | 16.5 |   317.9
Italy |   547.5 |  6.7 | 20.7 | 42.4 | 10.2 | 11.5 |   293.6
Canada |   499.8 |  6.1 | 23.9 | 46.6 | 61.5 | 14.9 |   288.8
Germany |   384.1 |  4.7 | 12.9 | 40.5 | 21.9 | 11.1 |   169.8
Israel |   364.8 |  4.5 |  1.4 | 53.0 | 19.8 |  0.5 |   430.7
United Kingdom |   364.0 |  4.4 | 30.3 | 39.6 | 50.0 | 15.5 |   182.1
Netherlands |   254.7 |  3.1 |  6.7 | 43.3 | 21.8 |  9.2 |   155.1
Belgium |   253.9 |  3.1 | 27.4 | 45.1 | 11.7 |  8.5 |   148.7

Labour market indicators of persons born in the Middle East or North Africa living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment-population ratio (%) |    65.0 |  39.4 |    53.8 |    61.4 |    39.0 |    51.3
Unemployment rate (%) |    14.9 |  19.6 |    16.4 |    19.4 |    24.6 |    21.3
Participation rate (%) |    76.4 |  49.0 |    64.4 |    76.2 |    51.7 |    65.2
Total employed (thousands) | 1 777.7 | 840.4 | 2 618.0 | 2 253.1 | 1 165.3 | 3 418.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |    77.8 |  60.0 |    70.9 |    74.8 |    56.3 |    66.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |     8.1 |  10.6 |     9.0 |    10.9 |    15.0 |    12.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |      .. |    .. |    28.0 |      .. |      .. |    33.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |   578.9 | 285.1 |   864.0 |   845.1 |   478.9 | 1 324.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    40.7 |  37.9 |    37.2 |    33.3 |    39.7 |    36.2
Of which: Health professionals |      .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    11.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |      .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    10.0
Medium-skilled occupations |    57.4 |  57.2 |    50.9 |    50.9 |    46.4 |    48.8
Low-skilled occupations |     1.9 |   4.9 |    11.9 |    15.8 |    13.9 |    15.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01 | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01
France |   568.5 |  41.6 | France | 1 307.5 |   2.9
United States |   544.9 |  42.7 | Spain |   511.1 | 113.4
Canada |   307.2 | 122.3 | Italy |   339.6 |  75.7
United Kingdom |   182.1 | 136.7 | Israel |   178.9 | -22.9
Germany |    84.1 | 168.6 | United States |   178.1 |  14.3
Total | 2 218.6 |  67.3 | Total | 3 315.0 |  24.8

International students from the Middle East or North Africa in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |  68 831 |  71 501 |  73 350
United States |  25 634 |  35 850 |  57 931
United Kingdom |  20 079 |  27 817 |  29 747
Germany |  13 244 |  14 618 |  12 523
Australia |   6 339 |  11 314 |  11 952
Total | 162 790 | 198 195 | 230 851

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (66 678, 6%), FRA (62 497, 39%), DEU (44 182, 4%), ESP (43 395, 12%), ITA (37 990, 12%), CAN (33 845, 13%), SWE (13 235, 16%), GBR (13 000, 3%), AUS (11 072, 4%), BEL (8 566, 7%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 30 | 27 | 23 | 22
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 36
Three main countries of desired destination: Saudi Arabia (14%), France (12%), United States (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270617

Algeria

Total population 2013 (millions) | 39.2 |  |  | Algeria compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 93/187 | 12/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 5 361 |  |  | GDP per capita | 96/209 | 10/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 92/203 | 4/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 73/144 | 5/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 28%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Algeria living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 783.6 | 744.0 | 1 527.7 | 780.9 | 741.8 | 1 522.7 | .. | .. | .. | 1 325.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |      .. |  65.3 |  67.9 |   133.2 | .. | .. | .. |    65.3
15-24 (%) |   5.5 |   5.8 |     5.6 |   5.4 |   5.7 |     5.6 | .. | .. | .. |     4.2
25-64 (%) |  68.3 |  67.8 |    68.1 |  68.3 |  67.8 |    68.1 | .. | .. | .. |    73.3
65+ (%) |  26.2 |  26.4 |    26.3 |  26.3 |  26.5 |    26.4 | .. | .. | .. |    22.5
Low educated (%) |  46.5 |  51.9 |    49.1 |  46.5 |  51.9 |    49.1 | .. | .. | .. |    55.5
Highly educated (%) |  22.5 |  20.0 |    21.3 |  22.5 |  20.0 |    21.3 | .. | .. | .. |    16.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   5.4 |   5.3 |     5.3 |   5.4 |   5.3 |     5.3 | .. | .. | .. |     6.0
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  10.9 |   8.5 |     9.6 |  10.8 |   8.5 |     9.6 | .. | .. | .. |    14.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 1 320.8 | 86.5 |  7.5 | 49.9 | 18.7 |  5.2 | 1 210.6
Canada |    45.2 |  3.0 | 37.9 | 46.0 | 70.2 | 11.7 |    17.4
Spain |    39.4 |  2.6 | 22.9 | 39.6 | 18.3 | 11.6 |    24.8
United Kingdom |    24.2 |  1.6 | 21.1 | 32.7 | 47.6 |  7.0 |     9.9
Belgium |    23.6 |  1.5 | 26.4 | 42.3 | 13.1 |  6.9 |    14.3
Italy |    18.1 |  1.2 | 18.0 | 38.9 | 14.3 |  4.7 |    11.4
United States |    15.6 |  1.0 | 21.8 | 43.5 | 54.2 |  7.3 |    10.5
Israel |    12.7 |  0.8 |  8.1 | 57.2 | 28.9 |   .. |    12.1
Switzerland |     7.2 |  0.5 | 18.5 | 40.5 | 44.6 |  6.3 |     5.8
Netherlands |     3.7 |  0.2 |  8.1 | 33.1 | 21.3 |   .. |      ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Algeria living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  61.2 |  42.9 |  52.6 |  59.5 |  43.4 |  51.7
Unemployment rate (%) |  20.3 |  24.7 |  22.0 |  20.5 |  24.4 |  22.1
Participation rate (%) |  76.8 |  57.0 |  67.5 |  74.8 |  57.4 |  66.3
Total employed (thousands) | 333.5 | 206.2 | 539.7 | 341.9 | 236.7 | 578.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  77.0 |  67.0 |  72.5 |  74.6 |  60.7 |  68.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  11.4 |  12.2 |  11.7 |  13.1 |  17.0 |  14.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  19.1 |    .. |    .. |  29.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  84.4 |  58.7 | 143.1 | 112.3 |  79.7 | 192.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  38.7 |  31.9 |  50.0 |  38.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  15.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  12.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  49.4 |  49.9 |  40.0 |  46.6
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  11.9 |  18.2 |  10.0 |  15.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 246.4 |  +33.7 | France | 676.7 |   -1.4
Canada |  31.7 | +195.6 | Spain |  24.1 |  +40.5
United Kingdom |  11.5 | +211.7 | Italy |  10.1 |  +48.5
United States |   8.5 |  +51.3 | Belgium |   9.3 |  +31.1
Spain |   7.2 | +135.8 | United Kingdom |   6.7 | +140.3
Total | 322.0 |  +48.0 | Total | 743.3 |   +1.5

International students from Algeria in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 18 780 | 20 066 | 21 804
Canada |    796 |    366 |    339
Spain |     51 |    180 |    199
United Kingdom |    335 |    237 |    183
United States |    179 |    176 |    171
Total | 20 653 | 21 578 | 23 281

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (25 132, 16%), ESP (5 677, 1%), CAN (3 245, 1%), DEU (1 566, 0%), USA (1 369, 0%), ITA (944, 0%), BEL (735, 0%), CHE (266, 0%), AUT (249, 0%), POL (178, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 39 | 22 | 26 | 27
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 67
Three main desired countries of destination: France (37%), Canada (11%), United Kingdom (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270464

Bahrain

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1.3 |  |  | Bahrain compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 44/187 | 4/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 24 689 |  |  | GDP per capita | 35/209 | 5/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 154/203 | 11/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 83/144 | 6/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 21%; “15-64”: 77%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Bahrain living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) |  7.2 |  6.0 | 13.2 |  6.8 |  5.9 | 12.7 | .. | .. | .. |  7.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.1 |  0.9 |  1.9 | .. | .. | .. |  1.3
15-24 (%) | 35.7 | 30.9 | 33.5 | 35.2 | 30.3 | 32.9 | .. | .. | .. | 38.2
25-64 (%) | 61.5 | 64.7 | 62.9 | 62.0 | 65.3 | 63.5 | .. | .. | .. | 60.3
65+ (%) |  2.9 |  4.4 |  3.6 |  2.8 |  4.5 |  3.6 | .. | .. | .. |  1.5
Low educated (%) | 11.6 | 13.2 | 12.3 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 12.3 | .. | .. | .. | 16.4
Highly educated (%) | 53.4 | 54.7 | 54.0 | 52.4 | 55.8 | 54.0 | .. | .. | .. | 41.6
Total emigration rates (%) |  1.1 |  1.6 |  1.3 |  1.1 |  1.5 |  1.3 | .. | .. | .. |  1.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 10.1 |  7.7 |  8.9 |  9.5 |  7.7 |  8.6 | .. | .. | .. |  6.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 5.3 | 39.8 | 26.7 | 48.2 | 52.8 | 31.7 | 3.5
United States | 3.6 | 27.1 |   .. | 44.2 | 47.6 | 35.2 | 1.8
Canada | 1.7 | 12.7 |  8.2 | 45.8 | 66.4 | 45.5 | 0.9
Australia | 1.0 |  7.8 | 23.6 | 45.2 | 57.4 | 26.2 | 0.4
Egypt | 0.4 |  3.3 |   .. | 27.3 | 54.5 | 52.3 |  ..
Israel |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  ..
Italy |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 0.0
Turkey |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  ..
Ireland |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 0.1
France |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 0.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Bahrain living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 61.8 | 52.5 | 57.4 | 63.5 | 57.0 | 60.4
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.6 |  7.0 |  7.9 |  9.6 |  6.5 |  8.2
Participation rate (%) | 67.6 | 56.5 | 62.3 | 70.2 | 60.9 | 65.8
Total employed (thousands) |  2.3 |  1.8 |  4.1 |  3.0 |  2.4 |  5.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 69.8 | 63.0 | 66.7 | 76.5 | 66.0 | 71.4
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  8.1 |  4.8 |  6.7 |  7.8 |  5.5 |  6.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 23.2 |   .. |   .. | 23.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.1 |  0.8 |  2.0 |  2.0 |  1.6 |  3.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 52.8 | 61.1 | 54.7 | 57.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.2
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 43.2 | 35.2 | 41.1 | 38.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.1 |  3.8 |  4.2 |  3.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 2.8 | +116.1 | United Kingdom | 0.8 |  +27.0
United States | 1.7 |  +94.3 | United States | 0.4 | +144.5
Canada | 1.1 | +162.4 | Canada | 0.1 |   +5.3
Australia | 0.6 | +284.3 | Australia | 0.1 |  -29.1
Turkey | 0.2 |     .. | Italy | 0.1 | +762.5
Total | 6.8 | +135.3 | Total | 1.6 |  +36.8

International students from Bahrain in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   980 | 1 042 | 1 112
United States |   394 |   411 |   424
Australia |   253 |   213 |   148
Canada |    99 |    87 |    78
New Zealand |    51 |    84 |    42
Total | 1 881 | 1 948 | 1 892

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CAN (190, 0%), JPN (124, 0%), USA (104, 0%), DEU (103, 0%), AUS (60, 0%), CHE (13, 0%), NZL (13, 0%), NLD (6, 0%), ESP (5, 0%), KOR (4, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 4 | 5 | 9 | 5 |  5
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 24
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 48
Three main desired countries of destination: United Arab Emirates (19%), Egypt (13%), Kuwait (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270457

Egypt

Total population 2013 (millions) | 82.1 |  |  | Egypt compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 110/187 | 14/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 314 |  |  | GDP per capita | 121/209 | 14/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 165/203 | 13/19
Poverty rate 2008 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 15.43 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 127/144 | 11/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 31%; “15-64”: 63%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Egypt living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 265.6 | 181.3 | 446.9 | 253.9 | 175.2 | 429.1 | .. | .. | .. | 328.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  39.5 |  23.8 |  63.3 | .. | .. | .. |  45.2
15-24 (%) |   8.3 |   8.2 |   8.2 |   7.9 |   8.0 |   8.0 | .. | .. | .. |   5.7
25-64 (%) |  75.5 |  65.6 |  71.5 |  75.8 |  65.9 |  71.8 | .. | .. | .. |  74.5
65+ (%) |  16.3 |  26.2 |  20.3 |  16.3 |  26.0 |  20.3 | .. | .. | .. |  19.7
Low educated (%) |  15.8 |  20.2 |  17.6 |  15.2 |  19.4 |  16.9 | .. | .. | .. |  20.2
Highly educated (%) |  52.4 |  47.2 |  50.3 |  53.0 |  47.8 |  50.9 | .. | .. | .. |  47.4
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.0 |   0.7 |   0.8 |   0.9 |   0.6 |   0.8 | .. | .. | .. |   0.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   4.0 |   3.2 |   3.7 |   3.9 |   3.2 |   3.6 | .. | .. | .. |   4.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 132.0 | 29.5 | 12.6 | 43.1 | 65.0 |  9.7 | 107.6
Italy |  63.7 | 14.3 | 21.6 | 32.4 | 22.3 | 10.2 |  32.3
Canada |  46.7 | 10.5 | 18.3 | 46.5 | 75.8 | 10.6 |  34.2
Australia |  34.2 |  7.7 |  8.9 | 48.0 | 43.7 |  4.9 |  32.2
United Kingdom |  29.1 |  6.5 | 22.3 | 41.6 | 58.8 |  6.7 |  23.2
Greece |  28.8 |  6.4 | 13.4 | 43.6 | 27.7 |  3.1 |  32.4
France |  28.0 |  6.3 | 11.7 | 33.8 | 42.0 |  6.3 |  21.1
Israel |  19.6 |  4.4 |   .. | 58.1 | 27.8 |   .. |  19.2
Austria |  12.5 |  2.8 | 16.0 | 30.1 | 50.4 |  8.7 |   8.4
Netherlands |   9.7 |  2.2 |  9.5 | 26.1 | 51.9 |  3.2 |   2.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Egypt living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  75.8 | 46.2 |  64.0 |  73.3 | 42.9 |  61.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.8 |  9.2 |   8.2 |  10.6 | 13.3 |  11.3
Participation rate (%) |  82.3 | 50.8 |  69.8 |  82.1 | 49.5 |  69.7
Total employed (thousands) | 123.1 | 49.5 | 172.6 | 155.2 | 55.5 | 210.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  80.9 | 56.0 |  71.9 |  79.6 | 52.8 |  69.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.8 |  7.8 |   6.4 |   8.4 | 11.1 |   9.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  31.9 |    .. |   .. |  37.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  69.3 | 27.4 |  96.7 |  87.4 | 37.2 | 124.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  50.1 |  42.0 | 51.8 |  43.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |  14.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |  10.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  44.0 |  45.6 | 43.9 |  45.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   5.8 |  12.4 |  4.3 |  10.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  85.8 |  +27.3 | Italy | 18.7 | +66.4
Canada |  35.4 |  +58.2 | United States |  9.1 |  -9.1
United Kingdom |  17.1 |  +70.0 | Greece |  8.7 |  +6.0
Australia |  14.9 |  +48.1 | France |  7.0 | +34.8
Italy |  14.2 | +102.3 | Israel |  6.2 |  -1.1
Total | 214.9 |  +42.5 | Total | 71.5 | +11.2

International students from Egypt in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 768 | 2 251 | 2 132
France | 1 032 | 1 256 | 1 177
United Kingdom | 1 395 | 1 396 | 1 156
Germany | 1 017 | 1 275 |   879
Canada |   711 |   846 |   831
Total | 7 397 | 8 873 | 8 375

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (8 988, 0%), ITA (8 623, 2%), CAN (4 825, 1%), DEU (2 916, 0%), FRA (1 287, 0%), AUS (1 152, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), JPN (831, 0%), SWE (648, 0%), AUT (623, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 13 | 28 | 25 | 24 | 19
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 16
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 38
Three main desired countries of destination: Saudi Arabia (35%), Kuwait (11%), United Arab Emirates (10%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270479

Iran

Total population 2013 (millions) | 77.4 |  |  | Iran compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 75/187 | 9/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 4 763 |  |  | GDP per capita | 101/209 | 12/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -5.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 146/203 | 10/19
Poverty rate 2005 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 8.03 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 121/144 | 9/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 24%; “15-64”: 71%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Iran living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 518.2 | 440.6 | 958.8 | 503.5 | 430.5 | 934.0 | .. | .. | .. | 669.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  67.5 |  65.6 | 133.1 | .. | .. | .. |  82.0
15-24 (%) |   8.3 |   7.9 |   8.1 |   8.2 |   8.0 |   8.1 | .. | .. | .. |  10.5
25-64 (%) |  78.4 |  76.7 |  77.6 |  78.6 |  77.0 |  77.8 | .. | .. | .. |  79.3
65+ (%) |  13.4 |  15.3 |  14.3 |  13.2 |  15.0 |  14.0 | .. | .. | .. |  10.1
Low educated (%) |  15.7 |  17.7 |  16.6 |  15.6 |  17.7 |  16.6 | .. | .. | .. |  20.3
Highly educated (%) |  53.4 |  48.4 |  51.1 |  53.8 |  48.8 |  51.5 | .. | .. | .. |  44.4
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.8 |   1.5 |   1.7 |   1.7 |   1.5 |   1.6 | .. | .. | .. |   1.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   4.7 |   4.3 |   4.5 |   4.7 |   4.2 |   4.4 | .. | .. | .. |   6.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 344.2 | 35.9 | 10.1 | 48.1 | 57.9 |  6.0 | 281.1
Canada | 120.0 | 12.5 | 23.3 | 48.5 | 67.4 | 12.1 |  68.5
Germany | 110.1 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 42.7 | 36.7 |  6.3 |  69.2
United Kingdom |  81.6 |  8.5 | 26.6 | 39.9 | 55.1 | 12.9 |  39.6
Sweden |  59.9 |  6.2 | 19.9 | 47.3 | 36.9 |  7.8 |  50.3
Israel |  45.0 |  4.7 |  1.0 | 51.5 | 22.2 |  0.6 |  53.2
Australia |  32.1 |  3.3 | 30.0 | 46.4 | 48.8 | 11.8 |  17.2
Netherlands |  29.7 |  3.1 |  5.3 | 42.1 | 38.8 | 14.6 |    ..
France |  21.2 |  2.2 | 11.4 | 47.7 | 65.0 |  4.7 |  17.9
Austria |  13.7 |  1.4 | 10.7 | 48.8 | 40.3 |  8.8 |  10.7

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Iran living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  71.8 |  47.9 |  61.1 |  69.0 |  53.2 |  61.8
Unemployment rate (%) |   7.9 |  10.0 |   8.6 |  11.7 |  13.1 |  12.3
Participation rate (%) |  77.9 |  53.2 |  66.9 |  78.1 |  61.2 |  70.4
Total employed (thousands) | 230.1 | 123.8 | 353.9 | 300.4 | 193.4 | 493.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  82.1 |  61.9 |  74.3 |  78.1 |  63.0 |  71.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   5.2 |   8.3 |   6.2 |   8.3 |  11.1 |   9.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  30.9 |    .. |    .. |  30.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 132.8 |  62.8 | 195.7 | 181.8 | 120.6 | 302.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  50.3 |  51.4 |  52.1 |  51.6
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  11.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   9.0
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  46.9 |  44.3 |  44.8 |  44.2
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   2.8 |   4.3 |   3.1 |   4.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 199.4 |  +30.6 | United States |  37.9 |   -4.8
Canada |  80.9 | +124.0 | Germany |  25.0 |  +59.1
United Kingdom |  44.9 | +128.8 | Israel |  21.7 |  -18.5
Germany |  40.4 |  +80.0 | United Kingdom |  18.6 | +172.4
Sweden |  22.1 |  +54.9 | Canada |   9.3 |  -12.6
Total | 471.2 |  +62.6 | Total | 151.5 |  +14.4

International students from Iran in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  3 063 |  4 689 |  6 763
United Kingdom |  2 400 |  3 163 |  3 372
Italy |  1 289 |  1 678 |  2 975
Canada |  2 086 |  2 364 |  2 805
Germany |  2 080 |  2 526 |  2 571
Total | 18 221 | 25 667 | 32 758

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (12 916, 1%), DEU (8 215, 0%), CAN (6 465, 2%), AUS (4 635, 1%), AUT (2 409, 1%), SWE (2 111, 2%), ITA (1 378, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), NOR (755, 1%), ESP (655, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 17 | 32 | 30 | 20 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Three main desired countries of destination: Canada (18%), United States (13%), Germany (12%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270483

Iraq

Total population 2013 (millions) | 33.4 |  |  | Iraq compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 120/187 | 16/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 6 862 |  |  | GDP per capita | 85/209 | 9/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 115/203 | 5/19
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 21.17 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 92/144 | 7/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 40%; “15-64”: 57%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Iraq living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 371.9 | 298.1 | 670.0 | 362.6 | 291.5 | 654.1 | .. | .. | .. | 409.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  84.5 |  73.0 | 157.5 | .. | .. | .. |  99.0
15-24 (%) |  16.5 |  18.3 |  17.3 |  16.4 |  18.3 |  17.2 | .. | .. | .. |  14.1
25-64 (%) |  72.9 |  67.6 |  70.5 |  72.9 |  67.4 |  70.5 | .. | .. | .. |  74.7
65+ (%) |  10.6 |  14.1 |  12.2 |  10.7 |  14.3 |  12.3 | .. | .. | .. |  11.2
Low educated (%) |  38.5 |  42.4 |  40.2 |  39.1 |  42.8 |  40.7 | .. | .. | .. |  45.1
Highly educated (%) |  31.3 |  28.2 |  29.9 |  30.5 |  27.8 |  29.3 | .. | .. | .. |  26.0
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.9 |   3.2 |   3.5 |   3.8 |   3.1 |   3.5 | .. | .. | .. |   2.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   7.1 |   8.5 |   7.6 |   6.7 |   8.2 |   7.3 | .. | .. | .. |   8.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 127.2 | 19.0 | 25.3 | 48.5 | 30.9 | 14.2 | 82.5
Sweden | 105.2 | 15.7 | 42.1 | 45.4 | 26.2 | 23.5 | 53.6
Germany |  78.3 | 11.7 | 21.9 | 40.5 | 16.9 | 20.4 | 47.8
United Kingdom |  70.4 | 10.5 | 25.1 | 36.2 | 42.6 | 13.4 | 29.1
Israel |  57.0 |  8.5 |  0.1 | 52.7 | 15.5 |   .. | 73.8
Canada |  46.9 |  7.0 | 30.5 | 48.5 | 44.6 | 17.7 | 23.0
Australia |  44.3 |  6.6 | 24.8 | 48.4 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 21.2
Netherlands |  34.0 |  5.1 |  9.7 | 39.7 | 30.8 | 23.6 | 20.9
Denmark |  19.6 |  2.9 |  6.6 | 44.3 | 17.2 | 25.1 | 13.4
Norway |  18.9 |  2.8 | 25.1 | 42.3 | 20.1 | 25.6 | 11.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Iraq living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  54.0 | 30.1 |  44.4 |  53.7 | 30.4 |  43.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  16.9 | 15.0 |  16.4 |  18.9 | 21.9 |  19.9
Participation rate (%) |  65.0 | 35.5 |  53.0 |  66.2 | 38.9 |  54.3
Total employed (thousands) | 113.6 | 43.0 | 156.6 | 172.4 | 75.0 | 247.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  68.5 | 48.6 |  61.4 |  63.8 | 43.7 |  55.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  10.8 | 13.1 |  11.5 |  15.0 | 17.1 |  15.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  38.0 |    .. |   .. |  45.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  36.0 | 14.2 |  50.2 |  59.3 | 31.0 |  90.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  31.5 |  27.2 | 32.8 |  29.1
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   7.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   6.7
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  59.4 |  56.9 | 55.5 |  56.6
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   9.1 |  15.9 | 11.7 |  14.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  39.3 |  +75.7 | Germany |  43.8 |  +44.0
United Kingdom |  30.0 | +119.9 | United States |  38.5 |  +25.0
Sweden |  27.6 |  +97.8 | Sweden |  34.3 | +114.0
Canada |  20.9 | +160.9 | Israel |  32.3 |  -23.8
Germany |  13.3 |  +49.4 | United Kingdom |  27.3 | +245.0
Total | 181.8 |  +83.0 | Total | 252.8 |  +46.3

International students from Iraq in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   557 |   779 | 1 251
United States |   307 |   419 |   784
Turkey |   267 |   326 |   452
Australia |    72 |   206 |   314
Germany |   324 |   364 |   293
Total | 2 409 | 3 088 | 4 350

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (20 369, 1%), DEU (6 654, 0%), SWE (3 579, 4%), GBR (3 000, 0%), AUS (2 459, 1%), CAN (2 125, 0%), NLD (679, 0%), FIN (584, 2%), BEL (498, 0%), AUT (461, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 15 | 24 | 21 | 19 | 19
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 24
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 50
Three main desired countries of destination: Sweden (11%), United States (8%), United Kingdom (7%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270495

Jordan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.5 |  |  | Jordan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 77/187 | 10/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 5 213 |  |  | GDP per capita | 98/209 | 11/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 126/203 | 6/19
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 1.17 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 102/144 | 8/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 34%; “15-64”: 62%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Jordan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 65.4 | 45.6 | 111.0 | 61.2 | 43.4 | 104.6 | .. | .. | .. | 64.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  8.1 |  6.4 |  14.5 | .. | .. | .. | 11.8
15-24 (%) | 13.2 | 14.0 |  13.5 | 12.1 | 13.6 |  12.7 | .. | .. | .. | 13.0
25-64 (%) | 78.5 | 78.0 |  78.3 | 79.6 | 78.1 |  79.0 | .. | .. | .. | 81.9
65+ (%) |  8.4 |  8.1 |   8.2 |  8.3 |  8.3 |   8.3 | .. | .. | .. |  5.1
Low educated (%) | 15.7 | 20.7 |  17.8 | 15.7 | 20.2 |  17.6 | .. | .. | .. | 20.4
Highly educated (%) | 47.3 | 41.7 |  45.0 | 47.5 | 41.9 |  45.1 | .. | .. | .. | 41.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  3.2 |  2.3 |   2.8 |  3.0 |  2.2 |   2.6 | .. | .. | .. |  2.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  7.1 |  5.5 |   6.4 |  6.7 |  5.2 |   6.1 | .. | .. | .. |  5.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 64.5 | 58.1 | 10.6 | 44.3 | 43.1 | 11.9 | 45.2
Canada |  8.0 |  7.2 | 28.2 | 44.6 | 62.4 | 25.1 |  4.2
Germany |  6.7 |  6.1 |  7.6 | 21.8 | 42.7 |   .. |   ..
United Kingdom |  5.2 |  4.6 | 44.4 | 36.6 | 63.9 | 25.0 |  2.6
Australia |  4.0 |  3.6 | 15.8 | 43.8 | 44.6 | 13.8 |  2.7
Egypt |  2.9 |  2.6 |   .. | 42.0 | 37.9 | 38.9 |   ..
Italy |  2.5 |  2.2 |  9.3 | 27.5 | 43.7 |  5.8 |  1.9
Sweden |  1.9 |  1.7 | 47.8 | 38.1 | 31.3 | 17.2 |  1.2
Spain |  1.7 |  1.5 | 17.7 | 26.2 | 56.4 |  9.9 |  1.1
Turkey |  1.4 |  1.3 |   .. | 80.4 | 37.4 |   .. |  0.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Jordan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 74.4 | 33.6 | 59.1 | 72.8 | 35.0 | 57.0
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.0 | 11.6 |  8.0 |  9.6 | 19.5 | 12.3
Participation rate (%) | 80.0 | 38.0 | 64.2 | 80.5 | 43.5 | 65.1
Total employed (thousands) | 28.3 |  7.7 | 36.0 | 40.6 | 14.0 | 54.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 82.4 | 41.2 | 69.5 | 81.9 | 46.4 | 68.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.1 | 10.5 |  6.2 |  7.5 | 16.1 | 10.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 39.4 |   .. |   .. | 38.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 14.6 |  3.3 | 17.9 | 22.1 |  8.1 | 30.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 39.3 | 39.8 | 45.0 | 41.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 10.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 11.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 58.9 | 56.4 | 52.6 | 54.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  1.7 |  3.8 |  2.4 |  3.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 27.8 |  +55.7 | United States | 10.7 |  +19.9
Canada |  5.0 | +144.3 | Germany |  1.9 |     ..
United Kingdom |  3.3 | +119.2 | Canada |  0.9 |   -4.9
Germany |  2.9 |     .. | Israel |  0.8 | +806.9
Australia |  1.8 | +109.7 | United Kingdom |  0.7 | +102.4
Total | 46.7 |  +78.2 | Total | 18.2 |  +41.0

International students from Jordan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 801 | 1 977 | 1 997
United Kingdom | 1 286 | 1 355 | 1 394
Germany |   453 |   619 |   560
Canada |   333 |   369 |   384
Greece |   229 |   219 |   290
Total | 5 054 | 5 676 | 5 688

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (4 099, 0%), DEU (1 242, 0%), CAN (890, 0%), AUS (351, 0%), SWE (291, 0%), KOR (182, 0%), JPN (173, 0%), ESP (141, 0%), ITA (103, 0%), AUT (70, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 21 | 35 | 33 | 30 | 26
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 51
Three main desired countries of destination: United Arab Emirates (24%), Saudi Arabia (19%), United States (14%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270508

Kuwait

Total population 2013 (millions) | 3.4 |  |  | Kuwait compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 46/187 | 5/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 52 197 |  |  | GDP per capita | 11/209 | 2/19
GDP growth 2012 (annual, in %) | 8.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 128/203 | 7/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 32/144 | 1/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 25%; “15-64”: 73%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Kuwait living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 34.6 | 25.5 | 60.1 | 33.0 | 24.5 | 57.5 | .. | .. | .. | 37.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.8 |  4.9 | 12.6 | .. | .. | .. | 10.9
15-24 (%) | 23.1 | 19.9 | 21.7 | 22.2 | 19.9 | 21.2 | .. | .. | .. | 35.7
25-64 (%) | 76.5 | 79.6 | 77.8 | 77.6 | 79.5 | 78.4 | .. | .. | .. | 64.0
65+ (%) |  0.4 |  0.5 |  0.5 |  0.2 |  0.5 |  0.4 | .. | .. | .. |  0.4
Low educated (%) | 14.8 | 15.4 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 15.5 | .. | .. | .. | 17.0
Highly educated (%) | 52.5 | 54.4 | 53.3 | 53.0 | 54.4 | 53.6 | .. | .. | .. | 45.2
Total emigration rates (%) |  2.5 |  2.8 |  2.6 |  2.4 |  2.6 |  2.5 | .. | .. | .. |  2.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 20.9 | 16.0 | 18.4 | 20.2 | 15.5 | 17.9 | .. | .. | .. | 10.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 23.2 | 38.5 | 15.8 | 43.0 | 55.7 | 19.5 | 18.6
Canada | 11.9 | 19.8 | 16.1 | 47.6 | 68.2 | 25.4 |  7.4
United Kingdom | 11.4 | 19.0 | 43.6 | 39.8 | 49.2 | 22.5 |  4.9
Australia |  3.7 |  6.1 | 28.1 | 42.0 | 46.5 | 23.9 |  1.9
Egypt |  1.9 |  3.2 |   .. | 35.6 | 42.4 | 38.2 |   ..
Denmark |  1.3 |  2.1 |  4.4 | 42.2 | 11.3 | 21.7 |  0.9
Netherlands |  1.0 |  1.7 |   .. | 51.2 |  6.6 |  7.6 |   ..
Sweden |  0.9 |  1.5 | 39.3 | 41.1 | 36.7 | 21.1 |  0.8
Austria |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
France |  0.6 |  1.0 | 34.6 | 46.5 | 62.0 | 21.5 |  0.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Kuwait living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 56.8 | 37.0 | 48.7 | 61.9 | 41.5 | 53.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.8 | 11.6 |  9.7 | 11.1 | 14.6 | 12.3
Participation rate (%) | 62.2 | 41.8 | 53.8 | 69.6 | 48.5 | 60.6
Total employed (thousands) | 12.4 |  5.6 | 18.0 | 20.4 | 10.2 | 30.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 72.6 | 50.1 | 63.9 | 76.3 | 52.2 | 65.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.9 |  9.3 |  6.3 |  7.6 | 12.3 |  9.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 33.3 |   .. |   .. | 29.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  7.3 |  3.2 | 10.5 | 13.2 |  6.9 | 20.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.8 | 54.3 | 54.8 | 55.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.1
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 49.9 | 41.6 | 42.2 | 40.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  2.3 |  4.1 |  3.0 |  4.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 12.9 |  +38.6 | United Kingdom | 3.4 | +219.9
Canada |  8.1 | +141.4 | United States | 1.5 |  -11.0
United Kingdom |  5.6 | +186.8 | Canada | 1.1 |  -36.7
Australia |  1.7 | +196.7 | Denmark | 0.6 |  +46.9
France |  0.4 |  +72.7 | Netherlands | 0.5 |     ..
Total | 30.5 |  +85.6 | Total | 8.8 |  +42.6

International students from Kuwait in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 825 | 2 420 | 3 605
United Kingdom | 1 265 | 1 643 | 1 816
Australia |   240 |   268 |   494
Canada |   228 |   204 |   165
Slovak Republic |   413 |   214 |   101
Total | 4 288 | 5 008 | 6 428

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (1 044, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), CAN (655, 0%), DEU (217, 0%), JPN (190, 0%), ESP (29, 0%), FRA (18, 0%), AUS (18, 0%), NLD (14, 0%), CHE (10, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 6 | 6 | 11 | 10 |  7
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 17
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 40
Three main desired countries of destination: Egypt (24%), United States (15%), Saudi Arabia (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270518

Lebanon

Total population 2013 (millions) | 4.5 |  |  | Lebanon compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 65/187 | 8/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 9 928 |  |  | GDP per capita | 70/209 | 8/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 52/203 | 1/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 21%; “15-64”: 71%; “65+”: 9% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Lebanon living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 276.0 | 219.3 | 495.3 | 261.7 | 211.0 | 472.7 | .. | .. | .. | 340.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  23.5 |  19.4 |  42.9 | .. | .. | .. |  35.5
15-24 (%) |   7.1 |   8.8 |   7.9 |   7.1 |   8.8 |   7.8 | .. | .. | .. |  11.6
25-64 (%) |  81.4 |  77.2 |  79.5 |  82.2 |  78.0 |  80.3 | .. | .. | .. |  79.0
65+ (%) |  11.5 |  14.0 |  12.6 |  10.8 |  13.2 |  11.9 | .. | .. | .. |   9.4
Low educated (%) |  29.5 |  35.1 |  32.0 |  29.3 |  35.0 |  31.8 | .. | .. | .. |  35.2
Highly educated (%) |  38.2 |  32.7 |  35.8 |  38.6 |  32.9 |  36.1 | .. | .. | .. |  31.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  14.1 |  11.9 |  13.0 |  13.4 |  11.5 |  12.5 | .. | .. | .. |  12.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. | .. | .. | .. |    ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 122.7 | 24.8 |  6.1 | 45.3 | 46.7 |  5.5 | 106.2
Canada |  79.4 | 16.0 | 13.1 | 46.4 | 50.2 |  7.9 |  65.0
Australia |  74.8 | 15.1 |  5.6 | 48.3 | 14.8 |  4.7 |  69.3
Germany |  61.5 | 12.4 |  6.1 | 41.0 | 10.5 | 11.0 |    ..
France |  43.3 |  8.8 | 14.8 | 42.9 | 57.1 |  9.9 |  33.4
Sweden |  22.6 |  4.6 | 18.1 | 44.5 | 15.5 |  9.1 |  19.9
United Kingdom |  15.3 |  3.1 | 21.8 | 41.2 | 53.5 |  9.4 |   9.8
Denmark |  12.0 |  2.4 |  3.4 | 45.5 | 15.6 |  8.3 |  11.4
Brazil |  11.8 |  2.4 |   .. | 36.1 | 23.1 |  7.8 |  15.8
Israel |   6.9 |  1.4 |  0.5 | 56.0 | 30.2 | 16.5 |   5.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Lebanon living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  68.0 | 37.8 |  54.8 |  68.4 | 41.5 |  56.6
Unemployment rate (%) |   9.6 | 12.4 |  10.5 |  12.0 | 14.5 |  12.8
Participation rate (%) |  75.3 | 43.2 |  61.2 |  77.8 | 48.5 |  64.9
Total employed (thousands) | 117.5 | 51.3 | 168.8 | 159.0 | 75.6 | 234.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  82.0 | 58.0 |  73.0 |  82.4 | 60.3 |  73.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   6.0 |  9.2 |   6.9 |   6.8 | 11.0 |   8.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  28.0 |    .. |   .. |  26.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  51.5 | 21.8 |  73.3 |  74.5 | 38.1 | 112.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  45.1 |  43.2 | 45.7 |  46.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |  10.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   8.6
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  49.7 |  49.4 | 48.0 |  46.6
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   5.2 |   7.4 |  6.3 |   6.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  57.3 | +30.5 | Germany |  38.7 |    ..
Canada |  39.9 | +73.3 | Australia |  32.8 | -15.9
France |  24.8 | +52.3 | United States |  21.1 | -10.6
Australia |  11.0 | +75.1 | Canada |  16.2 | -20.3
United Kingdom |   8.2 | +91.9 | France |   8.5 |  -0.6
Total | 165.6 | +58.6 | Total | 146.2 | +26.3

International students from Lebanon in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |  5 609 | 5 137 | 4 567
United States |  1 809 | 1 594 | 1 308
Italy |    702 |   686 |   793
United Kingdom |    560 |   536 |   675
Canada |    651 |   594 |   528
Total | 10 743 | 9 991 | 9 261

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (2 879, 0%), DEU (2 135, 0%), AUS (1 501, 0%), FRA (1 292, 0%), CAN (1 180, 0%), SWE (380, 0%), ITA (286, 0%), ESP (196, 0%), CHE (193, 0%), BEL (156, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 26 | 39 | 33 | 31 | 30
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 60
Three main desired countries of destination: Canada (13%), United States (13%), Australia (11%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270525

Libya

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.2 |  |  | Libya compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 55/187 | 6/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 11 965 |  |  | GDP per capita | 61/209 | 7/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -10.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 130/203 | 8/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 130/144 | 13/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 66%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Libya living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 56.4 | 48.4 | 104.8 | 52.5 | 45.9 | 98.4 | .. | .. | .. | 82.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  6.6 |  4.2 | 10.8 | .. | .. | .. |  2.9
15-24 (%) |  6.9 |  6.6 |   6.7 |  5.9 |  5.4 |  5.7 | .. | .. | .. |  6.7
25-64 (%) | 69.3 | 59.3 |  64.7 | 68.9 | 58.9 | 64.3 | .. | .. | .. | 72.2
65+ (%) | 23.8 | 34.1 |  28.6 | 25.1 | 35.7 | 30.1 | .. | .. | .. | 21.1
Low educated (%) | 32.8 | 44.0 |  38.0 | 33.3 | 44.5 | 38.6 | .. | .. | .. | 50.4
Highly educated (%) | 37.2 | 28.4 |  33.1 | 36.3 | 27.9 | 32.4 | .. | .. | .. | 21.2
Total emigration rates (%) |  2.5 |  2.3 |   2.4 |  2.4 |  2.2 |  2.3 | .. | .. | .. |  2.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  4.4 |  2.5 |   3.3 |  4.0 |  2.3 |  3.1 | .. | .. | .. |  4.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Italy | 34.2 | 32.7 |  1.4 | 52.5 |  9.9 |  0.8 | 37.4
United States | 17.0 | 16.2 |   .. | 43.8 | 53.8 |  7.1 |  8.4
Israel | 15.6 | 14.9 |   .. | 50.0 | 11.1 |   .. | 17.2
United Kingdom | 13.9 | 13.3 | 40.2 | 41.6 | 58.5 | 12.0 |  7.7
Canada |  4.5 |  4.3 | 39.1 | 43.9 | 75.4 | 16.7 |  2.1
Egypt |  2.9 |  2.8 |   .. | 43.5 | 41.5 | 23.5 |   ..
Turkey |  2.6 |  2.5 | 11.6 | 31.8 | 39.8 | 17.1 |  2.6
Australia |  2.2 |  2.1 | 35.7 | 44.1 | 45.2 |  7.4 |  1.2
France |  2.0 |  2.0 | 28.7 | 44.7 | 42.9 | 10.7 |  1.3
Switzerland |  1.3 |  1.2 | 22.4 | 38.8 | 50.8 |   .. |  0.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Libya living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 63.8 | 42.9 | 54.1 | 58.2 | 40.4 | 50.4
Unemployment rate (%) |  9.7 |  7.5 |  8.9 | 10.9 | 13.7 | 11.9
Participation rate (%) | 70.7 | 46.4 | 59.4 | 65.3 | 46.8 | 57.2
Total employed (thousands) | 22.2 | 12.9 | 35.0 | 17.6 |  9.4 | 27.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 72.1 | 55.2 | 65.6 | 59.4 | 41.7 | 52.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  8.0 |  7.4 |  7.8 | 11.2 | 17.3 | 13.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 23.2 |   .. |   .. | 34.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  6.9 |  3.3 | 10.2 |  7.2 |  3.4 | 10.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 44.3 | 43.3 | 38.4 | 42.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.8
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.5 | 51.1 | 54.2 | 51.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.2 |  5.6 |  7.4 |  6.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  9.2 | +114.8 | Italy | 19.3 | -14.2
United Kingdom |  8.2 | +117.1 | Israel | 11.1 |  -7.8
Canada |  3.4 | +156.1 | United Kingdom |  2.7 | +59.8
Italy |  3.4 |   -6.8 | United States |  1.7 | +68.7
Israel |  1.7 |   -7.4 | France |  0.6 | +21.6
Total | 31.6 |  +84.1 | Total | 37.6 |  -7.7

International students from Libya in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 1 623 | 2 827 | 1 755
United States |   155 | 1 055 | 1 286
Australia |    76 |   183 |   636
France |   235 |   277 |   352
Canada |   300 |   243 |   234
Total | 2 906 | 5 090 | 4 744

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (3 000, 0%), DEU (1 920, 0%), CAN (425, 0%), USA (315, 0%), ITA (283, 0%), KOR (179, 0%), FRA (176, 0%), SWE (124, 0%), ESP (81, 0%), AUT (65, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 21 | 25 | 25 | 22 | 23
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 45
Three main desired countries of destination: United Arab Emirates (26%), Saudi Arabia (18%), United States (10%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270530

Morocco

Total population 2013 (millions) | 33.0 |  |  | Morocco compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 129/187 | 17/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 093 |  |  | GDP per capita | 125/209 | 15/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 67/203 | 2/19
Poverty rate 2007 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 14.22 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 42/144 | 3/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 28%; “15-64”: 67%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Morocco living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 1 381.8 | 1 187.7 | 2 569.5 | 1 379.5 | 1 185.8 | 2 565.3 | .. | .. | .. | 1 674.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   196.4 |   211.9 |   408.3 | .. | .. | .. |   242.3
15-24 (%) |     9.9 |    11.4 |    10.6 |     9.8 |    11.4 |    10.6 | .. | .. | .. |    12.2
25-64 (%) |    80.1 |    77.3 |    78.8 |    80.1 |    77.3 |    78.8 | .. | .. | .. |    79.3
65+ (%) |    10.1 |    11.3 |    10.6 |    10.1 |    11.3 |    10.6 | .. | .. | .. |     8.5
Low educated (%) |    55.6 |    60.5 |    57.9 |    55.7 |    60.6 |    57.9 | .. | .. | .. |    61.1
Highly educated (%) |    18.2 |    15.8 |    17.1 |    18.2 |    15.7 |    17.1 | .. | .. | .. |    14.2
Total emigration rates (%) |    11.0 |     9.3 |    10.1 |    11.0 |     9.3 |    10.1 | .. | .. | .. |     8.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    14.5 |    17.6 |    15.7 |    14.4 |    17.5 |    15.6 | .. | .. | .. |    14.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 858.4 | 33.4 |  9.6 | 48.8 | 21.3 |  8.4 | 686.3
Spain | 643.4 | 25.0 | 25.2 | 42.6 |  9.1 | 17.1 | 278.5
Italy | 321.5 | 12.5 | 23.8 | 44.7 |  6.2 | 14.6 | 137.7
Belgium | 184.5 |  7.2 | 25.5 | 47.8 |  9.7 |  7.8 | 113.7
Netherlands | 151.7 |  5.9 |  6.1 | 47.2 | 14.2 |  4.6 | 132.0
Israel | 137.7 |  5.4 |  0.5 | 52.9 | 21.9 |  0.1 | 169.8
Germany |  87.9 |  3.4 | 10.8 | 40.0 | 14.0 |  6.7 |  52.8
United States |  63.8 |  2.5 | 16.3 | 42.0 | 45.5 |  7.5 |  38.7
Canada |  53.4 |  2.1 | 33.2 | 46.8 | 63.8 | 10.3 |  24.4
United Kingdom |  21.3 |  0.8 | 22.6 | 47.8 | 39.5 |  5.9 |  11.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Morocco living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  65.5 |  35.3 |  52.2 |  58.4 |  33.9 |    47.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  16.7 |  24.3 |  19.1 |  26.8 |  34.6 |    29.6
Participation rate (%) |  78.6 |  46.7 |  64.6 |  79.8 |  51.9 |    67.0
Total employed (thousands) | 554.3 | 234.2 | 788.5 | 721.2 | 355.5 | 1 076.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  76.3 |  63.8 |  71.2 |  75.0 |  57.7 |    67.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  10.9 |  12.4 |  11.5 |  14.6 |  19.6 |    16.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  26.2 |    .. |    .. |    38.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 101.0 |  58.1 | 159.1 | 169.4 |  96.7 |   266.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  25.9 |  16.4 |  22.6 |    24.5
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |     8.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    12.0
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  52.8 |  54.8 |  44.4 |    50.7
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  21.3 |  28.9 |  33.0 |    24.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 182.4 |  +56.2 | Spain |   481.3 | +121.4
Spain |  58.6 | +117.2 | France |   425.6 |  +12.6
Canada |  34.1 | +168.3 | Italy |   228.7 | +116.9
Israel |  30.2 |  +24.4 | Netherlands |    88.0 |  -10.5
United States |  29.0 |  +74.4 | Belgium |    81.4 |  +32.8
Total | 424.9 |  +81.8 | Total | 1 443.0 |  +43.6

International students from Morocco in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 26 998 | 27 467 | 28 778
Spain |  1 803 |  3 514 |  3 209
Germany |  3 553 |  3 098 |  2 469
Italy |  1 207 |  1 554 |  1 766
Canada |  1 587 |  1 440 |  1 311
Total | 37 372 | 39 488 | 40 238

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ESP (34 980, 10%), FRA (20 175, 12%), ITA (19 590, 6%), BEL (5 748, 5%), DEU (5 024, 0%), USA (3 656, 0%), CAN (3 630, 1%), NLD (1 432, 1%), CHE (505, 0%), SWE (475, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 23 | 45 | 30 | 27 | 29
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 43
Three main desired countries of destination: France (29%), Italy (15%), Spain (14%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270544

Qatar

Total population 2013 (millions) | 2.2 |  |  | Qatar compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 31/187 | 1/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 93 714 |  |  | GDP per capita | 3/209 | 1/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 6.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 183/203 | 16/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 129/144 | 12/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 14%; “15-64”: 85%; “65+”: 1% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Qatar living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) |  5.1 |  3.4 |  8.5 |  4.7 |  3.1 |  7.8 | .. | .. | .. |  3.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.2 |  0.5 |  1.7 | .. | .. | .. |  1.0
15-24 (%) | 40.2 | 36.9 | 38.9 | 40.1 | 34.8 | 38.0 | .. | .. | .. | 46.1
25-64 (%) | 57.9 | 61.9 | 59.5 | 58.1 | 64.1 | 60.5 | .. | .. | .. | 52.4
65+ (%) |  1.9 |  1.1 |  1.6 |  1.8 |  1.1 |  1.5 | .. | .. | .. |  1.6
Low educated (%) | 15.0 | 17.5 | 16.0 | 15.1 | 18.3 | 16.4 | .. | .. | .. | 16.6
Highly educated (%) | 46.7 | 50.5 | 48.2 | 47.8 | 49.5 | 48.5 | .. | .. | .. | 45.2
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.4 |  0.9 |  0.6 |  0.4 |  0.8 |  0.5 | .. | .. | .. |  0.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  3.4 |  3.8 |  3.6 |  3.2 |  3.4 |  3.3 | .. | .. | .. |  2.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 2.6 | 31.0 |   .. | 36.7 | 53.5 |  42.8 | 1.4
United Kingdom | 2.1 | 25.0 | 60.3 | 36.0 | 51.6 |  44.3 | 0.8
Greece | 1.1 | 13.3 |  2.3 | 54.0 | 13.6 |  12.4 | 0.0
Canada | 1.1 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 40.5 | 61.7 |  46.8 | 0.6
Australia | 0.4 |  4.6 | 26.0 | 42.9 | 50.6 |  31.1 | 0.1
Egypt | 0.3 |  4.0 |   .. | 29.4 |  47.1 |  35.3 |  ..
Belarus |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |  ..
France |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. | 0.1
Philippines |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |  ..
Ireland |  .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Qatar living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 45.4 | 35.3 | 41.4 | 45.9 | 43.8 | 45.0
Unemployment rate (%) | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 17.7 | 16.5 | 17.2
Participation rate (%) | 50.9 | 39.4 | 46.3 | 55.7 | 52.4 | 54.4
Total employed (thousands) |  0.9 |  0.4 |  1.3 |  1.3 |  0.9 |  2.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 64.3 | 41.8 | 55.3 | 59.7 | 54.7 | 57.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  6.4 |  8.2 |  6.9 |  8.3 | 12.4 | 10.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 18.2 |   .. |   .. | 21.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  0.5 |  0.2 |  0.8 |  0.8 |  0.6 |  1.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 60.1 | 59.0 | 50.3 | 57.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 37.3 | 36.6 | 41.1 | 37.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  2.7 |  4.4 |  8.6 |  5.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 1.4 |    +83.9 | Greece | 0.4 |     ..
United Kingdom | 1.1 |   +266.2 | United Kingdom | 0.4 | +233.3
Canada | 0.7 |   +168.6 | United States | 0.3 | +112.3
Australia | 0.2 |   +603.6 | Canada | 0.1 |  -30.3
Greece | 0.2 | +3 725.0 | Australia | 0.0 |  +15.4
Total | 3.7 |   +160.8 | Total | 1.3 | +139.9

International students from Qatar in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   704 | 1 059 | 1 252
United States |   345 |   657 |   948
Australia |   122 |   126 |    93
France |    50 |    32 |    53
Canada |    55 |    36 |    18
Total | 1 325 | 1 955 | 2 403

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CAN (520, 0%), DEU (189, 0%), JPN (150, 0%), USA (141, 0%), KOR (16, 0%), FRA (13, 0%), HUN (9, 0%), NLD (4, 0%), ESP (2, 0%), AUT (1, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 11 | 13 | 18 | 20 | 15
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 36
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 42
Three main desired countries of destination: Egypt (13%), United Arab Emirates (13%), Canada (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270559

Saudi Arabia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 28.8 |  |  | Saudi Arabia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 34/187 | 2/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 25 962 |  |  | GDP per capita | 33/209 | 4/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 180/203 | 15/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 137/144 | 15/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 68%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Saudi Arabia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 71.6 | 45.6 | 117.2 | 66.5 | 42.8 | 109.3 | .. | .. | .. | 34.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 29.8 | 16.9 |  46.8 | .. | .. | .. | 11.2
15-24 (%) | 44.9 | 43.5 |  44.4 | 45.5 | 43.7 |  44.8 | .. | .. | .. | 49.0
25-64 (%) | 54.2 | 55.8 |  54.8 | 53.9 | 55.8 |  54.6 | .. | .. | .. | 49.7
65+ (%) |  0.9 |  0.7 |   0.8 |  0.6 |  0.4 |   0.5 | .. | .. | .. |  1.3
Low educated (%) | 11.6 | 15.3 |  13.0 | 11.2 | 13.9 |  12.2 | .. | .. | .. | 23.4
Highly educated (%) | 49.0 | 51.6 |  50.0 | 49.5 | 52.9 |  50.9 | .. | .. | .. | 36.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.7 |  0.6 |   0.6 |  0.6 |  0.5 |   0.6 | .. | .. | .. |  0.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  2.9 |  2.3 |   2.6 |  2.7 |  2.2 |   2.5 | .. | .. | .. |  0.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 41.1 | 35.0 | 54.1 | 38.9 | 48.2 | 45.4 | 18.2
United Kingdom | 25.3 | 21.5 | 71.7 | 39.4 | 57.9 | 41.4 |  5.1
Canada | 17.9 | 15.3 | 23.4 | 40.3 | 58.9 | 50.9 |  5.0
Australia |  7.8 |  6.6 | 71.7 | 40.0 | 49.5 | 37.7 |  0.7
Egypt |  5.8 |  4.9 |   .. | 31.9 | 40.2 | 38.4 |   ..
Turkey |  5.0 |  4.3 | 18.7 | 39.9 | 21.8 | 50.1 |  1.6
France |  1.7 |  1.5 | 51.0 | 45.1 | 52.7 | 40.6 |  0.8
Netherlands |  1.6 |  1.4 |  9.3 | 26.2 | 34.9 | 41.0 |   ..
New Zealand |  1.5 |  1.3 | 65.2 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 53.1 |  0.1
Ireland |  1.3 |  1.1 | 67.4 | 40.3 | 49.5 | 58.3 |  0.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Saudi Arabia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 43.7 | 31.3 | 38.7 | 33.8 | 29.8 | 32.2
Unemployment rate (%) | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 14.3 | 16.0 | 14.9
Participation rate (%) | 49.5 | 35.5 | 43.9 | 39.5 | 35.5 | 37.9
Total employed (thousands) |  8.7 |  4.2 | 12.9 | 22.2 | 12.5 | 34.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 54.8 | 39.2 | 49.3 | 42.8 | 33.6 | 39.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.7 |  9.3 |  8.2 | 10.1 | 15.5 | 12.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 29.2 |   .. |   .. | 29.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  4.3 |  1.7 |  6.0 | 13.8 |  7.4 | 21.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 45.3 | 56.5 | 54.5 | 54.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 12.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 51.8 | 38.9 | 42.4 | 41.3
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  3.0 |  4.6 |  3.0 |  3.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 19.8 |   +166.1 | United Kingdom |  4.1 | +343.3
United Kingdom | 14.6 |   +651.1 | United States |  3.3 |  +11.0
Canada | 10.5 |   +514.6 | Canada |  1.5 |   -9.5
Australia |  3.8 | +2 056.2 | Turkey |  1.3 |  +39.5
Turkey |  1.1 |   +650.0 | Netherlands |  0.6 |     ..
Total | 54.9 |   +349.4 | Total | 13.2 |  +70.1

International students from Saudi Arabia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  9 884 | 15 670 | 33 066
United Kingdom |  3 535 |  8 055 |  9 773
Australia |  1 929 |  5 403 |  5 392
Canada |  1 017 |  1 599 |  3 168
New Zealand |    166 |    654 |    995
Total | 17 186 | 32 891 | 54 701

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (2 000, 0%), CAN (1 890, 0%), USA (1 343, 0%), DEU (1 091, 0%), KOR (546, 0%), JPN (505, 0%), POL (359, 0%), ESP (169, 0%), NLD (121, 0%), FRA (113, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 7 | 9 | 13 | 8 |  8
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 27
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (14%), United Arab Emirates (13%), Egypt (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270567

Sudan

Total population 2013 (millions) | 38.0 |  |  | Sudan compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 166/187 | 19/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 753 |  |  | GDP per capita | 141/209 | 16/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | -6.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 187/203 | 17/19
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 44.14 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 125/144 | 10/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 41%; “15-64”: 56%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Sudan living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 74.3 | 50.6 | 125.0 | 63.5 | 42.5 | 106.0 | .. | .. | .. | 42.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  9.7 |  8.2 |  17.8 | .. | .. | .. | 15.3
15-24 (%) | 23.1 | 25.3 |  24.0 | 16.7 | 21.9 |  18.8 | .. | .. | .. | 19.2
25-64 (%) | 73.9 | 70.1 |  72.3 | 80.0 | 73.4 |  77.4 | .. | .. | .. | 75.6
65+ (%) |  3.0 |  4.6 |   3.7 |  3.3 |  4.7 |   3.8 | .. | .. | .. |  5.2
Low educated (%) | 31.1 | 39.7 |  34.5 | 24.5 | 31.9 |  27.5 | .. | .. | .. | 24.3
Highly educated (%) | 33.6 | 29.5 |  31.9 | 38.0 | 34.2 |  36.5 | .. | .. | .. | 41.3
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.7 |  0.5 |   0.6 |  0.6 |  0.4 |   0.5 | .. | .. | .. |  0.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  5.3 |  2.5 |   3.8 |  5.2 |  2.4 |   3.6 | .. | .. | .. |  5.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 40.9 | 32.7 | 12.7 | 39.0 | 35.1 | 20.3 | 16.0
United Kingdom | 17.2 | 13.7 | 28.9 | 41.4 | 49.4 | 14.2 |  9.1
Australia | 16.1 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 49.7 | 18.0 | 30.6 |  3.7
Kenya | 15.4 | 12.3 |   .. | 43.3 |  2.5 | 56.9 | 33.9
Canada | 12.2 |  9.8 | 17.0 | 46.3 | 46.5 | 19.6 |  6.3
Netherlands |  4.2 |  3.4 |  0.9 | 27.8 | 35.2 |  8.2 |   ..
France |  2.9 |  2.3 | 37.2 | 32.0 | 23.3 |  9.0 |  1.3
Israel |  2.4 |  1.9 | 85.4 |  4.7 | 20.9 |   .. |  0.2
Egypt |  2.0 |  1.6 |   .. | 45.9 | 15.8 | 48.0 |   ..
Greece |  1.9 |  1.5 | 20.7 | 39.8 | 31.6 |  5.2 |  1.4

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Sudan living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 61.7 | 36.3 | 51.8 | 61.1 | 37.2 | 51.7
Unemployment rate (%) | 14.2 | 21.0 | 16.2 | 18.4 | 25.4 | 20.5
Participation rate (%) | 71.9 | 46.0 | 61.8 | 74.8 | 49.9 | 65.0
Total employed (thousands) | 15.1 |  5.7 | 20.7 | 37.3 | 14.9 | 52.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 73.0 | 46.2 | 63.9 | 74.3 | 48.3 | 64.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 12.0 | 19.6 | 13.9 | 12.6 | 18.3 | 14.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 42.3 |   .. |   .. | 46.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  7.9 |  2.5 | 10.4 | 16.7 |  6.6 | 23.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 37.7 | 27.8 | 33.9 | 30.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 55.9 | 59.4 | 56.2 | 57.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  6.3 | 12.8 |  9.8 | 12.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 14.3 | +132.1 | United States |  9.4 | +147.2
United Kingdom |  8.5 |  +96.7 | United Kingdom |  4.8 | +146.0
Canada |  5.7 |  +95.9 | Australia |  4.0 | +271.8
Australia |  2.9 | +198.9 | Canada |  2.7 |  +89.6
Netherlands |  1.5 |     .. | Netherlands |  1.7 |     ..
Total | 37.4 | +123.2 | Total | 28.1 | +185.7

International students from Sudan in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   347 |   352 |   328
United States |   224 |   211 |   174
Germany |   209 |   214 |   110
Greece |    85 |    69 |    81
France |    47 |    61 |    72
Total | 1 302 | 1 345 | 1 231

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (2 471, 0%), CAN (495, 0%), NOR (493, 0%), ITA (459, 0%), AUS (407, 0%), FRA (338, 0%), JPN (210, 0%), SWE (206, 0%), AUT (81, 0%), NLD (75, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 25 | 36 | 40 | 30 | 29
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 30
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 34
Three main desired countries of destination: Saudi Arabia (23%), United States (21%), United Arab Emirates (13%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270574

Syria

Total population 2013 (millions) | 22.8 |  |  | Syria compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 118/187 | 15/19
GDP per capita 2007 (current USD) | 2 066 |  |  | GDP per capita | 193/209 | 19/19
GDP growth 2007 (annual, in %) | 5.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 145/203 | 9/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 33/144 | 2/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 35%; “15-64”: 61%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Syria living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 139.4 | 106.3 | 245.7 | 126.0 | 99.6 | 225.5 | .. | .. | .. | 137.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  19.4 | 15.3 |  34.7 | .. | .. | .. |  20.6
15-24 (%) |   9.5 |  12.2 |  10.7 |   8.8 | 11.9 |  10.2 | .. | .. | .. |  10.2
25-64 (%) |  76.8 |  71.7 |  74.6 |  77.6 | 73.2 |  75.7 | .. | .. | .. |  76.6
65+ (%) |  13.6 |  16.0 |  14.7 |  13.6 | 14.9 |  14.1 | .. | .. | .. |  13.2
Low educated (%) |  30.5 |  38.6 |  34.0 |  30.9 | 38.2 |  34.1 | .. | .. | .. |  35.5
Highly educated (%) |  38.5 |  28.6 |  34.2 |  38.8 | 29.1 |  34.5 | .. | .. | .. |  33.2
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.9 |   1.5 |   1.7 |   1.8 |  1.5 |   1.6 | .. | .. | .. |   1.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  17.4 |  20.6 |  18.5 |  16.1 | 19.8 |  17.3 | .. | .. | .. |  10.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 59.3 | 24.1 |  8.6 | 46.6 | 40.4 |  6.2 | 52.7
Germany | 39.5 | 16.1 | 18.0 | 38.1 | 22.4 | 17.4 |   ..
Canada | 20.8 |  8.5 | 15.8 | 48.6 | 55.2 | 10.2 | 14.7
Sweden | 18.9 |  7.7 | 23.3 | 49.6 | 19.1 |  8.9 | 14.6
France | 15.4 |  6.3 | 14.4 | 43.6 | 53.4 |  4.8 | 12.2
United Kingdom |  8.6 |  3.5 | 36.8 | 37.5 | 56.7 | 12.8 |  3.8
Australia |  7.9 |  3.2 | 10.2 | 51.9 | 20.6 |  6.5 |  6.2
Israel |  7.0 |  2.9 |   .. | 49.5 | 10.0 |  1.5 |  7.4
Greece |  6.9 |  2.8 | 31.6 | 24.4 | 13.2 | 13.9 |  5.7
Netherlands |  6.8 |  2.8 |  8.6 | 39.1 | 19.2 | 13.2 |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Syria living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 71.2 | 35.3 | 55.9 | 66.2 | 32.8 | 51.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  8.8 | 13.0 |  9.9 | 14.5 | 17.4 | 15.3
Participation rate (%) | 78.0 | 40.6 | 62.1 | 77.4 | 39.7 | 60.9
Total employed (thousands) | 50.3 | 18.5 | 68.8 | 71.8 | 27.8 | 99.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 78.0 | 45.3 | 67.0 | 76.6 | 48.1 | 65.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.3 | 12.9 |  8.6 |  8.7 | 14.9 | 10.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 28.9 |   .. |   .. | 26.6
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 21.6 |  6.3 | 27.9 | 31.5 | 12.5 | 44.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 40.2 | 41.4 | 39.9 | 43.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 23.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 55.0 | 50.6 | 50.0 | 48.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.8 |  8.0 | 10.1 |  8.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 24.0 |  +24.4 | Germany | 16.8 |    ..
Canada | 11.5 |  +90.1 | United States | 13.9 | -10.5
Germany |  8.9 |     .. | Sweden |  7.3 | +22.5
France |  8.2 |  +39.2 | Turkey |  5.0 | +96.1
United Kingdom |  4.9 | +148.5 | Canada |  4.1 |  -5.9
Total | 74.6 |  +68.4 | Total | 73.7 | +55.4

International students from Syria in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 2 334 | 2 166 | 1 828
Germany | 1 648 | 1 975 | 1 493
United Kingdom |   527 |   592 |   668
Turkey |   260 |   339 |   608
United States |   518 |   420 |   444
Total | 6 216 | 6 496 | 6 174

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (8 530, 0%), SWE (4 730, 5%), USA (3 014, 0%), AUT (903, 0%), CAN (885, 0%), FRA (827, 0%), ESP (503, 0%), ITA (452, 0%), KOR (368, 0%), NOR (368, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 31
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 15
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Three main desired countries of destination: United Arab Emirates (13%), United States (9%), Canada (7%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270587

Tunisia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.9 |  |  | Tunisia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 90/187 | 11/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 4 317 |  |  | GDP per capita | 106/209 | 13/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 83/203 | 3/19
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 4.46 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 69/144 | 4/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 23%; “15-64”: 70%; “65+”: 7% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Tunisia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 308.5 | 239.7 | 548.2 | 306.2 | 238.0 | 544.3 | .. | .. | .. | 461.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  32.0 |  23.2 |  55.2 | .. | .. | .. |  26.6
15-24 (%) |   5.5 |   5.7 |   5.6 |   5.3 |   5.5 |   5.4 | .. | .. | .. |   4.3
25-64 (%) |  75.4 |  68.3 |  72.3 |  75.5 |  68.4 |  72.4 | .. | .. | .. |  76.3
65+ (%) |  19.1 |  26.0 |  22.1 |  19.2 |  26.1 |  22.2 | .. | .. | .. |  19.4
Low educated (%) |  47.2 |  52.4 |  49.5 |  47.4 |  52.5 |  49.6 | .. | .. | .. |  55.8
Highly educated (%) |  21.7 |  19.1 |  20.6 |  21.6 |  19.1 |  20.5 | .. | .. | .. |  16.0
Total emigration rates (%) |   7.1 |   5.6 |   6.4 |   7.1 |   5.5 |   6.3 | .. | .. | .. |   6.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  12.3 |   8.4 |  10.4 |  12.2 |   8.4 |  10.3 | .. | .. | .. |  15.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 362.3 | 66.1 |  8.7 | 45.4 | 20.5 | 5.0 | 333.9
Italy |  82.0 | 14.9 | 17.2 | 39.5 |  6.2 | 7.7 |  56.6
Israel |  28.9 |  5.3 |  1.9 | 56.2 | 16.7 |  .. |  33.8
United States |  14.0 |  2.6 |   .. | 43.1 | 49.6 | 8.9 |   6.5
Belgium |  11.7 |  2.1 | 27.7 | 35.3 | 17.3 | 5.6 |   7.7
Canada |  11.0 |  2.0 | 40.9 | 34.7 | 72.2 | 9.5 |   5.2
Switzerland |   7.8 |  1.4 | 36.8 | 36.9 | 27.5 | 3.0 |   5.4
United Kingdom |   6.0 |  1.1 | 34.3 | 29.6 | 45.9 | 6.3 |   2.9
Netherlands |   5.2 |  0.9 |  9.2 | 28.9 | 17.8 | 6.6 |    ..
Sweden |   3.5 |  0.6 | 31.1 | 32.3 | 19.7 | 5.5 |   2.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Tunisia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  65.3 | 40.7 |  54.8 |  63.9 | 40.1 |  54.0
Unemployment rate (%) |  18.4 | 23.3 |  20.0 |  17.4 | 23.5 |  19.4
Participation rate (%) |  79.9 | 53.1 |  68.5 |  77.3 | 52.4 |  66.9
Total employed (thousands) | 139.5 | 64.4 | 203.9 | 153.4 | 68.9 | 222.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  77.5 | 65.0 |  72.6 |  75.2 | 57.4 |  67.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   9.3 | 10.8 |   9.8 |  10.6 | 16.9 |  12.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  20.3 |    .. |   .. |  30.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  31.3 | 16.8 |  48.1 |  39.7 | 21.2 |  60.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  35.0 |  20.3 | 30.9 |  33.0
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |  10.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |  10.4
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  52.7 |  48.3 | 43.9 |  48.8
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  12.3 |  31.4 | 25.1 |  18.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France |  74.5 |  +38.3 | France | 178.9 |  -2.3
Canada |   7.9 | +142.1 | Italy |  56.4 | +29.8
United States |   7.0 | +117.4 | Israel |  14.5 | -20.2
Italy |   5.1 | +100.2 | Belgium |   3.9 | +30.3
Israel |   4.8 |   -6.7 | Netherlands |   2.5 |    ..
Total | 110.5 |  +51.0 | Total | 267.5 |  +4.7

International students from Tunisia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 10 812 | 11 659 | 11 134
Germany |  2 461 |  2 606 |  2 248
Italy |    611 |    753 |    807
Canada |    583 |    750 |    768
United States |    402 |    305 |    431
Total | 15 523 | 16 878 | 16 169

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (11 992, 7%), ITA (5 447, 1%), DEU (3 046, 0%), CAN (1 475, 0%), BEL (728, 0%), CHE (503, 0%), POL (453, 0%), USA (422, 0%), SWE (288, 0%), AUT (235, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 20 | 46 | 31 | 27 | 27
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 18
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 55
Three main desired countries of destination: France (37%), Italy (14%), Germany (9%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270590

United Arab Emirates

Total population 2013 (millions) | 9.3 |  |  | United Arab Emirates compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 40/187 | 3/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 43 049 |  |  | GDP per capita | 20/209 | 3/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 190/203 | 18/19
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 136/144 | 14/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 15%; “15-64”: 84%; “65+”: 0% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in the United Arab Emirates living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 21.1 | 15.7 | 36.8 | 19.8 | 14.6 | 34.4 | .. | .. | .. | 14.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.6 |  3.0 |  7.7 | .. | .. | .. |  4.9
15-24 (%) | 60.0 | 49.6 | 55.6 | 61.8 | 51.2 | 57.3 | .. | .. | .. | 79.5
25-64 (%) | 39.4 | 49.6 | 43.7 | 37.9 | 48.4 | 42.4 | .. | .. | .. | 20.0
65+ (%) |  0.6 |  0.9 |  0.7 |  0.2 |  0.4 |  0.3 | .. | .. | .. |  0.5
Low educated (%) | 17.3 | 19.3 | 18.2 | 15.1 | 15.6 | 15.3 | .. | .. | .. | 22.0
Highly educated (%) | 38.2 | 48.0 | 42.4 | 38.6 | 50.0 | 43.5 | .. | .. | .. | 25.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.4 |  0.7 |  0.5 |  0.4 |  0.7 |  0.5 | .. | .. | .. |  0.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  2.2 |  3.3 |  2.6 |  2.1 |  3.2 |  2.5 | .. | .. | .. |  0.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 9.7 | 26.5 |   .. |  35.7 |  24.7 | 75.0 | 5.1
Canada | 9.5 | 25.9 | 21.7 |  45.1 |  49.8 | 62.0 | 3.2
United Kingdom | 8.5 | 23.0 | 43.4 |  41.4 |  52.5 | 43.7 | 3.6
Australia | 2.7 |  7.4 | 36.5 |  42.5 |  48.6 | 48.7 | 0.7
Mali | 1.2 |  3.3 |   .. |  53.7 |   0.8 | 31.7 |  ..
Turkey | 0.6 |  1.7 |   .. | 100.0 | 100.0 | 17.0 |  ..
Netherlands | 0.6 |  1.6 |  7.7 |  47.3 |  56.1 | 20.8 |  ..
France | 0.4 |  1.2 | 33.3 |  60.0 |  62.1 | 45.6 | 0.3
Egypt | 0.4 |  1.1 |   .. |  34.1 |  43.9 | 34.1 |  ..
Spain | 0.4 |  1.1 | 23.8 |  18.8 |  10.0 | 82.5 | 0.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the United Arab Emirates living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 34.2 | 35.8 | 34.8 | 51.1 | 49.3 | 50.3
Unemployment rate (%) | 13.6 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 13.5
Participation rate (%) | 39.6 | 43.0 | 40.9 | 59.3 | 56.7 | 58.1
Total employed (thousands) |  3.0 |  2.0 |  4.9 |  7.0 |  5.5 | 12.4
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 55.0 | 55.4 | 55.2 | 67.6 | 64.6 | 66.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  8.8 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 10.6 |  9.6 | 10.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 26.7 |   .. |   .. | 27.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.1 |  0.8 |  1.9 |  4.3 |  4.0 |  8.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 41.4 | 51.5 | 55.3 | 53.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 54.2 | 38.9 | 38.4 | 38.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.4 |  9.6 |  6.2 |  8.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Canada |  4.7 | +520.3 | United States | 1.6 | +134.5
United Kingdom |  4.4 | +402.4 | Canada | 1.5 |  +52.8
United States |  2.4 |  +72.8 | United Kingdom | 1.3 | +134.8
Australia |  1.3 | +897.0 | Australia | 0.2 |   -0.4
Turkey |  0.6 |     .. | Netherlands | 0.1 |     ..
Total | 14.8 | +323.6 | Total | 5.2 |  +72.0

International students from the United Arab Emirates in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 2 309 | 2 975 | 3 089
United States |   984 | 1 638 | 2 031
Australia | 1 184 | 1 433 | 1 133
Canada |   227 |   237 |   255
France |   166 |   265 |   248
Total | 5 125 | 6 881 | 7 139

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CAN (4 255, 1%), GBR (1 000, 0%), USA (854, 0%), DEU (831, 0%), KOR (59, 0%), JPN (51, 0%), AUS (8, 0%), ESP (8, 0%), NLD (7, 0%), ITA (6, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 5 | 6 | 8 | 7 |  6
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 32
Three main desired countries of destination: Egypt (14%), Canada (12%), United States (12%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270440

Yemen

Total population 2013 (millions) | 24.4 |  |  | Yemen compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 154/187 | 18/19
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 473 |  |  | GDP per capita | 148/209 | 17/19
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 173/203 | 14/19
Poverty rate 2005 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 37.28 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 139/144 | 16/16
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 40%; “15-64”: 57%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Yemen living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 50.0 | 41.3 | 91.3 | 46.9 | 40.2 | 87.1 | .. | .. | .. | 71.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.4 |  4.3 |  7.7 | .. | .. | .. |  5.6
15-24 (%) | 15.7 | 13.9 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 13.5 | 14.4 | .. | .. | .. |  8.3
25-64 (%) | 56.1 | 46.4 | 51.7 | 54.9 | 45.9 | 50.8 | .. | .. | .. | 59.2
65+ (%) | 28.2 | 39.6 | 33.4 | 29.9 | 40.6 | 34.8 | .. | .. | .. | 32.6
Low educated (%) | 43.6 | 61.9 | 51.8 | 45.9 | 62.5 | 53.6 | .. | .. | .. | 64.0
Highly educated (%) | 21.2 | 15.4 | 18.6 | 20.6 | 15.0 | 18.0 | .. | .. | .. | 13.5
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.7 |  0.6 |  0.7 |  0.7 |  0.6 |  0.6 | .. | .. | .. |  0.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  2.1 |  3.4 |  2.4 |  1.9 |  3.2 |  2.3 | .. | .. | .. |  5.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 35.1 | 38.5 | 13.7 | 39.9 | 12.6 | 24.4 | 17.0
Israel | 30.9 | 33.8 |   .. | 54.2 | 13.8 |  0.2 | 39.1
United Kingdom | 16.4 | 18.0 | 15.0 | 46.0 | 28.9 | 16.6 | 11.1
Egypt |  2.2 |  2.5 |   .. | 37.5 | 42.9 | 30.8 |   ..
Canada |  1.5 |  1.6 | 22.9 | 49.1 | 62.1 | 35.2 |  0.9
Malaysia |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Russian Federation |  0.6 |  0.6 | 61.4 |  8.4 | 35.6 | 44.4 |   ..
Australia |  0.5 |  0.5 | 10.9 | 42.2 | 46.2 | 14.7 |  0.2
France |  0.4 |  0.4 | 26.9 | 39.1 | 47.4 | 23.6 |  1.6
Italy |  0.4 |  0.4 | 18.9 | 49.0 | 19.3 |  8.3 |  0.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Yemen living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 63.9 | 37.1 | 52.8 | 69.2 | 21.5 | 49.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.1 |  6.7 |  7.0 |  9.6 | 19.1 | 11.5
Participation rate (%) | 68.8 | 39.8 | 56.7 | 76.5 | 26.6 | 55.4
Total employed (thousands) | 17.8 |  7.4 | 25.1 | 22.4 |  5.1 | 27.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 76.1 | 59.7 | 69.8 | 78.5 | 45.0 | 65.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.3 |  5.3 |  5.3 |  7.8 | 12.5 |  9.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 39.7 |   .. |   .. | 43.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  4.3 |  2.1 |  6.5 |  5.9 |  2.1 |  8.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 24.5 | 22.1 | 33.4 | 24.5
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 10.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 64.8 | 73.8 | 55.4 | 70.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 10.7 |  4.1 | 11.3 |  5.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom |  4.7 |  +89.9 | Israel | 20.9 | -29.5
United States |  4.4 |  +99.6 | United States | 16.7 | +94.1
Israel |  4.3 |  +30.7 | United Kingdom |  7.9 | +45.4
Canada |  0.9 | +116.7 | Turkey |  0.2 |    ..
Australia |  0.2 | +126.9 | Canada |  0.2 | +36.0
Total | 15.6 |  +65.2 | Total | 46.3 |  +3.9

International students from Yemen in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Germany |   299 |   431 |   490
United States |   233 |   263 |   261
Canada |   114 |   174 |   129
United Kingdom |   166 |   136 |   129
France |    73 |    73 |   112
Total | 1 049 | 1 276 | 1 394

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (2 620, 0%), DEU (370, 0%), SWE (194, 0%), CAN (170, 0%), JPN (52, 0%), KOR (52, 0%), CHE (41, 0%), POL (40, 0%), FRA (33, 0%), HUN (26, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 18 | 33 | 39 | 31 | 26
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 18
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 32
Three main desired countries of destination: Saudi Arabia (56%), United Arab Emirates (13%), United States (5%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933270604

Sub-Saharan Africa

Chapter 7.

Sub-Saharan Africa: Diaspora profile¹

This chapter looks at recent migration flows and diasporas from the Sub-Saharan African countries to the OECD area and 51 non-OECD destinations. In 2012 about 308 400 new migrants from the region settled in OECD countries, accounting for 6% of total immigration flows. In 2010/11, there were 5.1 million emigrants from the region in OECD countries and an additional 4.3 million resided in 13 countries in the region with available data. Sub-Saharan migrants are predominantly men, and those in OECD countries are increasingly highly educated, while intra-regional migrants have lower levels of education. The number of highly-educated migrants from the region to the OECD reached about 1 million in 2010/11, representing an increase by 92% in comparison with 2000/01. As a result, the emigration rate of the highly-educated stood at 13% in 2010/11, the highest of all regions. Future challenges include the labour market outcomes of these emigrants who were particularly badly hit by the economic crisis in their destinations, but also the emerging migration trends of the growing young population of the region who have limited opportunities in their home countries.

This chapter also contains one regional note and 34 country notes for Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Key findings

The economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is improving, although the strong demographic growth could increase poverty and further hinder access to the labour market for a large part of the population, especially young people.

The number of SSA migrants moving to the OECD area on an annual basis (308 400 persons in 2012) is increasing, but remains low compared with migration from other regions. The proportion of migrants from SSA in total immigration flows to the OECD area remains very marginal, accounting for only 6% of all flows in 2012.

There were 5.1 million Sub-Saharan emigrants aged 15 and above in the OECD in 2010/11, close to 3 million more than in 2000/01. Despite the sharp growth, migrants from the region represented only 5% of all migrants in OECD countries. Emigration from the region stood at 1.1% in 2010/11, well below that of other regions.

The main countries of origin of Sub-Saharan migrants are the large English-speaking nations, but some small countries record high emigration rates of their population towards OECD countries.

Even if the number of destination countries for SSA migrants is increasing, historical links and a common language are still strong determinants. The United Kingdom, the United States and France together host 3 million migrants from the region.

The characteristics of the SSA emigrant population in OECD countries are changing. More and more women from the region migrate, while migrants are also becoming more qualified than in the past. African diasporas are younger than those from the other regions of the world.

The share of highly educated individuals among the emigrant population from SSA is increasing. The number of highly educated migrants from the region grew by 95% in the past decade, reaching 1.8 million in 2010/11. As a result, the emigration rate of highly skilled persons from the region stood at 13% in 2010/11, the highest of all regions.

The 4.3 million intra-regional migrants in SSA are much younger and have lower levels of education than migrants settling in OECD countries. Intra-regional migration is mainly towards countries that are geographically close, and that have a common language and culture.

In the labour markets of OECD countries, SSA migrants suffer from unemployment and inactivity and the highly educated also face high risk of overqualification.

The major challenge facing SSA centres on its capacity to improve economic and social opportunities for its young people with a view to benefiting from the demographic dividend in the future.

1. Regional context

While the economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is improving, many challenges still remain, notably the issue of population growth. The economy is growing at a rapid pace and the medium-term outlook seems favourable. GDP growth of 4.7% in 2013 placed the SSA region in second position behind Asia. GDP growth is expected to hit 5.2% in 2014. However, even though the overall economic situation has improved, the SSA region still has the lowest GDP per capita in the world (USD 2 642 in purchasing power parity), and the highest poverty rate (33% of the population, calculated on the basis of an income threshold of USD 2 – based on purchasing power parity – a day). With over 900 million inhabitants, SSA represented 12.6% of the world’s population in 2013 versus 10.4% in 2000. Despite growing urbanisation, most of the population of SSA still lives in rural areas. Over the coming decades, population growth in the region will be the highest worldwide (2.5% in 2013), due notably to low usage of contraceptives and particularly high fertility rates (5.3 children per woman on average). According to estimations by the United Nations, the population of Africa is expected to double by 2050.

Access to education is improving for young people, who represent the majority of the population of SSA, but opportunities for good-quality local employment are scarce. 60% of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa was under 25 in 2010, which makes the region the youngest one in the world. The number of young people in SSA is expected to increase sharply throughout the century to reach around 390 million in 2050, i.e. 30% of the world’s 15-24 year-olds (UNDESA, 2012). Considerable progress has been made in SSA since 2000 in terms of access to education, but the region still lags far behind the global standard. There are also considerable challenges to overcome in terms of the quality, equity and financial sustainability of education systems. Access for young people to good-quality jobs remains especially problematic. Economic growth in SSA created 73 million jobs between 2000 and 2008, but only 16 million of them were taken by persons aged 15 to 24 and not all of them could be considered decent.

Forced migration is still a serious issue. According to figures from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC, 2015), SSA was, after the Middle East and North Africa, the region of the world the most affected by internal displacements resulting from conflict and violence, with 11.4 million people displaced at the end of 2014 out of a total of 38 million. Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are among the worst affected countries. However, when it comes to people displaced by disasters triggered by natural hazards, the SSA region is relatively less affected than others (1.8 million people, or 8% of the 22 million affected worldwide).

2. Migrant flows and stocks

Migrant flows from SSA towards OECD countries are increasing, but remain marginal compared to other regions. In 2012, 308 400 migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa settled in an OECD country. Despite a slight downturn in 2010 attributable to the economic crisis, migrant flows from the region increased again in 2012, up by 84% compared to 2000. The proportion of migrants from SSA in total immigration flows to the OECD area remains marginal, accounting for only 6% of all flows in 2012 (versus 4.9% in 2000).

Even though the number of emigrants from the region aged 15 and above has increased by around 2.9 million since 2000/01 to reach 5.12 million in 2010/11, SSA emigrants only represent 5% of the total stock of migrants in the OECD area. Similarly, the emigration rate (defined as the total number of migrants over the population in the origin, including these emigrants) rose from 0.8% in 2000 to 1.1% in 2010/11, but remains well below the rates for other regions, with the exception of Asia-Oceania. Moreover, in terms of African emigrants living in OECD countries, the proportion of recent emigrants (those settled in their destination country for no more than five years), albeit higher than in other regions, is declining (from 28% in 2000/01 to 21% in 2010/11), thereby showing that migrants are staying longer in OECD countries.

According to United Nations data (United Nations, 2013), of the 232 million international migrants in 2013, 30.9 million were from Africa, which is a small proportion of the global international migrant stock. Based on the data, the African continent also hosted 18.6 million international migrants, 15.3 million of whom were originally from the same zone. However, it is difficult to obtain an accurate pattern of these intra-regional migratory phenomena due to a lack of data and different interpretations of the notions of migration and frontier in the surveys carried out. What is certain, however, is that over the 2010-13 period, the Africa-Africa corridor was already the third major migration corridor behind Asia-Asia and Europe-Europe.

3. The countries concerned

Countries of origin

The main countries of origin of SSA emigrants living in the OECD area are largely the same as in the past, essentially those with the largest populations and where English is predominant. South Africa and Nigeria top the list, with over 500 000 emigrants in OECD countries, followed by Ghana, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Senegal and Angola, all of which had over 200 000 migrants in OECD countries in 2010/11 (see Figure 7.1). Between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the sharpest increases in the number of emigrants in OECD countries were reported in Nigeria (+289 000), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (+157 000), Somalia (+157 000), Ethiopia (+142 000), Senegal (+108 000), Zimbabwe (+106 000), Cameroon (+97 000), Côte d’Ivoire (+74 000) and Kenya (+71 000). While in some countries (Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria) this upward trend can be attributed to political instability and conflict, a number of other economic, social and environmental factors should also be taken into consideration.

Figure 7.1. Emigrant population living in OECD countries, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269530

Some countries with smaller populations are seeing a significant proportion of their inhabitants migrate to OECD countries. This is particularly the case in small countries with small populations, notably islands (Figure 7.2). While the emigration rate to OECD countries for the entire region is 1.08% in 2010/11, emigration rates to OECD countries are around 30% in Cape Verde, 15% in Sao Tome and Principe and around 12% in Mauritius and in the Seychelles. The sharpest increases in emigration rates were recorded in Cape Verde (+4.4 points), Mauritius (+3 points), Comoros (+2.5 points), Sao Tome and Principe (+2.4 points), Somalia (+2.2 points), Zimbabwe (+1.3 points), Gambia (+1.3 points) and Liberia (+1.1 points).

Figure 7.2. Emigration rates to the OECD, 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269546

Countries of destination

Even though the number of destination countries for African migrants is increasing, historical links and a common language are still strong determinants. In 2010/11, the OECD countries that hosted the most SSA migrants were the United Kingdom (1.15 million), the United States (1.07 million) and France (0.83 million) (Figure 7.3). These three alone hosted over 60% of the African emigrants in the OECD area, a higher share than that in 2000/01. The other main host countries are Portugal (354 000), Canada (287 000), Italy (257 000), Australia (243 000), Belgium (176 000) and Spain (160 000). Between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the largest increases in the number of African emigrants were reported in the United States (+481 000), the United Kingdom (+477 000), France (+336 000), Italy (+126 000) and Australia (+121 000). When these figures are compared to the total populations of the host countries above, Portugal receives the most SSA migrants, as they make up 3.9% of the country’s population, versus 2.2% in the United Kingdom and Luxembourg, 1.9% in Belgium, 1.8% in New Zealand, 1.6% in France and 1.5% in Australia. The sharpest increases in the capacity to host migrants from SSA in terms of percentage of total population were reported in Luxembourg (+1.04 points), Belgium, New Zealand and Great Britain (+0.8 points), in the Netherlands, Australia, France and Ireland (+0.6 points) and in Switzerland (+0.5 points). Very few migrants from the region settle in OECD member countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia, and the figure has only risen slightly between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

Figure 7.3. Top 20 countries of destination of migrants from SSA region to the OECD, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Stocks and percentages of the population in the destination country

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above. Detailed data by country of origin are not available for the Netherlands and Germany in 2000/01.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269553

Intra-regional migration

There is significant migration between countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, mainly towards countries that are geographically close and that share a common language and culture. However, there are few data available on migrants in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. For the purposes of this publication, data for 2010/11 were collected on 13 SSA countries: four West and Central African countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Liberia and Mali), and nine East and Southern African countries (Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa and Zambia). These 13 countries represent around a quarter of the region’s population and host around 4.7 million migrants (all ages), fewer than 13% of whom are not of Sub-Saharan African origin.² It is therefore clear that migration directed toward SSA countries mainly originates from other countries within the region. The total number of migrants living in these 13 SSA countries represents 1.9% of their population. There is a significant difference between countries hosting over 3% of migrants, like South Africa, Burkina Faso and Botswana, and countries hosting around 1%, such as Zambia, Kenya, Mozambique and Cameroon. Immigrants in Burkina Faso come from Côte d’Ivoire (81%), Mali (6.6%), Ghana (4.8%), Togo (2.5%) and Niger (2.1%). Immigrants in Cameroon are from Nigeria (39%), Chad (27.8%), the Central African Republic (5.7%) and Niger (4.5%). Immigrants in island states come from further afield, as is the case in Mauritius where they are from India (30.8%), Bangladesh (29.7%), China (10.5%), Madagascar (8.1%) and France (5.4%) (Table 7.1).

Table 7.1. Intra-regional migration in SSA countries by country of destination, 2010/11
| Number of immigrants (thousands) | Percentage of the population
South Africa | 1 928 | 3.8
Burkina Faso |   626 | 4.0
Kenya |   344 | 0.8
Mali |   289 | 2.1
Mozambique |   275 | 1.2
Cameroon |   257 | 1.3
Malawi |   209 | 1.4
Botswana |   112 | 5.7
Zambia |    96 | 0.7
Liberia |    70 | 1.8
Namibia |    69 | 3.2
Mauritius |    26 | 2.1
Seychelles |     8 | 8.6
Total | 4 308 | 2.8
Note: The population refers to persons of all ages.
Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2010/11 and United Nations (2012) for the population.
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271329

4. The profile of emigrant populations

There is a growing number of migrant women from Sub-Saharan Africa, even if numbers vary significantly from one country to another. In 2010/11, women represented 49.5% of all SSA emigrants in OECD countries, up from 48.8% in 2000/01. This means that parity has almost been reached, despite the fact that historically migration flows from Sub-Saharan Africa have been male-dominated. Better education and empowerment of women, along with more developed migratory networks, have played a large part in swelling the ranks of female migrants and in diversifying their reason for moving to OECD countries, which previously was mainly for family reunification. The number of countries of origin where women represented over 50% of the total emigrant population increased from 15 to 20 between 2000/01 and 2010/11. In Gabon and Madagascar, the figure exceeded 55%. However, the SSA remains the region in the world where the proportion of women in total emigrant numbers to OECD countries remains the lowest. Similarly, within the region, even if the percentage of female migrants has risen since 2000/01, there are significant differentials between countries: in West Africa, the proportion of women is relatively low, representing around 35% of the migrant stock from Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso or even Mali. In terms of intra-regional migration, based on the 2010/11 data for 13 countries, the proportion of women in total migration to another country in the region was estimated at 44.7%. It therefore seems that there are proportionally more women moving to OECD countries than to other countries in the region.

The emigrant population from Sub-Saharan Africa remains younger than emigrants from other parts of the world. 14.3% of SSA migrants moving to the OECD area are in the 15-24 age group, 79.5% are between 25 and 64 years old, and 6.2% are over 65. There has been a relative increase in the number of persons aged 65 and above due to the ageing of emigrants in destination countries. Nevertheless, there is a difference in age distribution depending on the regions of Sub-Saharan Africa that the emigrants come from. For example, the share of 15-24 year old emigrants in an OECD country is highest in Botswana (38%), Gabon (28%), Liberia and Rwanda (23%), and lowest in East and Southern African countries: Mozambique (2.7%), Tanzania (7.0%), Uganda (7.6%) and Mauritius (8.9%). The young age of Sub-Saharan migrants is even more remarkable when it comes to intra-regional migration, with available data revealing a 29% share of 15-24 year-olds and a 3.7% share of persons aged 65 and above. This means that there the share of youth among intra-regional migrants is twice as high as that of Sub-Saharan migrants in OECD countries.

The share of highly educated individuals among the emigrant population from SSA is increasing. In 2010/11, 1.8 million emigrants from the region were highly qualified (ISCED 5A/5B/6) i.e. 37% of all SSA emigrants. This figure was 940 600 individuals in 2000/01, or 33% of all migrants. The SSA region stands just behind Asia in terms of the highest proportion of highly educated migrants. This trend reflects the increasingly selective character of immigration policies in OECD countries, but also a general increase in levels of education in Sub-Saharan Africa. A certain number of differentials exist. For example, there are generally more highly educated male emigrants than females (38.7% versus 34.4%) even though this trend is diminishing as, in 2000/01, only 29.5% of female emigrants were highly educated (Figure 7.4). In a certain number of countries however, the number of highly educated women exceeds the number of men, such as in Botswana, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Niger, Namibia, Senegal and Zimbabwe. The proportion of highly educated individuals is higher among migrants who arrived in the destination at least five years ago. On the other hand, mirroring the situation in the other parts of the world, the proportion of low-educated individuals (ISCED 0/1/2) is declining. Low-educated individuals only represented 31% of total emigrants in 2010/11, compared to 34% in 2000/01. In comparison, the proportion of low-educated individuals was particularly high among migrants from the MENA region (42.5%) and among the immigrants originating from another OECD country (37.3%) in 2010/11. A more detailed analysis of low-educated emigrants reveals that they are mainly women (32.7% versus 29.3% for men), young (41.7% in 15-24 age group) and have recently arrived in the destination country.

Figure 7.4. Level of education of immigrants from SSA living in OECD countries, by gender, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: The population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269563

Intra-regional migration is largely dominated by low-educated individuals. Low-educated migrants represented 68% of all SSA emigrants, the medium-educated 28% and the highly educated 4%. The proportion of highly educated among Sub-Saharan migrants is therefore ten times higher in OECD countries than in other SSA countries. Trends between 2000/01 and 2010/11 nevertheless revealed a reduction in the number of low-educated migrants in favour of medium-educated individuals, with the proportion of highly educated individuals being unchanged.

Proportionally, there are still relatively few students from SSA in OECD countries. With 164 500 students in OECD countries in 2012, SSA was in penultimate place in terms of the region of origin of international students. However, in recent years there has been a constant increase in the student influx, from 149 500 in 2008 to 164 500 in 2012. The SSA countries with the most emigrant students in 2012 are, in descending order, Nigeria (31 250), Cameroon (19 700), Senegal (10 900), Kenya (9 550) and Ghana (7 200). The main destinations of SSA students are France (51 900), the United Kingdom (31 200), the United States (28 900), Germany (8 600) and Canada (8 200).

5. Impact of emigration

In the labour markets of OECD countries, SSA emigrants suffer from unemployment, inactivity and are often overqualified for their jobs. This situation was exacerbated by the recent economic crisis but affected migrants differently according to their characteristics and the sector in which they worked. In the last decade, the main decline in the employment rate of migrants aged 15 to 64 from SSA was between 2005/06 and 2010/11 (63% in 2000/01 versus 66% in 2005/06 and 63% in 2010/11), with unemployment increasing by over three percentage points between 2005/06 and 2010/11 to reach 16% , whereas the inactivity rate fell to 25% from 27%. In 2010/11, employment rates were higher among men (68%) than women (59%), due mainly to a higher inactivity rate among women (Figure 7.5). On the other hand, unemployment is higher among men than among women (12% versus 11%). The crisis seems to have had little impact on the employment rate of highly educated migrants (77% in 2010/11 compared to 80% in 2005/06 and 78% in 2000/01), but the same cannot be said of low-educated migrants (48% in 2010/11 compared to 53% in 2005/06 and 53% in 2000/01). There are also differences within the region, with higher unemployment among emigrants from West and Central Africa.

Figure 7.5. Employment and unemployment rates of migrants from SSA to the OECD, by gender and level of education, 2000/01 and 2010/11

Note: These results are based on 31 OECD destinations for which data were available in the two years (Iceland and Korea are excluded). The population refers to persons aged 15 to 64.

Source: Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) 2000/01 and 2010/11.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269577

The overqualification of African emigrants is also a major concern, as around a third of highly educated migrants are in low- or medium-skilled employment (34% in 2010/11). This rate is nevertheless lower than among migrants originally from non-OECD European countries and Central Asia (44%), Latin America and the Caribbean (45%) and the MENA region (33%). There are also considerable differences between countries, with overqualification affecting over 45% of migrants from Mali, Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The “brain drain” resulting from migrant flows from SSA to the OECD area is gaining momentum. With an increase in average education levels among the population, the transfer of expertise from SSA to the OECD area is rising and raises the question of maintaining critical human capital in the region. The number of highly educated migrants form the region living in OECD countries increased by 95% between 2000/01 and 2010/11, whereas the increase was 75% for medium-educated migrants and 60% for low-educated individuals. While the average emigration rate from SSA to OECD countries is relatively low, analysis of the emigration rate of individuals with higher education level reveals that they have a much greater propensity to emigrate than less qualified individuals. Accordingly, their emigration rate was 13% in 2010/11 compared to 11% in 2000/01, and this emigration rate is by far the highest in the world. For example, it is almost three times the figure for Asia in 2010/11 (4%). The main countries affected by the “brain drain” to the OECD area are Zimbabwe (44%), Mauritius (43%), and Sierra Leone (33%). On the other hand, most countries in French-Speaking West Africa are less concerned, such as Benin , Niger and Côte d’Ivoire, where the emigration levels of highly educated individuals are all relatively low (5%). Conversely, there seems to be little movement of highly educated persons between SSA countries, with highly educated individuals migrating to another SSA country only representing 4.2% of all intra-regional migrants, a figure that hardly changed between 2000/01 and 2010/11.

SSA is the world region where the remittances as a share of the GDP are the highest. According to World Bank data, transfers by SSA migrants have risen sharply since 2005 (see Figure 7.6). In current USD, they increased from USD 20 billion in 2005 to USD 32 billion in 2014. There are several reasons for this increase, such as the inclusion of new remittances flows now transiting via formal channels linked to the development of remittance mechanisms, lower transfer costs and the increased number of emigrants. As a percentage of GDP, these remittances represented 2.3% of the region’s GDP, reflecting a downturn since the 2008 crisis. Some countries are particularly dependent on these transfers. Nigeria is the main recipient of remittances in Africa, receiving USD 21 billion in 2014, while remittances represented over 10% of GDP in Senegal, Gambia and Liberia in 2013.

Figure 7.6. Remittance flows sent by SSA migrants, 2005-14

Billions USD and as a percentage of the GDP

Source: World Bank.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269583

6. Future challenges

In terms of SSA’s future and its migrant flows, the main challenge centres on the region’s capacity to improve economic and social opportunities for its young people with a view to potentially benefiting from its demographic dividend. Africa has a demographic advantage compared to other faster ageing regions, and its young population can be a significant vector of strong and inclusive growth, as well as a destabilising factor. The ability of SSA countries to meet the needs of the new generations and provide young people with proper skills and access to good-quality jobs will be decisive. Nonetheless, migrant flows from SSA are expected to continue to swell in coming years, whether towards the OECD area, other regions or within the region. The aspirations of a growing and increasingly educated generation of young people, 42% of whom already envisage emigrating according to the Gallup World Poll Survey, may make emigration an increasingly common option. It is difficult to predict the extent of the increase in external and internal migrant flows, their geographic spread, their duration and socio-economic composition, which will depend, for the most part, on global economic trends. The migration policies of destination countries, some of which are faced with population ageing and labour shortages, are also expected to have a significant influence on migration from SSA depending on whether they encourage or restrict movement. This state of affairs raises some prominent issues: the implementation of public policies capable of maximising the benefits of immigration, even in the southern countries, the diversification of methods for engaging migrants and different diaspora generations in the development of their countries of origin, the role of the local authorities in the host countries and the countries of origin in promoting new co-operation initiatives, among others.

References

IDMC – Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Norwegian Refugee Council (2015), Global Overview 2015: People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence, Geneva.

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). International Migration Report 2013.

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2012), World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.

Database references

Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries, www.oecd.org/migration/dioc.htm.

Notes

 1. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

 2. Detailed country of birth is not known for all migrants in destination countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The share of 13% refers to persons with known country of birth (4.3 million out of the total 4.7 million migrants in the region).

Regional and country notes

Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cameroon

Chad

Congo

Côte d’Ivoire

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Kenya

Liberia

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Rwanda

Senegal

Sierra Leone

South Africa

Tanzania

Togo

Uganda

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Total population (millions) | 899.9 |  |  |  |  |
Population growth (annual, in %) | 2.7 |  |  |  |  |
GDP per capita (current USD) | 1 815 |  |  |  |  |
GDP growth (annual, in %) | 5.8 |  |  |  |  |
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 72.36 |  |  |  |  |
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 54%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Sub-Saharan Africa living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 4 297.7 | 3 887.9 | 8 185.5 | 2 587.1 | 2 540.1 | 5 127.3 | .. | .. | .. | 2 948.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |      .. |      .. |      .. |   493.7 |   472.2 |   966.0 | .. | .. | .. |   499.2
15-24 (%) |    19.2 |    20.6 |    19.9 |    14.2 |    14.5 |    14.3 | .. | .. | .. |    15.2
25-64 (%) |    76.1 |    73.4 |    74.8 |    80.2 |    78.7 |    79.5 | .. | .. | .. |    80.0
65+ (%) |     4.7 |     6.0 |     5.3 |     5.6 |     6.8 |     6.2 | .. | .. | .. |     4.8
Low educated (%) |    41.3 |    44.2 |    42.7 |    29.3 |    32.7 |    31.0 | .. | .. | .. |    34.2
Highly educated (%) |    25.8 |    24.2 |    25.1 |    38.7 |    34.4 |    36.6 | .. | .. | .. |    33.1
Total emigration rates (%) |     1.8 |     1.6 |     1.7 |     1.1 |     1.1 |     1.1 | .. | .. | .. |     0.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    12.6 |    15.5 |    13.8 |    11.4 |    14.6 |    12.7 | .. | .. | .. |    10.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
South Africa | 1 484.7 | 18.1 |   .. | 37.7 |  5.5 | 22.7 | 672.4
United Kingdom | 1 152.3 | 14.1 | 22.3 | 52.0 | 46.5 | 13.3 | 675.1
United States | 1 073.1 | 13.1 | 16.7 | 48.1 | 44.3 | 16.1 | 592.1
France |   826.7 | 10.1 | 15.9 | 51.7 | 28.0 | 14.0 | 490.9
Burkina Faso |   375.5 |  4.6 |   .. | 54.3 |  3.1 | 47.8 | 364.0
Portugal |   353.5 |  4.3 |  8.7 | 53.1 | 21.4 |  9.1 | 330.7
Canada |   287.0 |  3.5 | 23.3 | 50.7 | 58.7 | 14.0 | 187.8
Italy |   257.2 |  3.1 | 23.4 | 44.0 | 10.5 | 12.7 | 131.3
Australia |   243.2 |  3.0 | 24.8 | 50.5 | 46.0 | 16.1 | 122.1
Kenya |   204.6 |  2.5 |   .. | 52.2 |  2.6 | 33.7 | 261.1

Labour market indicators of persons born in Sub-Saharan Africa living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment-population ratio (%) |    71.4 |  57.0 |    64.4 |    68.0 |    58.6 |    63.4
Unemployment rate (%) |    11.2 |  13.8 |    12.4 |    15.3 |    16.3 |    15.7
Participation rate (%) |    80.4 |  66.1 |    73.5 |    80.2 |    70.0 |    75.2
Total employed (thousands) | 1 027.4 | 768.3 | 1 795.7 | 1 613.6 | 1 352.2 | 2 965.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |    81.3 |  72.7 |    77.6 |    80.3 |    73.5 |    77.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |     7.4 |   7.9 |     7.6 |     9.4 |     9.8 |     9.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |      .. |    .. |    29.1 |      .. |      .. |    34.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |   419.8 | 289.6 |   709.3 |   725.9 |   585.5 | 1 311.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    41.3 |  37.7 |    40.5 |    40.6 |    40.3 |    39.2
Of which: Health professionals |      .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |    10.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |      .. |    .. |      .. |      .. |      .. |     7.1
Medium-skilled occupations |    57.7 |  61.1 |    48.0 |    46.8 |    47.9 |    47.0
Low-skilled occupations |     1.0 |   1.2 |    11.5 |    12.6 |    11.8 |    13.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01 | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | % growth since 2000/01
United Kingdom |   535.6 | 118.6 | France |   334.1 | 54.8
United States |   475.5 |  81.3 | United Kingdom |   282.1 | 62.8
France |   231.8 |  87.3 | Portugal |   196.0 |  2.0
Canada |   168.3 |  90.9 | United States |   167.0 | 67.8
Australia |   111.8 | 143.1 | Italy |   148.2 | 86.5
Total | 1 835.0 |  95.1 | Total | 1 556.5 | 60.4

International students from Sub-Saharan Africa in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |  47 949 |  50 409 |  51 868
United Kingdom |  28 273 |  31 768 |  31 217
United States |  31 813 |  31 621 |  28 929
Germany |   8 607 |   8 806 |   8 619
Canada |   6 271 |   6 834 |   8 199
Total | 149 483 | 162 494 | 164 486

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (88 240, 8%), FRA (37 766, 24%), ITA (26 964, 8%), CAN (19 120, 7%), GBR (19 000, 5%), DEU (18 523, 1%), ESP (17 233, 5%), AUS (14 616, 6%), SWE (9 900, 12%), NOR (7 753, 11%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 30 | 42 | 32 | 29 | 32
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 13
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 30
Three main countries of desired destination: United States (32%), United Kingdom (13%), France (6%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269931

Benin

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.3 |  |  | Benin compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 165/187 | 27/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 805 |  |  | GDP per capita | 165/209 | 28/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 188/203 | 41/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 74.27 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 117/144 | 30/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 54%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Benin living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 18.5 | 14.3 | 32.8 | 14.9 | 11.5 | 26.4 | .. | .. | .. | 14.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.5 |  1.8 |  4.3 | .. | .. | .. |  2.4
15-24 (%) | 15.3 | 18.1 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 13.9 | .. | .. | .. | 15.8
25-64 (%) | 80.1 | 77.1 | 78.8 | 81.8 | 80.6 | 81.2 | .. | .. | .. | 80.1
65+ (%) |  4.6 |  4.8 |  4.7 |  4.7 |  5.1 |  4.9 | .. | .. | .. |  4.1
Low educated (%) | 27.6 | 40.7 | 33.3 | 18.9 | 30.5 | 24.0 | .. | .. | .. | 26.2
Highly educated (%) | 45.4 | 32.1 | 39.5 | 52.8 | 38.1 | 46.4 | .. | .. | .. | 42.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.7 |  0.5 |  0.6 |  0.6 |  0.4 |  0.5 | .. | .. | .. |  0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  4.5 |  7.5 |  5.2 |  4.2 |  7.2 |  5.0 | .. | .. | .. |  7.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 18.4 | 55.9 | 14.6 | 46.0 | 46.9 | 12.2 | 11.2
Burkina Faso |  2.8 |  8.4 |   .. | 46.6 | 11.6 | 23.1 |  2.7
Italy |  1.9 |  5.8 | 24.5 | 40.5 | 14.1 | 14.9 |  0.7
United States |  1.9 |  5.7 |   .. | 42.5 | 58.5 | 11.8 |  0.9
Cameroon |  1.8 |  5.4 |   .. | 45.8 |  5.1 | 29.4 |   ..
Canada |  1.3 |  4.0 | 56.5 | 35.2 | 92.0 | 18.4 |  0.4
Belgium |  1.0 |  3.2 | 52.1 | 37.3 | 23.8 | 17.6 |  0.4
Mali |  0.8 |  2.3 |   .. | 38.7 |  8.0 | 42.7 |  0.4
United Kingdom |  0.6 |  1.8 | 40.6 | 46.9 | 48.6 | 13.4 |  0.2
Kenya |  0.4 |  1.3 |   .. | 51.2 |  9.3 | 27.9 |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Benin living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 65.4 | 51.1 | 59.1 | 68.5 | 57.8 | 63.9
Unemployment rate (%) | 16.1 | 24.9 | 19.7 | 14.7 | 21.3 | 17.4
Participation rate (%) | 78.0 | 68.0 | 73.6 | 80.3 | 73.5 | 77.4
Total employed (thousands) |  5.0 |  3.1 |  8.1 |  9.1 |  5.8 | 14.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 72.7 | 61.3 | 69.0 | 76.2 | 66.6 | 72.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 13.5 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 11.4 | 17.3 | 13.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 26.3 |   .. |   .. | 32.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.9 |  1.2 |  4.0 |  5.1 |  2.5 |  7.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.8 | 34.9 | 34.8 | 45.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 14.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 42.4 | 44.6 | 45.5 | 39.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  9.8 | 20.5 | 19.7 | 15.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France |  8.6 |  +80.1 | France | 4.1 |    +45.1
Canada |  1.2 | +328.6 | Italy | 1.1 |   +162.5
United States |  1.1 | +100.6 | Switzerland | 0.3 | +1 109.5
United Kingdom |  0.3 | +177.9 | Belgium | 0.2 |   +242.2
Italy |  0.3 | +187.2 | United States | 0.2 |   +123.3
Total | 12.0 |  +99.0 | Total | 6.2 |    +68.1

International students from Benin in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 2 258 | 1 930 | 1 772
United States |   319 |   339 |   303
Canada |   167 |   219 |   285
Germany |   117 |   121 |   111
Italy |    34 |    31 |    53
Total | 2 975 | 2 760 | 2 655

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (810, 0%), USA (415, 0%), CAN (305, 0%), DEU (301, 0%), ITA (181, 0%), BEL (128, 0%), JPN (77, 0%), ESP (36, 0%), CHE (29, 0%), NLD (16, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 21 | 34 | 31 | 20 | 23
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Three main desired countries of destination: France (16%), Nigeria (15%), United States (12%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269605

Botswana

Total population 2013 (millions) | 2.0 |  |  | Botswana compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 109/187 | 3/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 7 315 |  |  | GDP per capita | 81/209 | 5/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 182/203 | 38/48
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 27.83 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 105/144 | 26/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 34%; “15-64”: 63%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Botswana living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) |  9.6 |  9.7 | 19.2 |  3.4 |  3.8 |  7.3 | .. | .. | .. |  4.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.8 |  0.9 |  1.7 | .. | .. | .. |  1.5
15-24 (%) | 30.5 | 26.5 | 28.5 | 43.5 | 34.1 | 38.5 | .. | .. | .. | 41.3
25-64 (%) | 63.6 | 66.0 | 64.8 | 55.3 | 65.1 | 60.5 | .. | .. | .. | 57.3
65+ (%) |  5.9 |  7.5 |  6.7 |  1.2 |  0.8 |  1.0 | .. | .. | .. |  1.4
Low educated (%) | 30.9 | 27.9 | 29.4 | 14.0 | 10.9 | 12.4 | .. | .. | .. | 12.9
Highly educated (%) | 20.3 | 24.5 | 22.4 | 40.7 | 45.0 | 43.0 | .. | .. | .. | 38.8
Total emigration rates (%) |  1.5 |  1.5 |  1.5 |  0.5 |  0.6 |  0.6 | .. | .. | .. |  0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  6.8 |  8.6 |  7.7 |  5.0 |  6.4 |  5.7 | .. | .. | .. |  4.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
South Africa | 10.8 | 56.0 |   .. | 48.5 | 10.3 | 20.3 | 16.6
United Kingdom |  2.8 | 14.4 | 45.2 | 52.6 | 48.8 | 33.4 |  1.6
United States |  2.7 | 13.8 |   .. | 55.7 | 30.6 | 48.0 |  1.3
Australia |  0.7 |  3.7 | 35.9 | 47.2 | 54.0 | 34.3 |  0.5
Zambia |  0.6 |  2.9 |   .. | 43.6 |  7.3 | 50.9 |   ..
Kenya |  0.3 |  1.7 |   .. | 53.1 |   .. | 37.5 |   ..
Canada |  0.3 |  1.6 | 38.1 | 57.4 | 55.7 | 47.5 |  0.1
Ireland |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.1
Malawi |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Switzerland |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Botswana living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 34.4 | 43.7 | 39.0 | 57.8 | 57.2 | 57.5
Unemployment rate (%) | 17.0 | 11.7 | 14.1 | 11.0 | 13.1 | 12.1
Participation rate (%) | 41.5 | 49.5 | 45.5 | 64.9 | 65.8 | 65.4
Total employed (thousands) |  0.7 |  0.9 |  1.6 |  1.2 |  1.3 |  2.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 40.1 | 50.1 | 45.2 | 73.3 | 71.0 | 72.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 12.0 |  9.5 | 10.6 |  6.2 |  9.6 |  8.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 30.9 |   .. |   .. | 26.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  0.3 |  0.4 |  0.7 |  0.8 |  0.8 |  1.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 41.8 | 48.9 | 47.4 | 49.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 49.9 | 43.5 | 48.4 | 44.8
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.3 |  7.6 |  4.2 |  5.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 1.4 |  +79.6 | United Kingdom | 0.5 | +133.6
United States | 0.8 |  +95.7 | United States | 0.2 | +145.8
Australia | 0.4 | +108.6 | Australia | 0.0 |  +37.1
Canada | 0.2 | +240.0 | Canada | 0.0 | +100.0
Ireland | 0.1 | +120.4 | Norway | 0.0 |     ..
Total | 3.1 | +101.2 | Total | 0.9 |  +74.0

International students from Botswana in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   591 |   668 |   578
Australia |   511 |   364 |   241
Canada |   190 |   240 |   225
United States |   236 |   210 |   170
Czech Republic |    42 |    79 |    95
Total | 1 696 | 1 693 | 1 455

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (1 000, 0%), CAN (145, 0%), USA (80, 0%), AUS (68, 0%), JPN (66, 0%), CSFR-CZE (27, 0%), DEU (25, 0%), NOR (6, 0%), NLD (5, 0%), ITA (4, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 14 | 25 | 22 | 18 | 17
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 15
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Three main desired countries of destination: South Africa (38%), United States (19%), United Kingdom (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269622

Burkina Faso

Total population 2013 (millions) | 16.9 |  |  | Burkina Faso compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 181/187 | 40/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 761 |  |  | GDP per capita | 166/209 | 29/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 6.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 197/203 | 44/48
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 72.44 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 46%; “15-64”: 52%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Burkina Faso living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 31.8 | 24.3 | 56.1 | 13.4 |  8.0 | 21.4 | .. | .. | .. |  8.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.6 |  2.5 |  6.1 | .. | .. | .. |  2.4
15-24 (%) | 30.7 | 32.0 | 31.2 | 20.1 | 20.8 | 20.3 | .. | .. | .. | 14.2
25-64 (%) | 65.8 | 62.5 | 64.4 | 77.9 | 76.3 | 77.3 | .. | .. | .. | 84.0
65+ (%) |  3.5 |  5.5 |  4.4 |  2.1 |  2.9 |  2.4 | .. | .. | .. |  1.8
Low educated (%) | 76.0 | 80.0 | 77.7 | 53.4 | 51.1 | 52.5 | .. | .. | .. | 47.8
Highly educated (%) | 12.5 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 24.6 | 26.4 | 25.3 | .. | .. | .. | 29.1
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.8 |  0.6 |  0.7 |  0.3 |  0.2 |  0.3 | .. | .. | .. |  0.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | .. | .. | .. |   ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Mali | 33.2 | 59.2 |   .. | 46.8 |  2.2 | 37.9 | 17.0
Italy |  8.3 | 14.9 | 33.0 | 30.7 |  3.1 | 27.8 |  2.2
France |  7.2 | 12.8 | 26.0 | 48.9 | 39.7 | 15.9 |  4.3
Spain |  1.3 |  2.3 | 42.6 | 21.7 | 10.7 | 16.2 |  0.3
United States |  1.2 |  2.1 |   .. | 31.3 | 51.6 |  9.7 |  0.6
Belgium |  1.0 |  1.8 | 49.7 | 45.3 | 17.6 | 16.8 |  0.4
Canada |  1.0 |  1.8 | 70.7 | 46.9 | 80.6 | 24.5 |  0.3
Cameroon |  0.5 |  0.9 |   .. | 36.7 | 14.3 | 30.6 |   ..
Switzerland |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.2
Austria |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Burkina Faso living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 74.2 | 44.7 | 62.0 | 62.7 | 43.0 | 55.3
Unemployment rate (%) | 12.6 | 21.0 | 15.3 | 20.2 | 30.4 | 23.5
Participation rate (%) | 84.9 | 56.6 | 73.3 | 78.5 | 61.8 | 72.2
Total employed (thousands) |  3.6 |  1.5 |  5.1 |  7.7 |  3.2 | 10.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 75.4 | 55.8 | 68.9 | 71.9 | 62.7 | 68.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 12.2 | 18.1 | 13.9 | 15.0 | 18.0 | 16.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) | 48.4 | 16.7 | 26.5 | 51.0 | 45.4 | 32.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.2 |  0.4 |  1.6 |  2.0 |  1.1 |  3.1
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 31.8 |  9.8 | 14.7 | 26.5
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.9
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 45.4 | 42.7 | 38.8 | 39.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 22.8 | 47.5 | 46.5 | 34.6

Main destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 2.8 |  +72.8 | Italy |  6.7 | +268.1
Canada | 0.8 | +305.1 | France |  2.4 |  +62.8
United States | 0.6 | +102.0 | Spain |  1.0 | +320.8
Austria | 0.3 |     .. | Belgium |  0.3 | +185.3
Italy | 0.3 | +246.7 | Switzerland |  0.2 | +384.0
Total | 5.3 | +124.3 | Total | 11.0 | +183.2

International students from Burkina Faso in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 1 127 | 1 197 | 1 282
United States |   515 |   674 |   611
Canada |   188 |   216 |   297
Italy |    46 |    42 |    73
Germany |    83 |    75 |    56
Total | 2 072 | 2 316 | 2 443

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ITA (1 015, 0%), USA (558, 0%), FRA (491, 0%), CAN (245, 0%), DEU (239, 0%), ESP (113, 0%), JPN (111, 0%), BEL (106, 0%), CHE (51, 0%), KOR (19, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 24 | 43 | 21 | 26 | 30
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 17
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: Ivory Coast (24%), United States (19%), France (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269612

Burundi

Total population 2013 (millions) | 10.2 |  |  | Burundi compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 180/187 | 39/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 267 |  |  | GDP per capita | 185/209 | 46/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 185/203 | 39/48
Poverty rate 2006 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 93.45 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 46/144 | 10/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 45%; “15-64”: 53%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Burundi living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 19.3 | 18.0 | 37.3 | 12.8 | 14.2 | 27.0 | .. | .. | .. | 10.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.6 |  4.1 |  7.7 | .. | .. | .. |  3.3
15-24 (%) | 23.0 | 24.6 | 23.8 | 21.9 | 21.7 | 21.8 | .. | .. | .. | 21.0
25-64 (%) | 75.2 | 73.7 | 74.5 | 76.6 | 76.4 | 76.5 | .. | .. | .. | 77.5
65+ (%) |  1.7 |  1.8 |  1.7 |  1.6 |  2.0 |  1.8 | .. | .. | .. |  1.5
Low educated (%) | 31.1 | 35.0 | 33.0 | 22.4 | 27.3 | 25.0 | .. | .. | .. | 26.4
Highly educated (%) | 30.3 | 31.0 | 30.7 | 43.2 | 38.5 | 40.7 | .. | .. | .. | 42.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.8 |  0.7 |  0.7 |  0.5 |  0.5 |  0.5 | .. | .. | .. |  0.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 12.4 | 20.2 | 15.3 | 11.7 | 19.8 | 14.7 | .. | .. | .. | 21.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Belgium | 6.0 | 16.0 | 23.1 | 55.6 | 31.7 | 19.7 | 3.2
Canada | 5.8 | 15.6 | 41.6 | 51.0 | 54.3 | 23.9 | 2.1
South Africa | 4.6 | 12.3 |   .. | 28.1 |  5.1 | 25.9 | 0.8
United Kingdom | 4.1 | 10.9 | 12.8 | 56.2 | 37.3 | 20.3 | 1.7
Malawi | 2.9 |  7.7 |   .. | 42.7 |  0.3 | 34.0 |  ..
Sweden | 1.8 |  4.9 | 71.0 | 54.9 | 28.8 | 33.2 | 0.3
United States | 1.7 |  4.5 |   .. | 45.5 | 60.4 | 19.5 | 0.8
Netherlands | 1.6 |  4.4 | 16.0 | 35.9 | 16.6 | 10.8 |  ..
France | 1.6 |  4.3 | 23.2 | 59.1 | 45.1 | 22.3 | 1.1
Australia | 1.6 |  4.2 | 47.9 | 50.0 |  9.8 | 31.3 |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Burundi living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 55.2 | 39.2 | 46.9 | 52.3 | 43.7 | 47.7
Unemployment rate (%) | 20.5 | 28.3 | 24.0 | 22.9 | 23.2 | 23.0
Participation rate (%) | 69.4 | 54.6 | 61.8 | 67.8 | 56.9 | 62.0
Total employed (thousands) |  2.7 |  2.1 |  4.8 |  6.2 |  5.8 | 12.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 69.2 | 59.1 | 64.9 | 67.8 | 62.8 | 65.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 16.4 | 19.2 | 17.5 | 15.6 | 17.0 | 16.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 33.8 |   .. |   .. | 41.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.6 |  1.0 |  2.7 |  3.1 |  2.8 |  5.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 44.1 | 31.4 | 33.5 | 34.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.5 | 50.7 | 53.5 | 53.3
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.4 | 17.9 | 12.9 | 12.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Canada |  3.2 | +200.0 | Belgium | 1.3 | +107.0
Belgium |  1.9 |  +40.4 | United Kingdom | 1.2 |  +62.5
United Kingdom |  1.5 | +425.5 | Canada | 0.9 | +123.8
United States |  1.0 | +134.3 | Australia | 0.7 |     ..
France |  0.7 |  +64.8 | Netherlands | 0.4 |     ..
Total | 10.2 | +146.7 | Total | 6.3 | +143.5

International students from Burundi in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 300 | 384 | 504
Canada | 159 | 111 | 126
United States |  87 | 112 | 100
Norway |  76 |  90 |  51
Italy |  53 |  39 |  40
Total | 801 | 877 | 952

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): CAN (615, 0%), USA (535, 0%), BEL (132, 0%), AUS (111, 0%), SWE (98, 0%), FRA (79, 0%), ITA (60, 0%), JPN (59, 0%), NOR (43, 0%), DEU (27, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 12 | 19 | .. | 9 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  |  5
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (18%), Tanzania (15%), Canada (14%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269599

Cameroon

Total population 2013 (millions) | 22.3 |  |  | Cameroon compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 152/187 | 17/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 329 |  |  | GDP per capita | 149/209 | 18/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 151/203 | 21/48
Poverty rate 2007 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 53.15 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 51/144 | 13/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 54%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Cameroon living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 76.6 | 89.8 | 166.4 | 70.5 | 85.6 | 156.1 | .. | .. | .. | 58.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 21.2 | 23.3 |  44.5 | .. | .. | .. | 15.3
15-24 (%) | 17.0 | 17.9 |  17.5 | 16.7 | 17.3 |  17.0 | .. | .. | .. | 19.5
25-64 (%) | 80.7 | 79.2 |  79.9 | 80.9 | 79.8 |  80.3 | .. | .. | .. | 78.8
65+ (%) |  2.3 |  2.9 |   2.6 |  2.4 |  2.9 |   2.7 | .. | .. | .. |  1.7
Low educated (%) | 17.9 | 28.5 |  23.7 | 17.2 | 27.9 |  23.1 | .. | .. | .. | 23.8
Highly educated (%) | 47.9 | 35.3 |  41.1 | 50.1 | 36.2 |  42.5 | .. | .. | .. | 43.1
Total emigration rates (%) |  1.3 |  1.5 |   1.4 |  1.2 |  1.4 |   1.3 | .. | .. | .. |  0.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 13.9 | 15.9 |  14.7 | 13.4 | 15.6 |  14.3 | .. | .. | .. | 16.0

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 69.6 | 41.8 | 20.5 | 59.7 | 36.6 | 17.9 | 33.1
United States | 31.8 | 19.1 | 28.4 | 52.3 | 54.4 | 17.6 | 11.1
Belgium | 11.1 |  6.7 | 53.4 | 50.1 | 22.9 | 18.9 |  2.2
United Kingdom |  9.5 |  5.7 | 41.3 | 50.9 | 57.7 | 16.4 |  2.9
Canada |  7.6 |  4.5 | 63.3 | 46.9 | 77.6 | 13.3 |  2.2
Italy |  7.3 |  4.4 | 37.8 | 49.3 | 30.8 | 14.0 |  2.1
Switzerland |  7.0 |  4.2 | 35.3 | 75.7 | 17.9 | 14.5 |  2.2
South Africa |  4.9 |  2.9 |   .. | 33.4 | 24.7 | 16.2 |  0.9
Spain |  4.7 |  2.8 | 40.6 | 40.8 | 20.7 | 16.8 |  1.3
Kenya |  2.1 |  1.2 |   .. | 47.6 |  2.4 | 25.7 |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Cameroon living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 60.7 | 49.0 | 54.8 | 62.5 | 55.9 | 58.9
Unemployment rate (%) | 18.5 | 25.3 | 21.7 | 19.2 | 22.2 | 20.8
Participation rate (%) | 74.5 | 65.6 | 70.0 | 77.3 | 71.9 | 74.3
Total employed (thousands) | 17.1 | 14.1 | 31.3 | 43.0 | 46.4 | 89.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 71.5 | 62.6 | 67.8 | 74.6 | 66.5 | 70.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 15.0 | 17.2 | 15.8 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 15.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 29.9 |   .. |   .. | 36.2
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 10.2 |  6.3 | 16.5 | 24.9 | 19.7 | 44.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.6 | 43.5 | 41.9 | 41.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 21.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 42.8 | 44.3 | 49.3 | 44.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.6 | 12.2 |  8.7 | 14.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 25.5 | +105.2 | France | 19.7 | +103.3
United States | 17.3 | +158.8 | United States |  2.9 | +187.9
Canada |  5.9 | +281.8 | Switzerland |  2.8 | +322.2
United Kingdom |  5.5 | +275.3 | Spain |  2.3 | +255.3
Belgium |  2.5 | +202.3 | Belgium |  2.0 | +536.2
Total | 63.9 | +159.7 | Total | 34.7 | +155.0

International students from Cameroon in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |  5 655 |  6 264 |  6 583
Germany |  5 000 |  5 121 |  5 197
Italy |  1 915 |  2 292 |  2 652
United States |  1 893 |  1 864 |  1 482
Belgium |    163 |    671 |  1 064
Total | 16 890 | 18 879 | 19 731

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (4 104, 2%), USA (3 815, 0%), CAN (2 040, 0%), DEU (2 010, 0%), BEL (1 305, 1%), ITA (1 262, 0%), ESP (602, 0%), CHE (256, 0%), KOR (213, 0%), JPN (146, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 32 | 50 | 33 | 23 | 34
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 14
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (28%), France (14%), Canada (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269644

Chad

Total population 2013 (millions) | 12.8 |  |  | Chad compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 184/187 | 43/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 054 |  |  | GDP per capita | 155/209 | 22/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 199/203 | 45/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 60.54 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 48%; “15-64”: 49%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Chad living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 38.8 | 32.1 | 70.9 |  5.0 |  4.0 |  9.0 | .. | .. | .. |  5.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.8 |  0.6 |  1.4 | .. | .. | .. |  1.3
15-24 (%) | 26.6 | 30.5 | 28.4 | 14.1 | 11.5 | 12.9 | .. | .. | .. | 14.5
25-64 (%) | 68.4 | 63.1 | 66.0 | 83.3 | 82.2 | 82.8 | .. | .. | .. | 84.5
65+ (%) |  5.0 |  6.4 |  5.6 |  2.7 |  6.3 |  4.3 | .. | .. | .. |  1.0
Low educated (%) | 80.7 | 88.2 | 84.2 | 19.2 | 30.9 | 24.4 | .. | .. | .. | 23.3
Highly educated (%) |  8.8 |  5.3 |  7.2 | 45.5 | 35.5 | 41.0 | .. | .. | .. | 42.9
Total emigration rates (%) |  1.3 |  1.1 |  1.2 |  0.2 |  0.1 |  0.2 | .. | .. | .. |  0.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | .. | .. | .. |   ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Cameroon | 45.0 | 63.5 |   .. | 44.3 |  1.5 | 32.3 |  ..
Sudan | 14.9 | 21.1 |   .. | 49.5 |  1.5 | 23.8 |  ..
France |  6.5 |  9.2 | 15.6 | 47.5 | 41.1 | 11.2 | 4.2
Burkina Faso |  0.7 |  1.0 |   .. | 22.1 | 17.6 | 52.9 | 0.7
United States |  0.5 |  0.8 |   .. | 21.3 | 29.3 | 31.3 | 0.3
Kenya |  0.5 |  0.8 |   .. | 54.7 |  5.7 | 35.8 |  ..
Canada |  0.5 |  0.7 | 42.6 | 31.3 | 81.3 |  5.2 | 0.6
Belgium |  0.4 |  0.6 | 37.3 | 41.5 | 17.3 | 16.6 | 0.2
United Kingdom |  0.3 |  0.5 | 39.9 | 41.7 | 43.9 | 19.9 | 0.2
Mali |  0.3 |  0.4 |   .. | 43.3 | 10.0 | 56.7 |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Chad living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 64.4 | 51.3 | 58.9 | 61.5 | 51.6 | 57.1
Unemployment rate (%) | 18.9 | 23.1 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 22.8 | 21.2
Participation rate (%) | 79.3 | 66.8 | 74.1 | 76.9 | 66.9 | 72.4
Total employed (thousands) |  2.1 |  1.2 |  3.4 |  2.8 |  1.9 |  4.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 71.2 | 66.6 | 69.6 | 67.4 | 68.8 | 67.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 17.5 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 17.7 | 13.1 | 15.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 25.6 |   .. |   .. | 38.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.1 |  0.6 |  1.7 |  1.4 |  0.9 |  2.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 51.7 | 33.2 | 31.6 | 42.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 14.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 13.8
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 39.7 | 56.8 | 57.8 | 45.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.6 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 12.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 2.7 |  +49.1 | France | 1.6 |  +57.9
Canada | 0.4 |  +14.7 | Italy | 0.1 | +285.7
United States | 0.2 |  +53.3 | Belgium | 0.1 | +121.7
United Kingdom | 0.1 | +127.0 | United Kingdom | 0.1 | +100.0
Belgium | 0.1 |  +54.3 | Spain | 0.1 |     ..
Total | 3.6 |  +47.7 | Total | 2.2 |  +61.9

International students from Chad in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 465 | 441 | 480
United States | 127 |  95 |  81
Canada |  26 |  24 |  27
Turkey |   3 |   3 |  20
Italy |  13 |  11 |  20
Total | 706 | 651 | 690

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ITA (266, 0%), FRA (218, 0%), USA (155, 0%), CAN (90, 0%), DEU (82, 0%), JPN (28, 0%), ESP (13, 0%), AUS (7, 0%), SWE (6, 0%), AUT (4, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 27 | 19 | 17 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 22
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 42
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (10%), Nigeria (10%), Saudi Arabia (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269860

Congo

Total population 2013 (millions) | 4.4 |  |  | Congo compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 140/187 | 9/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 167 |  |  | GDP per capita | 124/209 | 10/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 148/203 | 19/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 57.25 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 34/144 | 7/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 54%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Congo living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 41.6 | 36.4 | 78.0 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 36.7 | .. | .. | .. | 68.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.8 |  3.1 |  5.9 | .. | .. | .. | 10.7
15-24 (%) | 20.9 | 24.0 | 22.4 | 17.2 | 18.2 | 17.7 | .. | .. | .. | 13.6
25-64 (%) | 76.5 | 71.9 | 74.4 | 79.4 | 76.6 | 77.9 | .. | .. | .. | 84.6
65+ (%) |  2.6 |  4.1 |  3.3 |  3.4 |  5.2 |  4.3 | .. | .. | .. |  1.8
Low educated (%) | 26.2 | 35.5 | 30.5 | 21.3 | 26.4 | 24.0 | .. | .. | .. | 28.1
Highly educated (%) | 27.2 | 21.4 | 24.5 | 45.0 | 33.6 | 39.1 | .. | .. | .. | 36.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  3.4 |  3.0 |  3.2 |  1.5 |  1.6 |  1.5 | .. | .. | .. |  3.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 18.5 | 31.0 | 22.1 | 13.6 | 26.9 | 17.4 | .. | .. | .. | 34.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
South Africa | 22.1 | 28.4 |   .. | 38.5 | 14.6 | 21.0 |  6.2
United States |  9.4 | 12.1 |   .. | 48.5 | 48.8 | 15.8 |  4.4
United Kingdom |  8.0 | 10.3 | 24.7 | 58.7 | 31.9 | 28.2 |  2.5
Zambia |  7.0 |  8.9 |   .. | 49.0 |  3.9 | 18.8 |   ..
Belgium |  4.2 |  5.4 | 14.2 | 51.8 | 37.2 |  6.8 | 14.6
Mali |  4.1 |  5.2 |   .. | 52.7 |  2.7 | 55.6 |  1.4
Italy |  2.9 |  3.8 | 27.6 | 51.5 | 26.6 | 15.7 |  1.9
Portugal |  2.3 |  3.0 |  8.4 | 53.3 | 36.6 |  4.7 |  1.7
Cameroon |  2.2 |  2.9 |   .. | 48.9 |  7.6 | 24.2 |   ..
Ireland |  2.0 |  2.5 | 30.1 | 50.0 | 23.4 | 25.1 |  0.8

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Congo living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 61.4 | 46.0 | 54.0 | 55.3 | 40.2 | 47.2
Unemployment rate (%) | 22.7 | 31.3 | 26.4 | 22.0 | 26.0 | 23.9
Participation rate (%) | 79.4 | 67.0 | 73.5 | 70.8 | 54.3 | 62.0
Total employed (thousands) | 21.1 | 14.5 | 35.6 |  6.7 |  5.6 | 12.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 71.4 | 63.4 | 68.5 | 67.3 | 56.7 | 62.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 18.1 | 19.7 | 18.7 | 17.2 | 16.3 | 16.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 40.6 |   .. |   .. | 30.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 10.6 |  5.6 | 16.2 |  3.2 |  2.3 |  5.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 35.0 | 33.5 | 29.8 | 48.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.9
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.1 | 56.5 | 58.7 | 41.8
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 16.9 |  9.9 | 11.5 | 10.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  4.6 | +120.3 | United Kingdom | 2.9 | +256.2
United Kingdom |  2.5 | +240.8 | United States | 0.9 | +104.4
Belgium |  1.6 |  -74.9 | Belgium | 0.9 |  -66.3
Portugal |  0.8 |  +64.8 | Italy | 0.9 |  +49.1
Italy |  0.8 |  +69.6 | Portugal | 0.8 |   +8.1
Total | 13.8 |  -42.8 | Total | 8.4 |  -54.6

International students from Congo in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 2 704 | 2 872 | 2 948
Italy |   299 |   368 |   331
United States |   150 |   227 |   241
Canada |   184 |    90 |   111
Belgium |    12 |    16 |    77
Total | 3 744 | 3 926 | 4 056

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (2 445, 1%), USA (1 461, 0%), ITA (335, 0%), DEU (310, 0%), AUS (209, 0%), ESP (129, 0%), CAN (90, 0%), NOR (62, 0%), POL (51, 0%), SWE (50, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 38 | 55 | 20 | 33 | 38
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 21
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 21
Three main desired countries of destination: France (26%), United States (16%), Canada (12%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269663

Côte d’Ivoire

Total population 2013 (millions) | 20.3 |  |  | Côte d’Ivoire compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 171/187 | 30/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 529 |  |  | GDP per capita | 146/209 | 17/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 8.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 155/203 | 23/48
Poverty rate 2008 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 59.07 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 112/144 | 28/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 41%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Côte d’Ivoire living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 246.4 | 266.0 | 512.4 | 67.9 | 68.8 | 136.7 | .. | .. | .. | 62.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. | 13.1 | 13.0 |  26.0 | .. | .. | .. | 11.4
15-24 (%) |  43.0 |  44.8 |  43.9 | 16.1 | 17.9 |  17.0 | .. | .. | .. | 21.9
25-64 (%) |  56.2 |  54.4 |  55.3 | 82.0 | 80.6 |  81.3 | .. | .. | .. | 77.0
65+ (%) |   0.8 |   0.8 |   0.8 |  1.9 |  1.5 |   1.7 | .. | .. | .. |  1.1
Low educated (%) |  70.6 |  81.2 |  76.1 | 33.9 | 42.8 |  38.4 | .. | .. | .. | 38.7
Highly educated (%) |  13.2 |   7.7 |  10.3 | 34.1 | 26.1 |  30.0 | .. | .. | .. | 26.7
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.2 |   4.7 |   4.4 |  1.2 |  1.3 |   1.2 | .. | .. | .. |  0.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   6.1 |   8.1 |   6.8 |  4.5 |  7.3 |   5.4 | .. | .. | .. |  4.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Burkina Faso | 279.3 | 54.5 |   .. | 52.8 |  2.9 | 56.1 | 271.6
Mali |  90.7 | 17.7 |   .. | 52.3 |  3.0 | 46.2 |  36.8
France |  79.4 | 15.5 | 15.7 | 55.0 | 29.9 | 14.7 |  41.9
Italy |  18.0 |  3.5 | 29.4 | 44.7 |  8.2 | 23.6 |   6.4
United States |  13.4 |  2.6 | 17.4 | 39.1 | 38.3 | 19.5 |   6.8
United Kingdom |   7.4 |  1.5 | 24.8 | 52.4 | 41.1 | 17.5 |   2.4
Canada |   5.1 |  1.0 | 57.7 | 43.4 | 72.4 | 19.6 |   1.6
Belgium |   4.2 |  0.8 | 39.3 | 44.2 | 16.8 | 19.5 |   1.2
Liberia |   3.6 |  0.7 |   .. | 44.0 |  1.7 | 47.9 |    ..
Switzerland |   2.7 |  0.5 | 31.1 | 53.8 | 35.5 |  9.4 |   1.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Côte d’Ivoire living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 63.1 | 46.7 | 55.3 | 64.1 | 56.2 | 60.0
Unemployment rate (%) | 18.6 | 27.8 | 22.6 | 19.4 | 23.7 | 21.5
Participation rate (%) | 77.6 | 64.7 | 71.4 | 79.5 | 73.7 | 76.5
Total employed (thousands) | 20.3 | 13.9 | 34.2 | 37.5 | 35.3 | 72.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 71.3 | 57.7 | 66.4 | 73.2 | 65.2 | 69.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 14.7 | 19.0 | 16.1 | 14.2 | 18.6 | 16.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 37.4 |   .. |   .. | 44.7
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  7.5 |  3.4 | 10.9 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 24.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 31.9 | 21.2 | 20.7 | 28.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 12.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.2
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 49.1 | 54.4 | 51.1 | 47.6
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 19.0 | 24.4 | 28.2 | 24.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 23.8 | +120.2 | France | 30.5 |  +81.5
United States |  5.1 |  +91.2 | Italy | 10.5 | +178.2
Canada |  3.7 | +302.7 | United States |  2.9 | +103.1
United Kingdom |  3.0 | +275.2 | United Kingdom |  2.1 | +288.9
Italy |  1.5 | +187.3 | Spain |  1.8 | +886.1
Total | 40.5 | +145.1 | Total | 51.8 | +115.8

International students from Côte d’Ivoire in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 3 526 | 3 544 | 3 901
United States |   712 |   859 |   925
Canada |   263 |   354 |   384
Italy |   107 |   136 |   178
Germany |   219 |   182 |   165
Total | 5 074 | 5 344 | 5 783

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 24 | 33 | 41 | 28 | 25
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 39
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (22%), France (20%), Canada (11%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269635

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Total population 2013 (millions) | 67.5 |  |  | Dem. Rep. of the Congo compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 186/187 | 45/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 484 |  |  | GDP per capita | 180/209 | 41/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 8.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 166/203 | 29/48
Poverty rate 2005 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 95.15 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 76/144 | 20/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 45%; “15-64”: 52%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 151.7 | 154.3 | 306.0 | 127.9 | 137.6 | 265.5 | .. | .. | .. | 101.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  18.1 |  21.9 |  40.0 | .. | .. | .. |  14.3
15-24 (%) |  16.1 |  17.5 |  16.8 |  14.9 |  16.3 |  15.6 | .. | .. | .. |  17.3
25-64 (%) |  80.2 |  77.9 |  79.0 |  81.1 |  78.9 |  80.0 | .. | .. | .. |  78.8
65+ (%) |   3.7 |   4.5 |   4.1 |   4.0 |   4.8 |   4.4 | .. | .. | .. |   3.9
Low educated (%) |  25.2 |  33.1 |  29.1 |  23.7 |  31.1 |  27.5 | .. | .. | .. |  26.8
Highly educated (%) |  36.6 |  27.9 |  32.2 |  40.5 |  30.3 |  35.3 | .. | .. | .. |  38.0
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.9 |   0.9 |   0.9 |   0.8 |   0.8 |   0.8 | .. | .. | .. |   0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   7.5 |  15.8 |   9.7 |   7.0 |  15.2 |   9.2 | .. | .. | .. |  10.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 116.3 | 38.0 | 15.6 | 51.7 | 29.0 | 16.2 | 23.0
Belgium |  78.4 | 25.6 | 15.2 | 53.4 | 33.4 | 10.3 | 46.6
South Africa |  20.5 |  6.7 |   .. | 36.6 | 17.5 | 20.8 |  3.4
Canada |  17.6 |  5.8 | 29.0 | 53.0 | 49.2 | 25.0 |  8.2
United Kingdom |  17.5 |  5.7 | 22.7 | 55.6 | 34.2 | 23.2 |  6.8
United States |  11.2 |  3.7 |   .. | 50.8 | 49.5 | 18.4 |  5.2
Zambia |   7.5 |  2.5 |   .. | 50.3 |  1.7 | 22.9 |   ..
Switzerland |   5.7 |  1.9 |  3.5 | 38.3 | 36.7 |  8.1 |  3.2
Italy |   3.5 |  1.1 | 15.2 | 50.7 | 30.7 |  9.2 |  2.0
Netherlands |   3.1 |  1.0 | 11.7 | 34.4 | 23.7 | 17.4 |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 62.1 | 46.0 | 54.2 | 59.4 | 48.1 |  53.5
Unemployment rate (%) | 19.1 | 25.1 | 21.7 | 20.4 | 25.5 |  22.9
Participation rate (%) | 76.8 | 61.5 | 69.2 | 74.6 | 64.6 |  69.4
Total employed (thousands) | 29.2 | 21.2 | 50.4 | 69.8 | 60.3 | 130.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 73.4 | 65.5 | 70.0 | 72.0 | 62.7 |  67.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 15.4 | 14.8 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 17.4 |  16.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 39.6 |   .. |   .. |  44.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 14.5 |  9.8 | 24.3 | 31.3 | 22.1 |  53.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 34.7 | 38.1 | 35.9 |  32.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  17.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   7.7
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.3 | 48.2 | 49.7 |  48.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 17.1 | 13.7 | 14.4 |  19.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 33.8 | +561.7 | France | 34.1 | +310.1
Belgium | 26.2 |  +37.7 | Belgium | 16.9 |  +66.9
Canada |  8.7 | +109.3 | United Kingdom |  5.8 | +182.5
United Kingdom |  6.0 | +203.4 | Canada |  2.9 | +162.4
United States |  5.6 | +116.3 | United States |  1.4 | +125.9
Total | 87.5 | +144.6 | Total | 68.3 | +170.2

International students from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |   741 |   757 |   881
United States |   282 |   247 |   310
Italy |   133 |   158 |   140
Canada |   158 |    84 |    99
United Kingdom |    85 |   105 |    81
Total | 1 726 | 1 779 | 1 901

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (4 019, 2%), USA (3 731, 0%), CAN (1 250, 0%), BEL (1 037, 0%), AUS (428, 0%), ITA (323, 0%), FIN (308, 1%), CHE (208, 0%), SWE (197, 0%), DEU (190, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 35 | 46 | 40 | 36 | 38
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 22
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (18%), France (17%), South Africa (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269653

Eritrea

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.3 |  |  | Eritrea compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 182/187 | 41/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 544 |  |  | GDP per capita | 176/209 | 37/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 125/203 | 12/48
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Eritrea living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 53.5 | 52.5 | 106.0 | 44.8 | 44.3 | 89.1 | .. | .. | .. | 48.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 15.3 | 12.5 | 27.8 | .. | .. | .. |  6.8
15-24 (%) | 14.7 | 14.2 |  14.4 | 11.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | .. | .. | .. | 12.4
25-64 (%) | 78.7 | 77.2 |  78.0 | 81.3 | 80.0 | 80.6 | .. | .. | .. | 83.7
65+ (%) |  6.6 |  8.6 |   7.6 |  7.0 |  9.4 |  8.2 | .. | .. | .. |  3.9
Low educated (%) | 40.6 | 51.7 |  46.1 | 33.8 | 45.4 | 39.6 | .. | .. | .. | 37.5
Highly educated (%) | 24.8 | 16.7 |  20.8 | 27.4 | 18.8 | 23.2 | .. | .. | .. | 21.6
Total emigration rates (%) |  3.2 |  3.1 |   3.1 |  2.7 |  2.6 |  2.7 | .. | .. | .. |  2.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | .. | .. | .. |   ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 25.7 | 24.3 | 21.9 | 47.7 | 30.8 |  9.6 | 16.8
United Kingdom | 16.4 | 15.5 | 44.1 | 51.1 | 26.3 | 18.1 |  5.8
Sudan | 14.9 | 14.0 |   .. | 49.1 |  6.1 | 33.7 |   ..
Italy | 14.8 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 52.1 | 12.5 |  5.8 | 12.3
Sweden |  8.8 |  8.3 | 49.0 | 52.7 | 10.2 | 10.3 |  4.2
Canada |  7.4 |  7.0 | 29.3 | 50.4 | 37.9 |  6.6 |  4.7
Norway |  5.6 |  5.3 | 71.4 | 47.0 | 13.7 | 14.4 |  1.6
Netherlands |  3.1 |  2.9 | 13.3 | 42.7 | 15.1 | 16.7 |   ..
Switzerland |  3.0 |  2.8 | 45.3 | 43.1 |  5.9 |  9.5 |  1.0
Australia |  2.6 |  2.4 | 18.0 | 50.8 | 25.4 |  9.1 |  1.3

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Eritrea living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 68.3 | 52.0 | 59.8 | 63.4 | 50.5 | 57.0
Unemployment rate (%) | 10.0 | 12.7 | 11.3 | 14.5 | 15.9 | 15.1
Participation rate (%) | 75.9 | 59.6 | 67.3 | 74.1 | 60.0 | 67.2
Total employed (thousands) | 14.7 | 12.3 | 27.1 | 26.4 | 20.1 | 46.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 78.7 | 68.8 | 74.9 | 73.0 | 62.7 | 68.8
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.2 |  8.5 |  7.7 | 10.1 | 13.5 | 11.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 40.3 |   .. |   .. | 47.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  4.7 |  2.5 |  7.2 |  8.1 |  4.8 | 12.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 27.1 | 23.3 | 18.5 | 20.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.1
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 59.8 | 61.2 | 61.2 | 61.2
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 13.1 | 15.5 | 20.3 | 18.1

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  7.9 |  +81.8 | United Kingdom |  8.1 |   +231.2
United Kingdom |  4.3 | +220.6 | United States |  7.2 |    +46.4
Canada |  2.8 |  +71.3 | Italy |  7.1 |    +11.5
Italy |  1.9 |  +24.3 | Norway |  3.0 | +2 114.6
Sweden |  0.9 | +113.1 | Sweden |  2.9 |   +114.0
Total | 20.2 | +102.5 | Total | 34.5 |    +99.2

International students from Eritrea in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 163 | 163 | 107
Norway |  31 |  44 |  81
Italy | 105 |  91 |  78
Germany |  33 |  35 |  42
United Kingdom |  87 |  56 |  30
Total | 466 | 469 | 446

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (2 643, 0%), NOR (2 366, 3%), SWE (2 213, 2%), CHE (1 129, 0%), CAN (980, 0%), DEU (833, 0%), ITA (613, 0%), AUS (441, 0%), FRA (278, 0%), NLD (41, 0%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269672

Ethiopia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 94.1 |  |  | Ethiopia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 173/187 | 32/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 505 |  |  | GDP per capita | 178/209 | 39/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 10.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 176/203 | 34/48
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 72.20 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 54%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Ethiopia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 189.7 | 177.6 | 367.3 | 150.6 | 157.5 | 308.1 | .. | .. | .. | 165.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  23.5 |  25.5 |  49.0 | .. | .. | .. |  32.8
15-24 (%) |  18.5 |  18.1 |  18.3 |  16.0 |  14.9 |  15.5 | .. | .. | .. |  19.1
25-64 (%) |  75.8 |  75.4 |  75.6 |  77.2 |  77.9 |  77.6 | .. | .. | .. |  76.4
65+ (%) |   5.7 |   6.5 |   6.1 |   6.8 |   7.1 |   7.0 | .. | .. | .. |   4.5
Low educated (%) |  31.6 |  39.6 |  35.5 |  25.1 |  35.0 |  30.2 | .. | .. | .. |  36.1
Highly educated (%) |  26.3 |  20.2 |  23.4 |  32.1 |  22.1 |  27.0 | .. | .. | .. |  23.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.8 |   0.7 |   0.8 |   0.6 |   0.6 |   0.6 | .. | .. | .. |   0.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. | .. | .. | .. |    ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 140.3 | 38.2 | 18.9 | 49.7 | 33.6 | 14.1 | 66.1
Israel |  63.3 | 17.2 | 17.0 | 50.5 |  8.5 | 23.4 | 41.4
South Africa |  27.5 |  7.5 |   .. | 11.7 |  1.9 | 23.9 |  1.2
Canada |  23.2 |  6.3 | 23.3 | 51.4 | 42.9 |  9.8 | 13.5
Sudan |  22.3 |  6.1 |   .. | 57.8 |  4.7 | 45.5 |   ..
Italy |  18.8 |  5.1 |  9.0 | 59.3 | 12.3 |  6.5 | 12.7
United Kingdom |  14.4 |  3.9 | 23.6 | 55.4 | 39.4 | 16.6 |  7.2
Sweden |  12.2 |  3.3 | 27.6 | 48.1 | 21.9 | 10.6 | 10.6
Australia |   7.4 |  2.0 | 26.4 | 51.4 | 22.8 | 17.9 |  2.9
Kenya |   6.9 |  1.9 |   .. | 44.2 |  4.9 | 33.9 | 13.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Ethiopia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 63.3 | 51.6 | 57.4 |  71.8 | 60.9 |  66.2
Unemployment rate (%) | 10.3 | 11.4 | 10.8 |   9.8 | 12.4 |  11.0
Participation rate (%) | 70.5 | 58.3 | 64.4 |  79.7 | 69.5 |  74.5
Total employed (thousands) | 50.5 | 41.2 | 91.8 | 100.4 | 88.7 | 189.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 78.9 | 73.6 | 76.8 |  81.8 | 75.6 |  79.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  6.9 |  6.0 |  6.6 |   8.4 |  9.3 |   8.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 45.4 |    .. |   .. |  46.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 18.2 | 10.8 | 29.0 |  37.1 | 25.4 |  62.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 25.8 |  25.0 | 22.0 |  24.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |  12.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   8.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 63.7 |  65.9 | 62.5 |  63.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 10.5 |   9.1 | 15.5 |  12.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 47.2 | +106.9 | Israel | 36.5 |  +28.9
Canada |  9.9 | +126.3 | United States | 24.4 |  +96.1
United Kingdom |  5.7 | +108.4 | Italy |  8.4 |  +36.5
Israel |  5.4 | +208.8 | United Kingdom |  4.7 | +193.6
Sweden |  2.7 |  +51.4 | Canada |  3.7 |  +14.4
Total | 82.0 | +115.1 | Total | 91.7 |  +56.6

International students from Ethiopia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 317 | 1 539 | 1 292
Finland |   240 |   467 |   454
Sweden |    88 |   325 |   391
Italy |   172 |   162 |   382
Norway |   293 |   299 |   336
Total | 3 361 | 4 443 | 4 798

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (14 544, 1%), ISR (2 432, 14%), CAN (1 740, 0%), DEU (1 124, 0%), ITA (837, 0%), AUS (801, 0%), SWE (662, 0%), NOR (540, 0%), NLD (248, 0%), JPN (246, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 34 | 55 | .. | 31 | 35
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 26
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (50%), Saudi Arabia (14%), United Kingdom (3%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269684

Gabon

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1.7 |  |  | Gabon compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 112/187 | 4/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 11 571 |  |  | GDP per capita | 63/209 | 3/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.9 |  |  | Emigration rate | 140/203 | 17/48
Poverty rate 2005 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 20.88 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 87/144 | 23/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 38%; “15-64”: 56%; “65+”: 5% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Gabon living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 13.0 | 15.5 | 28.5 |  9.0 | 11.4 | 20.4 | .. | .. | .. | 10.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.9 |  2.5 |  4.4 | .. | .. | .. |  2.3
15-24 (%) | 40.3 | 36.1 | 38.1 | 28.3 | 27.0 | 27.5 | .. | .. | .. | 32.2
25-64 (%) | 57.6 | 61.2 | 59.6 | 69.2 | 69.9 | 69.6 | .. | .. | .. | 65.4
65+ (%) |  2.0 |  2.6 |  2.4 |  2.6 |  3.1 |  2.9 | .. | .. | .. |  2.4
Low educated (%) | 33.2 | 36.1 | 34.8 | 18.2 | 23.8 | 21.3 | .. | .. | .. | 30.0
Highly educated (%) | 37.5 | 32.2 | 34.6 | 50.0 | 41.2 | 45.1 | .. | .. | .. | 36.4
Total emigration rates (%) |  2.7 |  3.2 |  2.9 |  1.9 |  2.3 |  2.1 | .. | .. | .. |  1.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 15.8 |  5.8 |  8.5 | 14.8 |  5.6 |  8.0 | .. | .. | .. |  4.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 17.1 | 60.0 | 26.7 | 56.6 | 44.0 | 28.0 | 9.4
Mali |  4.7 | 16.3 |   .. | 50.5 |  4.7 | 73.3 | 1.2
Burkina Faso |  1.1 |  4.0 |   .. | 53.5 |  5.3 | 61.4 | 1.3
Cameroon |  1.0 |  3.5 |   .. | 42.4 |  8.1 | 51.5 |  ..
South Africa |  1.0 |  3.3 |   .. | 55.7 | 24.4 | 51.1 | 0.1
United States |  0.8 |  2.8 |   .. | 55.6 | 33.8 | 29.7 | 0.4
Canada |  0.7 |  2.5 | 51.3 | 52.1 | 84.5 | 34.5 | 0.4
Belgium |  0.5 |  1.8 | 40.4 | 53.5 | 29.5 | 20.3 | 0.3
Spain |  0.4 |  1.2 | 62.0 | 60.0 | 18.6 | 38.6 |  ..
United Kingdom |  0.3 |  1.2 | 38.9 | 59.6 | 55.1 | 18.3 |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Gabon living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 44.1 | 33.9 | 38.8 | 51.7 | 43.3 | 47.0
Unemployment rate (%) | 18.4 | 28.0 | 23.0 | 22.0 | 30.1 | 26.4
Participation rate (%) | 54.0 | 47.0 | 50.4 | 66.3 | 61.9 | 63.9
Total employed (thousands) |  2.3 |  1.9 |  4.1 |  4.3 |  4.6 |  9.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 50.5 | 45.3 | 48.2 | 64.4 | 50.6 | 57.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 15.0 | 19.8 | 17.1 | 15.8 | 25.2 | 20.3
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 27.2 |   .. |   .. | 28.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.1 |  0.8 |  1.9 |  2.7 |  2.3 |  5.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.7 | 56.9 | 31.9 | 48.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 11.2
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 43.9 | 39.0 | 61.3 | 41.1
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.3 |  4.2 |  6.8 | 10.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 7.5 | +127.0 | France | 3.7 |  +26.3
Canada | 0.6 | +135.3 | United States | 0.2 |  +92.6
United States | 0.3 |  +82.4 | Belgium | 0.1 |  +80.7
United Kingdom | 0.2 |     .. | Spain | 0.1 |     ..
Switzerland | 0.2 | +366.7 | Italy | 0.1 | +279.2
Total | 9.1 | +132.6 | Total | 4.3 |  +34.0

International students from Gabon in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 3 585 | 4 205 | 3 948
United States |   303 |   303 |   389
Germany |   177 |   187 |   204
Canada |   257 |   189 |   153
Italy |    20 |    26 |    68
Total | 4 387 | 4 967 | 4 825

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (915, 0%), USA (197, 0%), JPN (66, 0%), ITA (41, 0%), DEU (32, 0%), ESP (27, 0%), CHE (17, 0%), KOR (16, 0%), NOR (6, 0%), AUT (6, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 29 | 45 | 26 | 29 | 30
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 11
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 37
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (19%), France (15%), Canada (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269694

Gambia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1.8 |  |  | Gambia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 172/187 | 31/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 489 |  |  | GDP per capita | 179/209 | 40/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 102/203 | 8/48
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 15/144 | 5/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 46%; “15-64”: 52%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Gambia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 27.3 | 14.8 | 42.1 | 26.6 | 14.2 | 40.8 | .. | .. | .. | 20.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.6 |  3.3 |  9.9 | .. | .. | .. |  5.2
15-24 (%) | 16.6 | 20.6 | 18.0 | 16.3 | 20.0 | 17.6 | .. | .. | .. | 17.2
25-64 (%) | 81.7 | 77.9 | 80.3 | 82.0 | 78.6 | 80.8 | .. | .. | .. | 81.7
65+ (%) |  1.7 |  1.6 |  1.7 |  1.7 |  1.5 |  1.6 | .. | .. | .. |  1.1
Low educated (%) | 50.1 | 49.1 | 49.7 | 49.3 | 47.2 | 48.6 | .. | .. | .. | 50.3
Highly educated (%) | 20.4 | 19.7 | 20.1 | 20.6 | 20.6 | 20.6 | .. | .. | .. | 17.3
Total emigration rates (%) |  5.7 |  3.1 |  4.4 |  5.6 |  3.0 |  4.3 | .. | .. | .. |  3.0
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 25.7 | 35.9 | 28.5 | 25.4 | 35.8 | 28.3 | .. | .. | .. | 20.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 10.7 | 25.4 |   .. | 35.5 | 29.6 | 20.7 | 5.6
United Kingdom | 10.5 | 24.9 | 38.6 | 45.6 | 35.6 | 13.5 | 3.6
Spain |  9.9 | 23.5 | 31.1 | 21.2 |  1.5 | 23.3 | 5.8
Sweden |  3.3 |  7.7 | 33.7 | 40.3 | 13.0 | 14.3 | 2.6
France |  1.7 |  4.1 | 14.3 | 47.2 | 11.9 |  9.6 | 1.0
Norway |  1.0 |  2.3 | 18.4 | 39.8 | 14.6 |  9.4 | 0.8
Italy |  0.8 |  2.0 | 34.3 | 26.1 |  6.4 | 23.8 | 0.3
Mali |  0.7 |  1.6 |   .. | 55.2 |  3.0 | 34.3 | 0.4
Denmark |  0.6 |  1.3 | 19.4 | 43.1 |  8.8 | 11.1 | 0.5
Netherlands |  0.5 |  1.2 | 10.4 | 28.6 | 11.9 |  6.6 |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Gambia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 66.0 | 43.7 | 58.2 | 52.7 | 44.9 | 50.0
Unemployment rate (%) | 14.2 | 17.0 | 15.0 | 33.9 | 32.5 | 33.4
Participation rate (%) | 76.9 | 52.6 | 68.5 | 79.6 | 66.5 | 75.1
Total employed (thousands) |  8.9 |  3.1 | 12.0 | 10.2 |  4.7 | 14.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 76.2 | 66.2 | 73.4 | 71.1 | 65.7 | 69.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  6.4 | 10.3 |  7.4 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 13.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 53.8 |   .. |   .. | 57.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.9 |  0.6 |  2.5 |  2.1 |  1.3 |  3.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 15.6 | 17.7 | 19.5 | 18.4
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 60.6 | 62.3 | 64.8 | 62.1
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 23.8 | 20.0 | 15.6 | 19.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 3.7 | +273.5 | Spain |  9.0 |  +70.8
United States | 3.2 |  +89.4 | United Kingdom |  3.2 | +224.0
Sweden | 0.4 |  +41.7 | United States |  2.5 |  +87.5
France | 0.2 |  +62.7 | France |  1.3 |  +86.2
Spain | 0.1 | +141.7 | Sweden |  1.1 |  +27.4
Total | 8.2 | +138.0 | Total | 19.4 |  +93.9

International students from Gambia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 330 | 296 | 371
United Kingdom | 332 | 305 | 231
Canada |  35 |  42 |  78
Turkey |   5 |  10 |  26
Australia |  .. |   6 |  18
Total | 779 | 736 | 814

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ESP (1 540, 0%), USA (1 159, 0%), DEU (592, 0%), ITA (273, 0%), SWE (260, 0%), FRA (122, 0%), AUT (103, 0%), FIN (48, 0%), NOR (46, 0%), CHE (42, 0%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269724

Ghana

Total population 2013 (millions) | 25.9 |  |  | Ghana compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 138/187 | 8/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 858 |  |  | GDP per capita | 138/209 | 13/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.6 |  |  | Emigration rate | 132/203 | 14/48
Poverty rate 2005 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 51.84 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 41/144 | 9/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 38%; “15-64”: 58%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Ghana living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 198.0 | 177.1 | 375.1 | 176.4 | 154.6 | 331.0 | .. | .. | .. | 165.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  33.8 |  29.7 |  63.5 | .. | .. | .. |  37.9
15-24 (%) |  12.2 |  13.8 |  13.0 |  11.7 |  12.7 |  12.2 | .. | .. | .. |  13.8
25-64 (%) |  84.2 |  82.7 |  83.5 |  84.7 |  84.0 |  84.4 | .. | .. | .. |  84.1
65+ (%) |   3.6 |   3.4 |   3.5 |   3.6 |   3.2 |   3.4 | .. | .. | .. |   2.1
Low educated (%) |  28.5 |  36.2 |  32.1 |  25.0 |  29.1 |  26.9 | .. | .. | .. |  27.6
Highly educated (%) |  36.1 |  27.8 |  32.2 |  39.0 |  31.4 |  35.5 | .. | .. | .. |  32.6
Total emigration rates (%) |   2.6 |   2.3 |   2.5 |   2.3 |   2.0 |   2.2 | .. | .. | .. |   1.5
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  15.5 |  17.3 |  16.2 |  15.1 |  17.1 |  15.8 | .. | .. | .. |  11.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 114.8 | 30.6 | 14.3 | 43.9 | 42.8 | 13.4 | 62.0
United Kingdom |  91.8 | 24.5 | 23.2 | 51.8 | 47.1 |  9.6 | 53.3
Italy |  34.2 |  9.1 | 27.3 | 41.6 |  3.9 | 16.4 | 16.4
Burkina Faso |  24.1 |  6.4 |   .. | 67.6 |  0.8 | 21.2 | 23.3
Germany |  23.4 |  6.2 | 11.1 | 54.6 |  9.9 |  8.2 |   ..
Canada |  20.6 |  5.5 | 12.4 | 50.3 | 53.9 | 11.7 | 15.8
Spain |   9.5 |  2.5 | 30.1 | 21.9 | 13.3 |  5.1 |  2.6
South Africa |   7.7 |  2.1 |   .. | 31.1 | 23.8 | 10.1 |  2.4
Belgium |   6.6 |  1.8 | 37.6 | 47.6 |  5.6 | 21.3 |  2.5
Netherlands |   6.1 |  1.6 | 18.4 | 45.6 | 18.1 | 11.7 |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Ghana living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 76.5 | 60.8 |  69.3 |  74.0 | 63.3 |  69.0
Unemployment rate (%) |  7.9 | 12.1 |   9.6 |  13.2 | 14.1 |  13.6
Participation rate (%) | 83.1 | 69.2 |  76.7 |  85.3 | 73.7 |  79.9
Total employed (thousands) | 67.0 | 44.9 | 111.9 | 125.5 | 94.3 | 219.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 82.3 | 73.0 |  78.8 |  81.0 | 76.6 |  79.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  5.9 |  7.2 |   6.4 |   9.2 |  8.6 |   9.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  39.2 |    .. |   .. |  43.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 26.3 | 13.9 |  40.2 |  52.3 | 35.1 |  87.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  30.9 |  28.4 | 29.5 |  28.6
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |  14.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |   .. |   6.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  55.5 |  51.3 | 50.8 |  50.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  13.6 |  20.3 | 19.7 |  20.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States |  49.1 | +108.2 | Italy | 21.1 |  +95.2
United Kingdom |  43.2 | +126.6 | United Kingdom | 20.2 |  +61.3
Canada |  11.1 | +121.5 | United States | 13.2 |  +39.6
Germany |   2.3 |     .. | Germany | 11.4 |     ..
Australia |   1.5 | +150.3 | Spain |  6.5 | +214.6
Total | 115.7 | +122.2 | Total | 87.9 |  +99.5

International students from Ghana in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 2 898 | 2 925 | 2 682
United Kingdom | 2 237 | 1 881 | 1 879
Finland |   285 |   395 |   382
Italy |   114 |   217 |   341
Canada |   323 |   306 |   336
Total | 6 856 | 6 956 | 7 203

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (10 592, 1%), ITA (4 007, 1%), DEU (2 356, 0%), ESP (1 533, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), CAN (520, 0%), BEL (490, 0%), NLD (427, 0%), JPN (362, 0%), AUS (252, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 40 | 56 | 34 | 34 | 43
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 17
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 36
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (45%), United Kingdom (17%), Germany (7%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269701

Guinea

Total population 2013 (millions) | 11.7 |  |  | Guinea compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 179/187 | 38/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 523 |  |  | GDP per capita | 177/209 | 38/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 160/203 | 27/48
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 72.65 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 42%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Guinea living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 66.7 | 46.6 | 113.3 | 37.8 | 25.7 | 63.5 | .. | .. | .. | 21.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 19.7 | 15.3 | 35.0 | .. | .. | .. |  6.6
15-24 (%) | 22.3 | 30.0 |  25.4 | 19.2 | 23.5 | 21.0 | .. | .. | .. | 14.7
25-64 (%) | 73.7 | 65.8 |  70.5 | 76.9 | 72.9 | 75.3 | .. | .. | .. | 82.6
65+ (%) |  4.0 |  4.3 |   4.1 |  3.9 |  3.6 |  3.8 | .. | .. | .. |  2.8
Low educated (%) | 66.6 | 71.6 |  68.6 | 47.1 | 51.1 | 48.7 | .. | .. | .. | 50.9
Highly educated (%) | 15.6 | 10.8 |  13.6 | 26.3 | 19.4 | 23.5 | .. | .. | .. | 23.0
Total emigration rates (%) |  2.1 |  1.5 |   1.8 |  1.2 |  0.8 |  1.0 | .. | .. | .. |  0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | .. | .. | .. |   ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 26.5 | 23.4 | 23.7 | 45.2 | 24.3 | 17.9 |  7.4
Mali | 22.3 | 19.7 |   .. | 47.4 |  1.4 | 29.5 | 13.0
Liberia | 22.2 | 19.6 |   .. | 36.2 |  0.7 | 32.3 |   ..
United States | 10.0 |  8.8 | 31.2 | 41.3 | 26.9 | 13.9 |  4.8
Belgium |  8.0 |  7.1 | 60.7 | 37.7 |  7.6 | 33.0 |  0.7
Spain |  6.2 |  5.5 | 35.4 | 31.3 |  9.8 | 23.5 |  5.2
Canada |  3.4 |  3.0 | 44.6 | 49.3 | 55.0 | 27.0 |  1.2
Cameroon |  2.9 |  2.6 |   .. | 52.9 |  2.7 | 31.7 |   ..
Italy |  2.5 |  2.3 | 35.0 | 33.8 | 13.2 | 24.5 |  0.7
United Kingdom |  2.1 |  1.9 | 48.0 | 45.8 | 34.2 | 27.5 |  0.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Guinea living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 59.8 | 42.4 | 52.7 | 53.8 | 41.2 | 48.7
Unemployment rate (%) | 22.5 | 28.8 | 24.7 | 25.2 | 31.3 | 27.4
Participation rate (%) | 77.1 | 59.5 | 69.9 | 71.9 | 60.0 | 67.1
Total employed (thousands) |  7.2 |  3.5 | 10.8 | 19.5 | 10.2 | 29.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 69.5 | 63.6 | 67.3 | 67.5 | 60.3 | 65.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 16.1 | 18.9 | 17.0
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 48.7 |   .. |   .. | 59.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.0 |  1.1 |  3.1 |  5.9 |  2.7 |  8.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 23.8 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 19.2
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 13.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 57.5 | 66.0 | 72.5 | 60.3
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 18.8 | 18.6 | 13.7 | 20.5

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France |  6.4 | +291.1 | France | 13.0 |   +237.3
United States |  2.7 |  +93.7 | Spain |  4.3 |    +14.2
Canada |  1.9 | +156.9 | United States |  3.1 |    +92.9
United Kingdom |  0.7 | +824.0 | Belgium |  2.9 | +1 346.0
Spain |  0.6 |  +27.1 | Italy |  1.5 |   +237.5
Total | 13.9 | +191.0 | Total | 28.8 |   +172.9

International students from Guinea in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 2 751 | 3 631 | 3 867
Canada |   154 |   162 |   189
Spain |     4 |   178 |   185
Germany |   101 |   111 |   103
United States |   167 |   178 |   101
Total | 3 414 | 4 432 | 4 676

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (2 094, 1%), USA (1 656, 0%), ESP (905, 0%), DEU (742, 0%), ITA (533, 0%), BEL (388, 0%), CAN (260, 0%), AUT (55, 0%), CHE (54, 0%), SWE (52, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 33 | 51 | 49 | 28 | 36
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 30
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  |  7
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (35%), France (16%), Angola (5%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269718

Kenya

Total population 2013 (millions) | 44.4 |  |  | Kenya compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 147/187 | 13/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 246 |  |  | GDP per capita | 152/209 | 19/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 157/203 | 25/48
Poverty rate 2005 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 67.21 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 48/144 | 12/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 42%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Kenya living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 139.2 | 147.2 | 286.4 | 129.8 | 139.8 | 269.5 | .. | .. | .. | 198.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  15.3 |  19.0 |  34.3 | .. | .. | .. |  21.3
15-24 (%) |  12.2 |  11.2 |  11.7 |  11.9 |  11.0 |  11.5 | .. | .. | .. |  11.3
25-64 (%) |  78.6 |  79.1 |  78.9 |  78.7 |  79.3 |  79.0 | .. | .. | .. |  83.5
65+ (%) |   9.3 |   9.6 |   9.4 |   9.4 |   9.6 |   9.5 | .. | .. | .. |   5.2
Low educated (%) |  19.3 |  23.1 |  21.3 |  19.3 |  23.3 |  21.4 | .. | .. | .. |  27.1
Highly educated (%) |  48.8 |  43.4 |  46.1 |  50.2 |  44.1 |  47.1 | .. | .. | .. |  38.7
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.2 |   1.2 |   1.2 |   1.1 |   1.2 |   1.1 | .. | .. | .. |   1.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  12.2 |  20.3 |  15.1 |  11.8 |  19.7 |  14.6 | .. | .. | .. |  15.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 137.0 | 47.8 |  7.7 | 51.3 | 42.8 |  6.4 | 125.5
United States |  76.4 | 26.7 | 16.2 | 50.2 | 51.7 | 18.2 |  37.5
Canada |  23.1 |  8.1 | 10.9 | 53.9 | 63.1 | 11.5 |  19.1
Australia |  11.4 |  4.0 | 24.0 | 50.1 | 56.8 | 19.4 |   6.1
South Africa |  10.0 |  3.5 |   .. | 45.2 | 27.1 | 12.3 |   6.6
Switzerland |   3.0 |  1.1 | 29.0 | 73.8 | 28.2 |  9.1 |   1.5
Italy |   2.8 |  1.0 | 26.1 | 62.6 | 21.0 | 12.1 |   1.5
Sudan |   1.9 |  0.7 |   .. | 43.0 | 16.5 | 13.4 |    ..
Netherlands |   1.9 |  0.6 | 17.5 | 57.5 | 31.1 | 25.8 |    ..
New Zealand |   1.5 |  0.5 | 14.7 | 51.3 | 46.1 | 12.9 |   1.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Kenya living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 78.7 | 65.4 |  72.1 | 76.8 | 67.7 |  72.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.9 |  6.2 |   6.1 |  8.2 |  8.2 |   8.2
Participation rate (%) | 83.6 | 69.8 |  76.7 | 83.7 | 73.7 |  78.5
Total employed (thousands) | 74.1 | 60.6 | 134.7 | 89.5 | 85.0 | 174.6
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 87.0 | 77.0 |  82.5 | 86.2 | 78.0 |  82.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.8 |  4.5 |   4.1 |  5.6 |  6.0 |   5.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. |  25.7 |   .. |   .. |  30.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 34.6 | 24.6 |  59.3 | 51.4 | 45.0 |  96.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  49.5 | 53.5 | 46.8 |  49.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |  10.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |   5.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  44.5 | 41.1 | 48.1 |  44.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |   6.0 |  5.4 |  5.1 |   5.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom |  58.6 |  +54.5 | United Kingdom | 40.2 |   -4.1
United States |  39.5 | +105.6 | United States |  7.7 | +166.9
Canada |  14.6 |  +45.0 | Canada |  2.2 |  -34.3
Australia |   6.5 | +130.6 | Switzerland |  1.3 | +134.2
Switzerland |   0.9 | +195.2 | Italy |  0.9 |  +88.7
Total | 125.9 |  +71.3 | Total | 57.2 |  +11.1

International students from Kenya in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States |  5 844 |  5 336 | 3 776
United Kingdom |  2 428 |  2 410 | 2 235
Australia |  1 417 |  1 411 | 1 191
Finland |    340 |    354 |   388
Canada |    400 |    381 |   351
Total | 11 583 | 11 341 | 9 545

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (7 043, 0%), CAN (1 040, 0%), DEU (1 034, 0%), AUS (563, 0%), JPN (357, 0%), ITA (226, 0%), SWE (197, 0%), NLD (150, 0%), CHE (131, 0%), AUT (114, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 27 | 37 | 30 | 25 | 28
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  8
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 47
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (41%), United Kingdom (11%), Tanzania (5%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269737

Liberia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 4.3 |  |  | Liberia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.4 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 175/187 | 34/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 454 |  |  | GDP per capita | 182/209 | 43/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 11.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 114/203 | 10/48
Poverty rate 2007 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 94.88 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 88/144 | 24/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 54%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Liberia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 44.6 | 43.1 | 87.7 | 42.0 | 40.5 | 82.5 | .. | .. | .. | 41.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.3 |  5.6 | 10.9 | .. | .. | .. | 12.0
15-24 (%) | 21.8 | 23.8 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 23.9 | 23.1 | .. | .. | .. | 20.5
25-64 (%) | 75.0 | 71.3 | 73.2 | 74.6 | 71.0 | 72.8 | .. | .. | .. | 74.9
65+ (%) |  3.1 |  4.9 |  4.0 |  3.1 |  5.1 |  4.1 | .. | .. | .. |  4.6
Low educated (%) | 20.6 | 27.0 | 23.7 | 18.9 | 24.8 | 21.8 | .. | .. | .. | 20.8
Highly educated (%) | 35.6 | 27.4 | 31.6 | 35.6 | 27.1 | 31.4 | .. | .. | .. | 33.7
Total emigration rates (%) |  3.8 |  3.7 |  3.8 |  3.6 |  3.5 |  3.5 | .. | .. | .. |  2.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  8.5 |  8.4 |  8.5 |  8.1 |  7.9 |  8.0 | .. | .. | .. | 15.2

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 67.1 | 76.5 | 11.7 | 50.9 | 32.2 | 24.0 | 35.5
United Kingdom |  3.5 |  4.0 | 20.3 | 42.3 | 36.4 | 16.0 |  1.4
Australia |  2.4 |  2.7 | 35.7 | 54.0 | 14.1 | 31.7 |  0.0
Cameroon |  2.2 |  2.5 |   .. | 56.2 |  0.9 | 32.9 |   ..
Canada |  1.8 |  2.1 | 27.6 | 49.9 | 46.8 | 23.6 |  0.6
Italy |  1.7 |  1.9 | 17.4 | 17.5 |  5.5 |  5.2 |  0.2
Thailand |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..
Netherlands |  1.4 |  1.6 |  5.5 | 33.0 | 28.2 | 27.7 |   ..
Belgium |  0.8 |  1.0 | 31.6 | 31.6 |  8.7 | 11.9 |  0.3
Norway |  0.8 |  0.9 | 15.0 | 52.0 | 17.0 | 30.1 |  0.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Liberia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 72.4 | 66.7 | 69.5 | 70.7 | 68.2 | 69.5
Unemployment rate (%) |  9.5 |  8.7 |  9.1 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 14.0
Participation rate (%) | 80.0 | 73.0 | 76.5 | 82.3 | 79.2 | 80.8
Total employed (thousands) | 14.1 | 13.1 | 27.2 | 28.4 | 25.8 | 54.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 85.2 | 80.3 | 83.1 | 80.8 | 83.3 | 81.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.7 |  5.0 |  4.8 | 11.6 |  7.3 |  9.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 45.9 |   .. |   .. | 43.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  6.6 |  4.5 | 11.1 | 11.5 |  8.7 | 20.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 30.5 | 29.3 | 26.5 | 28.0
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 20.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  8.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 66.3 | 65.8 | 72.1 | 67.6
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  3.1 |  4.9 |  1.4 |  4.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 21.6 |    +75.8 | United States | 12.3 |    +83.4
United Kingdom |  1.3 |   +210.6 | Italy |  1.2 | +1 062.1
Canada |  0.9 |   +200.0 | United Kingdom |  1.0 |   +197.7
Netherlands |  0.4 |       .. | Netherlands |  0.8 |       ..
Australia |  0.3 | +1 055.2 | Australia |  0.5 |       ..
Total | 25.7 |    +87.1 | Total | 17.8 |   +110.6

International students from Liberia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 298 | 229 | 154
Norway |  43 |  61 |  42
United Kingdom |  18 |  24 |  40
Australia |   1 |   9 |  31
Italy |   3 |   8 |  11
Total | 421 | 391 | 326

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (4 109, 0%), AUS (174, 0%), ITA (120, 0%), DEU (100, 0%), JPN (86, 0%), CAN (45, 0%), KOR (29, 0%), AUT (29, 0%), SWE (29, 0%), FRA (26, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 56 | 63 | 55 | 56 | 54
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 16
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (63%), Ghana (5%), United Kingdom (5%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269745

Madagascar

Total population 2013 (millions) | 22.9 |  |  | Madagascar compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 155/187 | 19/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 463 |  |  | GDP per capita | 181/209 | 42/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 161/203 | 28/48
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 95.13 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 42%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Madagascar living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 50.2 | 71.8 | 122.0 | 48.6 | 70.1 | 118.8 | .. | .. | .. | 76.6
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  4.3 |  8.0 |  12.3 | .. | .. | .. |  7.9
15-24 (%) | 11.4 |  9.4 |  10.2 | 11.3 |  9.3 |  10.1 | .. | .. | .. |  9.4
25-64 (%) | 77.6 | 79.0 |  78.4 | 77.4 | 78.9 |  78.3 | .. | .. | .. | 80.8
65+ (%) | 11.0 | 11.6 |  11.4 | 11.3 | 11.8 |  11.6 | .. | .. | .. |  9.8
Low educated (%) | 28.1 | 38.1 |  33.9 | 27.4 | 37.7 |  33.5 | .. | .. | .. | 33.4
Highly educated (%) | 36.0 | 29.7 |  32.3 | 36.6 | 30.1 |  32.8 | .. | .. | .. | 31.9
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.8 |  1.2 |   1.0 |  0.8 |  1.2 |   1.0 | .. | .. | .. |  0.9
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |   .. |   .. |    .. |   .. |   .. |    .. | .. | .. | .. |   ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 105.9 | 86.8 | 12.7 | 58.3 | 30.9 | 10.0 | 69.4
Canada |   2.9 |  2.4 | 24.9 | 53.1 | 66.0 |  8.7 |  1.9
United States |   2.6 |  2.1 |   .. | 63.8 | 62.7 |  9.2 |  1.1
Mauritius |   2.0 |  1.6 |   .. | 46.0 |  3.5 | 11.8 |  0.5
Italy |   1.7 |  1.4 | 26.1 | 72.7 | 19.5 | 13.3 |  1.0
Belgium |   1.7 |  1.4 | 28.7 | 73.7 | 18.3 | 23.6 |  0.9
Switzerland |   1.4 |  1.2 | 14.3 | 80.3 | 37.2 |   .. |  0.8
United Kingdom |   1.0 |  0.8 | 24.6 | 66.8 | 50.4 |  8.6 |  0.8
Seychelles |   0.5 |  0.4 |   .. | 75.2 | 11.6 | 10.3 |  0.4
Norway |   0.4 |  0.4 | 10.6 | 53.6 | 63.2 | 11.0 |  0.3

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Madagascar living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 70.9 | 52.8 | 60.9 | 68.4 | 54.6 | 60.3
Unemployment rate (%) | 13.6 | 21.7 | 17.7 | 15.3 | 22.8 | 19.5
Participation rate (%) | 82.1 | 67.5 | 74.0 | 80.8 | 70.7 | 74.8
Total employed (thousands) | 21.9 | 20.2 | 42.1 | 29.1 | 33.1 | 62.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 77.7 | 65.8 | 71.8 | 81.3 | 69.6 | 74.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 10.3 | 13.8 | 11.9 |  9.3 | 13.6 | 11.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 24.0 |   .. |   .. | 29.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  9.0 |  7.6 | 16.6 | 12.7 | 13.2 | 25.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 42.9 | 57.2 | 43.3 | 42.5
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 17.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 10.2
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.0 | 35.9 | 45.3 | 45.5
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  9.2 |  6.8 | 11.4 | 12.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 32.7 |  +54.1 | France | 37.1 | +56.3
Canada |  1.9 |  +77.2 | Italy |  0.7 | +38.5
United States |  1.6 | +132.7 | Belgium |  0.5 | +70.1
Switzerland |  0.5 | +101.5 | Switzerland |  0.3 | +57.0
United Kingdom |  0.5 |  +73.6 | Canada |  0.3 |  -30.1
Total | 38.8 |  +59.4 | Total | 39.5 | +54.9

International students from Madagascar in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 3 456 | 3 465 | 3 827
United States |   130 |   141 |   129
Canada |    71 |    78 |    99
Switzerland |    59 |    50 |    72
Germany |    52 |    60 |    63
Total | 3 901 | 3 928 | 4 364

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (2 231, 1%), DEU (211, 0%), CAN (155, 0%), ITA (117, 0%), BEL (95, 0%), USA (79, 0%), CHE (64, 0%), JPN (37, 0%), NOR (22, 0%), ESP (22, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 11 | 17 | 29 | 8 | 11
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  |  8
Three main desired countries of destination: France (58%), United States (16%), Mauritius (3%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269759

Malawi

Total population 2013 (millions) | 16.4 |  |  | Malawi compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 174/187 | 33/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 226 |  |  | GDP per capita | 186/209 | 47/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.0 |  |  | Emigration rate | 196/203 | 43/48
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 88.14 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 22/144 | 6/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 45%; “15-64”: 52%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Malawi living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 139.8 | 100.8 | 240.7 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 21.7 | .. | .. | .. | 14.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  1.2 |  1.4 |  2.7 | .. | .. | .. |  0.8
15-24 (%) |  27.4 |  39.9 |  32.6 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 11.0 | .. | .. | .. | 13.5
25-64 (%) |  68.4 |  56.6 |  63.5 | 84.7 | 84.4 | 84.5 | .. | .. | .. | 83.8
65+ (%) |   4.2 |   3.5 |   3.9 |  4.3 |  4.5 |  4.4 | .. | .. | .. |  2.6
Low educated (%) |  57.0 |  67.8 |  60.7 | 23.6 | 27.4 | 25.5 | .. | .. | .. | 33.9
Highly educated (%) |   6.0 |   9.2 |   7.1 | 49.3 | 41.9 | 45.5 | .. | .. | .. | 36.4
Total emigration rates (%) |   3.3 |   2.4 |   2.9 |  0.3 |  0.3 |  0.3 | .. | .. | .. |  0.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  23.5 |  31.0 |  26.3 | 18.6 | 27.6 | 22.0 | .. | .. | .. | 19.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Mozambique | 123.9 | 51.5 |   .. | 54.2 |  0.1 | 46.9 |   ..
South Africa |  83.3 | 34.6 |   .. | 20.2 |  2.3 | 18.4 | 24.7
United Kingdom |  15.7 |  6.5 | 13.7 | 52.2 | 41.1 |  8.0 | 11.7
Zambia |  10.3 |  4.3 |   .. | 51.4 |  0.4 | 23.4 |   ..
United States |   3.4 |  1.4 |   .. | 46.3 | 50.9 | 25.5 |  1.7
Botswana |   1.4 |  0.6 |   .. | 34.4 | 38.2 | 15.4 |   ..
Australia |   0.8 |  0.3 | 21.3 | 50.4 | 62.2 | 13.0 |  0.3
Canada |   0.4 |  0.2 |  9.0 | 32.9 | 96.2 |  3.8 |  0.4
Ireland |   0.3 |  0.1 | 53.5 | 47.1 | 48.1 | 20.5 |  0.1
Netherlands |    .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Malawi living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 77.2 | 55.4 | 66.5 | 76.0 | 61.3 | 68.4
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.6 |  8.1 |  7.2 |  8.5 |  8.4 |  8.4
Participation rate (%) | 82.7 | 60.3 | 71.7 | 83.0 | 66.9 | 74.7
Total employed (thousands) |  5.7 |  4.0 |  9.7 |  6.4 |  5.5 | 11.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 85.3 | 74.8 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 76.4 | 80.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.6 |  5.1 |  4.8 |  7.0 |  5.8 |  6.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 21.0 |   .. |   .. | 30.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.6 |  1.6 |  4.2 |  3.4 |  2.9 |  6.2
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 53.2 | 54.3 | 46.4 | 50.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.1
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.9
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 40.5 | 38.7 | 47.0 | 42.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  6.3 |  7.0 |  6.6 |  6.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 6.5 |  +80.9 | United Kingdom | 5.0 |  +12.1
United States | 1.7 | +105.7 | United States | 0.2 | +113.2
Australia | 0.5 | +172.9 | Portugal | 0.1 |   -4.2
Canada | 0.4 |  +24.6 | Australia | 0.0 |     ..
Netherlands | 0.2 |     .. | Italy | 0.0 |  +76.0
Total | 9.8 |  +88.6 | Total | 5.5 |  +13.6

International students from Malawi in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   533 |   466 | 358
United States |   297 |   272 | 250
Australia |    83 |    94 | 107
Turkey |    18 |    25 |  40
Canada |    19 |    27 |  27
Total | 1 042 | 1 011 | 930

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): JPN (200, 0%), USA (192, 0%), CAN (45, 0%), DEU (32, 0%), AUS (26, 0%), NOR (15, 0%), KOR (15, 0%), NLD (13, 0%), ESP (11, 0%), SWE (8, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 36 | 46 | 29 | 34 | 38
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 31
Three main desired countries of destination: South Africa (43%), United Kingdom (16%), United States (14%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269799

Mali

Total population 2013 (millions) | 15.3 |  |  | Mali compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 176/187 | 35/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 715 |  |  | GDP per capita | 167/209 | 30/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 158/203 | 26/48
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 78.78 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 107/144 | 27/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 47%; “15-64”: 50%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Mali living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 72.8 | 52.5 | 125.3 | 52.5 | 29.8 | 82.3 | .. | .. | .. | 45.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  6.4 |  4.1 | 10.4 | .. | .. | .. |  6.3
15-24 (%) | 11.1 | 18.7 |  14.3 |  7.9 | 14.4 | 10.3 | .. | .. | .. | 10.9
25-64 (%) | 83.0 | 76.6 |  80.3 | 86.3 | 82.9 | 85.1 | .. | .. | .. | 86.7
65+ (%) |  6.0 |  4.7 |   5.4 |  5.8 |  2.6 |  4.6 | .. | .. | .. |  2.4
Low educated (%) | 73.0 | 76.9 |  74.6 | 66.8 | 62.5 | 65.3 | .. | .. | .. | 68.6
Highly educated (%) | 12.0 |  8.9 |  10.7 | 14.8 | 14.3 | 14.6 | .. | .. | .. | 12.6
Total emigration rates (%) |  1.9 |  1.4 |   1.7 |  1.4 |  0.8 |  1.1 | .. | .. | .. |  0.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  5.4 |  8.1 |   6.1 |  4.9 |  7.6 |  5.6 | .. | .. | .. |  9.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 62.4 | 49.8 | 11.0 | 38.6 | 13.4 |  9.2 | 37.6
Burkina Faso | 34.6 | 27.6 |   .. | 59.9 |  2.1 | 21.7 | 33.9
Spain | 10.3 |  8.2 | 38.2 | 18.4 |  4.3 | 10.2 |  3.3
Cameroon |  5.9 |  4.7 |   .. | 20.9 |  3.2 | 23.5 |   ..
United States |  5.1 |  4.1 |   .. | 40.8 | 28.2 | 15.9 |  2.7
Italy |  1.0 |  0.8 | 41.0 | 29.6 | 11.5 | 23.0 |  0.3
Canada |  1.0 |  0.8 | 44.7 | 52.9 | 87.9 | 25.7 |  0.8
Liberia |  1.0 |  0.8 |   .. | 23.5 |  1.0 | 16.3 |   ..
South Africa |  0.9 |  0.7 |   .. | 31.1 |  6.8 | 22.7 |  0.0
Switzerland |  0.7 |  0.6 | 75.6 | 44.8 | 37.8 |   .. |  0.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Mali living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 67.0 | 38.9 | 57.4 | 63.0 | 47.4 | 57.3
Unemployment rate (%) | 22.7 | 31.8 | 25.0 | 19.4 | 27.9 | 22.2
Participation rate (%) | 86.6 | 57.0 | 76.5 | 78.2 | 65.7 | 73.6
Total employed (thousands) | 19.6 |  5.9 | 25.5 | 29.3 | 12.8 | 42.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 75.8 | 58.2 | 69.6 | 66.6 | 56.4 | 62.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 12.1 | 19.5 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 22.0 | 16.6
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 40.8 |   .. |   .. | 50.5
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  2.8 |  1.2 |  3.9 |  4.3 |  2.1 |  6.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 18.7 | 14.3 | 26.8 | 16.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 12.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.0
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 47.1 | 55.8 | 63.8 | 49.1
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 34.2 | 29.9 |  9.4 | 34.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France |  8.4 | +103.0 | France | 41.6 |  +57.1
United States |  1.4 |  +90.7 | Spain |  8.6 | +185.6
Canada |  0.9 |  +96.7 | United States |  1.7 |  +77.5
Spain |  0.4 | +214.3 | Italy |  0.7 | +381.1
Switzerland |  0.3 | +511.4 | Switzerland |  0.3 | +375.4
Total | 12.0 | +110.4 | Total | 53.5 |  +72.7

International students from Mali in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 1 766 | 1 940 | 2 258
United States |   435 |   496 |   389
Canada |   197 |   225 |   294
Turkey |     3 |     7 |    47
Germany |    47 |    41 |    39
Total | 2 536 | 2 805 | 3 129

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): FRA (4 426, 2%), ESP (1 638, 0%), ITA (1 472, 0%), USA (734, 0%), DEU (301, 0%), CAN (150, 0%), JPN (35, 0%), AUT (29, 0%), CHE (13, 0%), SWE (10, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 15 | 32 | 25 | 21 | 21
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 17
Three main desired countries of destination: France (24%), Spain (17%), United States (15%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269766

Mauritius

Total population 2013 (millions) | 1.3 |  |  | Mauritius compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 0.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 63/187 | 1/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 9 478 |  |  | GDP per capita | 73/209 | 4/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 57/203 | 4/48
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 1.85 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 8/144 | 2/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 20%; “15-64”: 72%; “65+”: 9% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Mauritius living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 64.8 | 76.0 | 140.8 | 62.8 | 74.4 | 137.2 | .. | .. | .. | 91.5
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. | 10.2 | 10.9 |  21.0 | .. | .. | .. |  6.4
15-24 (%) |  9.7 |  8.6 |   9.1 |  9.5 |  8.3 |   8.9 | .. | .. | .. |  9.5
25-64 (%) | 78.1 | 80.6 |  79.4 | 78.4 | 80.9 |  79.7 | .. | .. | .. | 82.3
65+ (%) | 12.3 | 10.9 |  11.5 | 12.1 | 10.8 |  11.4 | .. | .. | .. |  8.3
Low educated (%) | 28.1 | 38.7 |  33.8 | 28.6 | 39.1 |  34.3 | .. | .. | .. | 45.0
Highly educated (%) | 40.3 | 29.7 |  34.6 | 40.9 | 30.0 |  35.0 | .. | .. | .. | 25.7
Total emigration rates (%) | 11.5 | 13.0 |  12.2 | 11.2 | 12.7 |  12.0 | .. | .. | .. |  9.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 44.0 | 43.4 |  43.7 | 43.7 | 43.2 |  43.4 | .. | .. | .. | 53.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 40.9 | 29.0 |  9.5 | 59.4 | 18.9 |  7.6 | 29.7
United Kingdom | 40.4 | 28.7 | 18.0 | 50.1 | 49.2 |  9.2 | 26.5
Australia | 22.3 | 15.8 | 20.8 | 50.7 | 34.1 |  9.5 | 16.6
Canada | 12.0 |  8.5 | 27.0 | 50.3 | 61.6 | 11.0 |  6.5
Italy |  6.8 |  4.8 | 10.5 | 57.7 |  2.7 |  4.8 |  5.5
United States |  3.4 |  2.4 |   .. | 61.8 | 55.5 |  8.9 |  1.5
Belgium |  3.1 |  2.2 | 14.2 | 76.8 |  9.5 |  7.2 |  2.6
Switzerland |  2.9 |  2.1 | 25.5 | 65.3 | 19.6 |  8.6 |  1.9
Ireland |  2.7 |  2.0 | 77.4 | 43.6 | 29.5 | 21.8 |  0.1
South Africa |  2.5 |  1.8 |   .. | 47.0 | 13.7 | 11.3 |  3.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Mauritius living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 74.0 | 58.6 | 65.5 | 73.5 | 62.2 | 67.3
Unemployment rate (%) | 10.3 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 11.4
Participation rate (%) | 82.5 | 67.5 | 74.2 | 82.3 | 70.7 | 76.0
Total employed (thousands) | 27.7 | 27.0 | 54.6 | 39.5 | 40.0 | 79.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 81.8 | 73.9 | 78.4 | 81.9 | 74.0 | 78.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.3 |  5.5 |  4.8 |  5.3 |  7.2 |  6.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 22.3 |   .. |   .. | 32.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 10.1 |  6.8 | 16.8 | 17.4 | 14.5 | 31.9
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 35.8 | 47.5 | 41.8 | 39.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 45.8 | 37.8 | 44.8 | 43.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 18.5 | 14.7 | 13.4 | 17.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 19.9 |  +84.9 | France | 21.4 | +23.4
France |  7.7 | +101.5 | United Kingdom |  9.5 | +29.9
Australia |  7.6 | +161.9 | Italy |  4.9 | +20.7
Canada |  7.4 | +134.6 | Australia |  4.0 | -41.4
United States |  1.9 | +133.3 | Belgium |  1.5 |  +4.6
Total | 46.8 | +109.3 | Total | 45.9 | +17.0

International students from Mauritius in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 1 826 | 1 658 | 1 536
United Kingdom | 1 702 | 1 556 | 1 475
Australia | 1 273 | 1 533 | 1 180
Canada |   207 |   213 |   243
United States |   218 |   208 |   199
Total | 5 383 | 5 328 | 4 807

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (1 000, 0%), FRA (931, 0%), AUS (886, 0%), CAN (730, 0%), ITA (290, 0%), DEU (109, 0%), BEL (96, 0%), CHE (84, 0%), USA (77, 0%), JPN (49, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 25 | 52 | 31 | 32 | 29
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 38
Three main desired countries of destination: United Kingdom (26%), France (23%), Canada (14%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269786

Mozambique

Total population 2013 (millions) | 25.8 |  |  | Mozambique compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 178/187 | 37/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 605 |  |  | GDP per capita | 174/209 | 35/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 171/203 | 31/48
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 82.49 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 38/144 | 8/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 45%; “15-64”: 51%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Mozambique living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 321.3 | 179.6 | 500.9 | 42.5 | 48.2 | 90.8 | .. | .. | .. | 85.7
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  2.1 |  2.1 |  4.2 | .. | .. | .. |  1.3
15-24 (%) |  17.1 |  17.2 |  17.1 |  3.0 |  2.3 |  2.7 | .. | .. | .. |  6.8
25-64 (%) |  77.7 |  72.7 |  75.9 | 88.0 | 85.5 | 86.7 | .. | .. | .. | 85.8
65+ (%) |   5.2 |  10.1 |   6.9 |  9.0 | 12.1 | 10.7 | .. | .. | .. |  7.4
Low educated (%) |  70.2 |  69.4 |  69.9 | 38.2 | 38.2 | 38.2 | .. | .. | .. | 44.4
Highly educated (%) |   4.5 |   9.7 |   6.4 | 31.1 | 33.9 | 32.6 | .. | .. | .. | 26.5
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.8 |   2.6 |   3.7 |  0.7 |  0.7 |  0.7 | .. | .. | .. |  0.8
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  14.1 |  23.8 |  18.1 | 13.0 | 22.7 | 17.0 | .. | .. | .. | 39.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
South Africa | 356.1 | 71.1 |   .. | 29.8 |  0.4 | 21.8 | 254.1
Portugal |  72.3 | 14.4 |  1.6 | 53.6 | 32.0 |  1.4 |  75.4
Malawi |  50.2 | 10.0 |   .. | 46.1 |  0.1 | 10.9 |  24.9
United Kingdom |   5.7 |  1.1 | 24.1 | 54.0 | 38.0 |  6.5 |   3.2
United States |   4.2 |  0.8 |   .. | 49.9 | 43.9 | 10.9 |   2.0
Switzerland |   1.7 |  0.3 | 17.8 | 50.4 | 16.5 |  5.6 |   0.8
Brazil |   1.7 |  0.3 |   .. | 56.4 | 37.7 |  1.1 |   1.1
Spain |   1.5 |  0.3 | 29.4 | 44.9 | 17.8 |  4.6 |   0.8
Zambia |   1.2 |  0.3 |   .. | 50.4 |  0.8 |  8.1 |    ..
France |   1.2 |  0.2 | 19.1 | 53.7 | 26.9 |  4.9 |   0.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Mozambique living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 83.9 | 72.3 | 77.9 | 77.5 | 69.3 | 73.2
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.4 |  8.2 |  6.8 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 10.9
Participation rate (%) | 88.8 | 78.8 | 83.6 | 86.4 | 78.3 | 82.2
Total employed (thousands) | 32.0 | 29.9 | 61.8 | 28.4 | 28.1 | 56.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 91.2 | 88.7 | 89.8 | 88.3 | 83.7 | 85.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.0 |  4.0 |  3.6 |  5.3 |  5.5 |  5.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 12.9 |   .. |   .. | 16.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  8.7 | 10.6 | 19.3 | 10.0 | 12.4 | 22.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 46.0 | 51.3 | 51.7 | 50.3
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 17.8
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 45.1 | 43.8 | 38.7 | 41.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.8 |  4.9 |  9.7 |  7.8

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Portugal | 23.2 |  +17.5 | Portugal | 29.4 |  -14.4
United Kingdom |  2.2 | +233.4 | United Kingdom |  2.0 |  +43.4
United States |  1.8 | +120.8 | Spain |  0.8 | +119.7
Canada |  0.5 |  +15.9 | United States |  0.5 |  +92.6
France |  0.3 |  +33.3 | Switzerland |  0.5 |  +43.9
Total | 29.5 |  +30.5 | Total | 34.5 |   -8.8

International students from Mozambique in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
Portugal | 297 | 492 | 318
United States |  78 |  87 |  65
Australia |  54 |  47 |  58
United Kingdom |  56 |  61 |  57
Italy |  49 |  41 |  50
Total | 662 | 916 | 755

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): PRT (256, 0%), JPN (145, 0%), USA (94, 0%), DEU (68, 0%), ITA (30, 0%), ESP (26, 0%), AUS (18, 0%), NLD (16, 0%), CHE (15, 0%), NOR (14, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 25 | 28 | 38 | 13 | 23
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  3
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 53
Three main desired countries of destination: South Africa (26%), Brazil (17%), United States (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269776

Namibia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 2.3 |  |  | Namibia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 127/187 | 7/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 5 693 |  |  | GDP per capita | 95/209 | 8/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 175/203 | 33/48
Poverty rate 2009 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 43.15 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 61/144 | 16/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 36%; “15-64”: 60%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Namibia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 24.7 | 24.2 | 48.9 |  4.1 |  4.6 |  8.7 | .. | .. | .. |  3.1
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.8 |  1.3 |  2.1 | .. | .. | .. |  0.8
15-24 (%) | 11.6 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 17.5 | 13.6 | 15.4 | .. | .. | .. | 23.7
25-64 (%) | 79.1 | 75.0 | 77.0 | 79.2 | 80.6 | 79.9 | .. | .. | .. | 70.9
65+ (%) |  9.4 | 12.6 | 11.0 |  3.3 |  5.8 |  4.6 | .. | .. | .. |  5.4
Low educated (%) | 18.6 | 14.2 | 16.4 | 21.3 | 18.3 | 19.7 | .. | .. | .. | 16.0
Highly educated (%) | 21.8 | 22.5 | 22.1 | 46.7 | 49.4 | 48.1 | .. | .. | .. | 47.7
Total emigration rates (%) |  3.6 |  3.3 |  3.5 |  0.6 |  0.7 |  0.6 | .. | .. | .. |  0.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 32.1 | 21.5 | 25.7 | 14.3 | 10.3 | 11.8 | .. | .. | .. |  5.5

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
South Africa | 38.8 | 79.2 |   .. | 49.1 | 16.5 | 10.8 | 40.9
United Kingdom |  2.3 |  4.7 | 29.4 | 54.0 | 52.0 | 11.8 |  1.1
United States |  1.7 |  3.4 |   .. | 60.5 | 43.8 | 27.6 |  0.8
Netherlands |  1.5 |  3.0 | 21.5 | 37.0 | 39.1 |   .. |   ..
Botswana |  0.9 |  1.9 |   .. | 34.3 | 11.6 | 12.8 |   ..
Australia |  0.9 |  1.9 | 29.1 | 51.0 | 58.2 | 13.3 |  0.2
Switzerland |  0.8 |  1.6 | 50.7 | 49.0 | 65.0 | 27.8 |  0.1
Canada |  0.7 |  1.4 | 50.5 | 64.9 | 50.0 | 21.6 |  0.2
Zambia |  0.3 |  0.6 |   .. | 50.0 |  3.6 | 35.7 |   ..
Portugal |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  0.1

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Namibia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 76.9 | 61.2 | 68.4 | 76.9 | 62.9 | 69.8
Unemployment rate (%) |  4.9 |  7.0 |  5.9 |  7.1 |  8.6 |  7.8
Participation rate (%) | 80.9 | 65.8 | 72.8 | 82.8 | 68.8 | 75.7
Total employed (thousands) |  1.1 |  1.0 |  2.1 |  2.3 |  2.0 |  4.2
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 86.8 | 68.9 | 77.9 | 88.5 | 73.2 | 80.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  2.6 |  7.5 |  4.8 |  2.9 |  6.2 |  4.5
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 21.2 |   .. |   .. | 26.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  0.6 |  0.5 |  1.1 |  1.2 |  1.1 |  2.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 55.5 | 59.8 | 52.0 | 52.8
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  2.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 39.3 | 35.0 | 40.8 | 41.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  5.2 |  5.1 |  7.1 |  5.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 1.2 |   +146.3 | Netherlands | 0.4 |     ..
United States | 0.7 |   +107.9 | United Kingdom | 0.4 | +160.0
Netherlands | 0.6 |       .. | United States | 0.3 | +127.8
Australia | 0.5 |   +210.5 | Switzerland | 0.2 | +791.7
Switzerland | 0.5 | +1 062.8 | Austria | 0.1 |     ..
Total | 4.1 |   +190.5 | Total | 1.7 | +255.0

International students from Namibia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |  91 |  66 |  91
Germany |  26 |  25 |  63
United States |  66 |  75 |  61
Australia |  22 |  27 |  35
Czech Republic |  16 |  18 |  19
Total | 278 | 268 | 340

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): DEU (115, 0%), JPN (80, 0%), USA (59, 0%), CAN (50, 0%), AUS (22, 0%), NLD (20, 0%), AUT (13, 0%), SWE (12, 0%), NOR (10, 0%), ESP (9, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 28 | .. | .. | 22
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | ..
Three main desired countries of destination: South Africa (20%), Morocco (17%), United Kingdom (15%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269803

Niger

Total population 2013 (millions) | 17.8 |  |  | Niger compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 187/187 | 46/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 415 |  |  | GDP per capita | 183/209 | 44/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 200/203 | 46/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 76.14 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 118/144 | 31/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 50%; “15-64”: 47%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Niger living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 22.4 | 14.8 | 37.2 |  6.2 |  4.9 | 11.1 | .. | .. | .. |  4.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.4 |  1.0 |  2.4 | .. | .. | .. |  1.3
15-24 (%) | 23.5 | 29.7 | 25.9 | 13.4 | 17.0 | 15.0 | .. | .. | .. | 17.1
25-64 (%) | 73.7 | 66.8 | 70.9 | 85.0 | 79.9 | 82.7 | .. | .. | .. | 81.1
65+ (%) |  2.9 |  3.5 |  3.1 |  1.7 |  3.1 |  2.3 | .. | .. | .. |  1.8
Low educated (%) | 68.9 | 70.3 | 69.4 | 29.0 | 31.5 | 30.1 | .. | .. | .. | 27.0
Highly educated (%) | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 39.6 | 41.4 | 40.4 | .. | .. | .. | 38.1
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.6 |  0.4 |  0.5 |  0.2 |  0.1 |  0.1 | .. | .. | .. |  0.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  5.4 |  8.8 |  6.5 |  3.8 |  7.3 |  4.9 | .. | .. | .. |  3.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Burkina Faso | 11.0 | 29.4 |   .. | 44.7 |   5.2 | 27.4 | 9.4
Cameroon |  7.3 | 19.6 |   .. | 28.5 |   1.1 | 29.2 |  ..
Mali |  6.5 | 17.3 |   .. | 40.5 |   6.4 | 39.1 | 3.5
France |  4.9 | 13.2 | 20.6 | 51.6 |  46.2 | 16.1 | 3.2
United States |  1.8 |  4.9 |   .. | 30.3 |  40.9 | 18.8 | 0.9
Belgium |  1.4 |  3.8 | 47.9 | 33.3 |  16.3 | 13.5 | 0.2
Italy |  1.2 |  3.3 | 26.8 | 50.0 |  16.0 | 11.4 | 0.1
South Africa |  1.0 |  2.7 |   .. | 27.3 |  31.3 | 11.8 | 0.0
Canada |  0.4 |  1.1 | 65.1 | 48.2 | 100.0 | 15.3 | 0.2
Spain |  0.3 |  0.9 | 43.5 | 27.0 |   7.9 | 20.6 |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Niger living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 64.5 | 45.8 | 56.4 | 60.8 | 51.2 | 56.4
Unemployment rate (%) | 14.7 | 24.6 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 23.4 | 19.9
Participation rate (%) | 75.7 | 60.8 | 69.2 | 73.4 | 66.8 | 70.4
Total employed (thousands) |  1.8 |  1.0 |  2.7 |  3.0 |  2.1 |  5.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 71.4 | 57.9 | 65.9 | 75.4 | 65.7 | 70.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 11.0 | 19.2 | 14.1 |  7.8 | 14.3 | 10.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 27.1 |   .. |   .. | 39.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  0.8 |  0.4 |  1.2 |  1.4 |  1.1 |  2.4
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 41.4 | 21.1 | 27.2 | 33.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  9.7
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.6
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 52.5 | 62.0 | 47.7 | 46.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  6.0 | 17.0 | 25.1 | 19.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 2.3 |    +87.2 | France | 1.2 |    +34.0
United States | 0.7 |    +93.8 | Italy | 0.7 | +1 040.3
Canada | 0.4 |   +372.2 | Belgium | 0.4 |   +986.8
Belgium | 0.2 |   +261.9 | United States | 0.4 |    +79.3
Italy | 0.2 | +2 362.5 | Spain | 0.2 |       ..
Total | 4.2 |   +131.6 | Total | 3.1 |   +143.0

International students from Niger in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |   777 |   740 |   690
United States |   289 |   226 |   270
Canada |    94 |   102 |    84
Turkey |     4 |    11 |    38
Belgium |     3 |    11 |    15
Total | 1 270 | 1 186 | 1 167

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ITA (387, 0%), FRA (183, 0%), DEU (126, 0%), BEL (97, 0%), CAN (60, 0%), USA (48, 0%), JPN (46, 0%), ESP (24, 0%), CHE (6, 0%), AUT (6, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 9 | 23 | 17 | 14 | 16
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 35
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 29
Three main desired countries of destination: Nigeria (25%), Ivory Coast (12%), Ghana (9%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269814

Nigeria

Total population 2013 (millions) | 173.6 |  |  | Nigeria compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.8 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 152/187 | 18/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 3 006 |  |  | GDP per capita | 128/209 | 12/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.4 |  |  | Emigration rate | 177/203 | 35/48
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 82.20 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | .. | ..
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 44%; “15-64”: 53%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Nigeria living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 369.5 | 291.4 | 660.9 | 298.2 | 251.7 | 549.9 | .. | .. | .. | 261.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  79.2 |  67.1 | 146.3 | .. | .. | .. |  59.7
15-24 (%) |  14.0 |  16.2 |  15.0 |  12.4 |  14.1 |  13.2 | .. | .. | .. |  13.8
25-64 (%) |  83.1 |  79.5 |  81.5 |  84.7 |  81.5 |  83.2 | .. | .. | .. |  84.1
65+ (%) |   3.0 |   4.3 |   3.6 |   2.9 |   4.4 |   3.6 | .. | .. | .. |   2.2
Low educated (%) |  24.4 |  27.5 |  25.8 |  16.7 |  20.1 |  18.2 | .. | .. | .. |  16.0
Highly educated (%) |  48.6 |  45.4 |  47.2 |  57.1 |  50.9 |  54.3 | .. | .. | .. |  54.8
Total emigration rates (%) |   0.8 |   0.7 |   0.7 |   0.6 |   0.6 |   0.6 | .. | .. | .. |   0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. | .. | .. | .. |    ..

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 199.0 | 30.1 | 15.9 | 44.7 | 64.3 | 13.3 | 126.6
United Kingdom | 186.2 | 28.2 | 38.4 | 48.2 | 62.0 | 14.7 |  79.9
Cameroon |  63.2 |  9.6 |   .. | 41.1 |  1.5 | 29.8 |  65.4
Italy |  36.4 |  5.5 | 25.2 | 58.1 | 13.3 | 10.4 |  14.8
Canada |  26.5 |  4.0 | 41.9 | 46.2 | 69.5 | 18.3 |   9.2
South Africa |  24.9 |  3.8 |   .. | 22.2 | 26.6 | 10.2 |   6.6
Germany |  23.4 |  3.5 | 16.9 | 28.0 | 16.2 |  7.0 |    ..
Spain |  21.7 |  3.3 | 32.8 | 41.8 | 12.9 |  7.6 |   7.7
Ireland |  16.5 |  2.5 | 25.7 | 54.4 | 45.6 | 16.4 |   7.4
Netherlands |   5.0 |  0.8 |  9.2 | 42.8 | 35.4 |  5.1 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Nigeria living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  74.2 | 60.3 |  67.9 |  69.3 |  60.8 |  65.4
Unemployment rate (%) |  10.2 | 13.0 |  11.3 |  16.2 |  16.8 |  16.5
Participation rate (%) |  82.6 | 69.3 |  76.6 |  82.7 |  73.1 |  78.3
Total employed (thousands) | 104.4 | 69.4 | 173.7 | 198.9 | 145.2 | 344.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  81.9 | 71.7 |  77.9 |  79.1 |  71.9 |  76.0
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   7.2 |  8.9 |   7.8 |  11.0 |  11.9 |  11.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |   .. |  36.4 |    .. |    .. |  39.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  68.8 | 38.2 | 107.0 | 128.3 |  88.2 | 216.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  46.8 |  44.1 |  46.5 |  44.7
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |  18.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |   .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.9
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |  45.2 |  41.8 |  42.5 |  42.0
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |   .. |   8.0 |  14.1 |  11.0 |  13.3

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 127.9 |  +61.9 | United Kingdom | 25.0 | +135.1
United Kingdom | 115.5 | +174.3 | Italy | 19.5 | +153.3
Canada |  18.4 | +214.6 | United States | 13.3 |  +24.7
Ireland |   7.5 | +133.4 | Spain | 13.1 | +144.9
Italy |   4.8 | +127.6 | Germany | 12.8 |     ..
Total | 294.6 | +112.2 | Total | 99.0 | +144.3

International students from Nigeria in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 11 783 | 16 486 | 17 542
United States |  6 229 |  6 510 |  6 807
Canada |    985 |  1 302 |  2 031
Finland |    372 |    731 |    939
Hungary |    201 |    339 |    483
Total | 21 987 | 28 484 | 31 247

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (13 575, 1%), GBR (9 000, 2%), ITA (6 739, 2%), CAN (3 095, 1%), ESP (2 842, 0%), DEU (2 748, 0%), FRA (834, 0%), AUT (782, 0%), POL (505, 1%), JPN (466, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 42 | 55 | 41 | 37 | 44
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 37
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (39%), United Kingdom (19%), Saudi Arabia (10%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269826

Rwanda

Total population 2013 (millions) | 11.8 |  |  | Rwanda compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.7 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 151/187 | 16/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 639 |  |  | GDP per capita | 172/209 | 33/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 179/203 | 36/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 82.28 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 70/144 | 19/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 43%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Rwanda living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 20.8 | 23.0 | 43.8 | 16.2 | 19.1 | 35.3 | .. | .. | .. | 14.9
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.1 |  3.8 |  6.9 | .. | .. | .. |  5.4
15-24 (%) | 24.6 | 23.6 | 24.1 | 24.9 | 22.5 | 23.6 | .. | .. | .. | 25.2
25-64 (%) | 73.4 | 73.8 | 73.6 | 73.5 | 74.7 | 74.1 | .. | .. | .. | 72.8
65+ (%) |  1.9 |  2.6 |  2.3 |  1.7 |  2.8 |  2.3 | .. | .. | .. |  2.0
Low educated (%) | 31.1 | 28.8 | 29.9 | 25.6 | 22.3 | 23.8 | .. | .. | .. | 27.1
Highly educated (%) | 37.1 | 33.3 | 35.1 | 44.6 | 39.1 | 41.6 | .. | .. | .. | 38.0
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.7 |  0.7 |  0.7 |  0.6 |  0.6 |  0.6 | .. | .. | .. |  0.3
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  9.2 | 12.4 | 10.6 |  8.6 | 11.9 | 10.0 | .. | .. | .. | 16.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Belgium | 12.6 | 28.7 | 19.8 | 55.0 | 27.0 | 23.4 | 5.5
France |  5.2 | 11.8 | 25.6 | 55.1 | 39.4 | 31.6 | 1.7
Canada |  4.4 | 10.1 | 36.6 | 55.3 | 54.2 | 25.4 | 2.1
United Kingdom |  4.1 |  9.4 | 15.7 | 55.8 | 41.5 | 23.1 | 1.9
United States |  3.5 |  7.9 |   .. | 52.9 | 46.7 | 21.2 | 1.7
Kenya |  2.3 |  5.2 |   .. | 42.7 | 12.3 | 33.9 |  ..
Malawi |  1.6 |  3.6 |   .. | 47.8 |  2.5 | 29.6 |  ..
South Africa |  1.6 |  3.6 |   .. | 45.4 | 14.4 | 17.7 | 0.8
Zambia |  1.5 |  3.5 |   .. | 45.1 |  1.3 | 24.2 |  ..
Netherlands |  1.2 |  2.6 |   .. | 42.6 | 42.1 |  3.2 |  ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Rwanda living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 49.9 | 38.8 | 44.0 | 53.2 | 48.6 | 50.7
Unemployment rate (%) | 24.1 | 28.8 | 26.4 | 18.7 | 19.2 | 18.9
Participation rate (%) | 65.7 | 54.5 | 59.8 | 65.3 | 60.2 | 62.6
Total employed (thousands) |  3.3 |  2.9 |  6.2 |  7.7 |  8.2 | 15.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 63.8 | 60.0 | 62.1 | 66.4 | 68.7 | 67.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 22.2 | 20.6 | 21.5 | 16.4 | 15.0 | 15.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 31.9 |   .. |   .. | 44.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  1.8 |  1.4 |  3.2 |  3.8 |  3.9 |  7.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 43.6 | 40.2 | 40.5 | 37.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.8
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 46.8 | 49.2 | 53.1 | 53.0
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  9.7 | 10.6 |  6.3 |  9.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
Belgium |  3.4 |  +80.4 | Belgium | 2.9 | +107.8
Canada |  2.4 | +148.7 | France | 1.2 |  +98.4
France |  2.0 | +268.6 | United Kingdom | 1.0 |  +59.3
United Kingdom |  1.7 | +276.9 | Canada | 0.6 |  +55.0
United States |  1.6 | +100.6 | Netherlands | 0.4 |     ..
Total | 13.4 | +153.5 | Total | 7.6 | +103.4

International students from Rwanda in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |   561 |   599 |   716
United States |   270 |   447 |   450
Canada |   132 |    93 |   126
United Kingdom |    91 |    90 |    84
Germany |    66 |    61 |    75
Total | 1 397 | 1 640 | 1 888

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (592, 0%), CAN (440, 0%), FRA (310, 0%), BEL (201, 0%), DEU (120, 0%), JPN (105, 0%), NLD (67, 0%), SWE (56, 0%), AUS (48, 0%), ITA (44, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 9 | 18 | .. | 13 | 12
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 12
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (21%), Uganda (14%), Canada (13%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269839

Senegal

Total population 2013 (millions) | 14.1 |  |  | Senegal compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 163/187 | 25/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 047 |  |  | GDP per capita | 156/209 | 23/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.8 |  |  | Emigration rate | 118/203 | 11/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 60.31 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 47/144 | 11/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 44%; “15-64”: 54%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Senegal living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 172.0 | 91.4 | 263.4 | 158.7 | 83.0 | 241.7 | .. | .. | .. | 133.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |   .. |    .. |  38.1 | 20.1 |  58.2 | .. | .. | .. |  25.5
15-24 (%) |  10.9 | 14.8 |  12.2 |  10.4 | 14.2 |  11.7 | .. | .. | .. |  11.4
25-64 (%) |  85.2 | 81.1 |  83.8 |  85.6 | 82.1 |  84.4 | .. | .. | .. |  85.6
65+ (%) |   4.0 |  4.1 |   4.0 |   4.0 |  3.7 |   3.9 | .. | .. | .. |   3.0
Low educated (%) |  58.9 | 52.1 |  56.6 |  57.8 | 48.9 |  54.8 | .. | .. | .. |  57.0
Highly educated (%) |  18.6 | 22.7 |  20.0 |  19.4 | 24.1 |  21.0 | .. | .. | .. |  19.2
Total emigration rates (%) |   4.6 |  2.4 |   3.5 |   4.3 |  2.2 |   3.2 | .. | .. | .. |   2.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  14.5 | 16.1 |  15.1 |  14.1 | 15.7 |  14.7 | .. | .. | .. |  16.8

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 106.2 | 40.3 | 15.0 | 46.2 | 29.0 | 11.6 | 78.0
Italy |  58.9 | 22.4 | 26.1 | 21.9 |  5.5 | 11.1 | 28.5
Spain |  43.1 | 16.4 | 49.3 | 19.2 |  6.3 | 11.0 | 10.9
United States |  16.6 |  6.3 | 16.2 | 35.5 | 42.0 | 13.7 | 10.0
Mali |  12.8 |  4.8 |   .. | 50.3 |  7.9 | 19.7 |  9.4
Canada |   4.7 |  1.8 | 52.5 | 45.4 | 77.6 | 14.7 |  1.7
Belgium |   3.5 |  1.3 | 46.8 | 42.7 | 16.0 | 16.8 |  1.3
Cameroon |   2.9 |  1.1 |   .. | 14.5 |  5.2 | 14.9 |   ..
Burkina Faso |   2.6 |  1.0 |   .. | 39.5 | 12.4 | 11.6 |  2.6
Switzerland |   2.2 |  0.8 | 49.9 | 38.5 | 45.9 |  7.2 |  0.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Senegal living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 71.1 | 45.9 | 62.6 | 62.4 | 47.4 |  57.2
Unemployment rate (%) | 15.8 | 26.0 | 18.5 | 22.8 | 29.2 |  24.8
Participation rate (%) | 84.3 | 62.0 | 76.8 | 80.8 | 66.9 |  76.1
Total employed (thousands) | 60.8 | 20.0 | 80.7 | 95.0 | 38.0 | 133.0
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 73.8 | 62.4 | 69.4 | 74.7 | 64.0 |  70.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 11.6 | 13.7 | 12.4 | 13.0 | 17.5 |  14.7
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 32.0 |   .. |   .. |  40.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 11.4 |  5.9 | 17.3 | 22.1 | 12.4 |  34.5
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 24.5 |  9.2 | 18.7 |  22.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  10.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   9.9
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 51.6 | 50.6 | 50.5 |  47.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 23.9 | 40.2 | 30.8 |  29.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France | 30.8 |  +72.5 | France |  46.4 |  +20.4
United States |  7.0 |  +92.2 | Italy |  44.4 |  +85.3
Canada |  3.6 | +248.6 | Spain |  33.0 | +267.9
Italy |  3.3 | +201.9 | United States |   3.1 |  +30.4
Spain |  2.7 | +257.2 | Belgium |   1.1 | +192.4
Total | 50.4 |  +98.4 | Total | 131.4 |  +74.2

International students from Senegal in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France |  9 298 |  9 278 |  8 841
United States |    659 |    618 |    660
Canada |    419 |    612 |    636
Italy |     90 |    116 |    134
Germany |    188 |    165 |    129
Total | 10 997 | 11 215 | 10 902

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): ITA (5 493, 1%), FRA (4 673, 2%), ESP (4 055, 1%), USA (1 615, 0%), CAN (760, 0%), DEU (410, 0%), BEL (243, 0%), JPN (169, 0%), CHE (102, 0%), SWE (72, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 29 | 51 | 36 | 34 | 37
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 25
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (20%), France (19%), Spain (19%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269840

Sierra Leone

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.1 |  |  | Sierra Leone compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.9 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 183/187 | 42/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 679 |  |  | GDP per capita | 169/209 | 31/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 137/203 | 16/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 82.51 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 12/144 | 3/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 42%; “15-64”: 56%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Sierra Leone living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 43.6 | 40.0 | 83.6 | 36.3 | 35.6 | 71.9 | .. | .. | .. | 40.2
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.3 |  5.2 | 10.4 | .. | .. | .. |  8.3
15-24 (%) | 15.4 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 15.0 | .. | .. | .. | 16.8
25-64 (%) | 80.5 | 76.4 | 78.5 | 80.9 | 77.1 | 79.0 | .. | .. | .. | 78.1
65+ (%) |  4.1 |  7.5 |  5.7 |  4.3 |  7.8 |  6.0 | .. | .. | .. |  5.1
Low educated (%) | 32.8 | 32.5 | 32.7 | 24.1 | 25.2 | 24.7 | .. | .. | .. | 24.9
Highly educated (%) | 32.2 | 31.1 | 31.7 | 37.7 | 34.6 | 36.2 | .. | .. | .. | 35.6
Total emigration rates (%) |  2.6 |  2.3 |  2.5 |  2.2 |  2.1 |  2.1 | .. | .. | .. |  1.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 26.6 | 45.1 | 33.0 | 26.0 | 44.9 | 32.5 | .. | .. | .. | 36.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United States | 34.0 | 40.7 | 11.6 | 51.2 | 37.7 | 14.7 | 19.2
United Kingdom | 22.7 | 27.1 | 16.0 | 54.5 | 44.3 | 12.5 | 15.6
Liberia | 10.0 | 11.9 |   .. | 35.2 |  3.3 | 20.7 |   ..
Netherlands |  3.6 |  4.3 |  6.5 | 24.2 |  3.1 | 17.5 |   ..
Australia |  2.6 |  3.2 | 32.0 | 50.3 | 19.5 | 32.8 |  0.2
Canada |  2.1 |  2.5 | 17.7 | 46.8 | 50.1 | 18.7 |  0.9
Belgium |  1.5 |  1.8 | 39.2 | 33.0 |  6.0 | 16.2 |  0.4
Mali |  1.4 |  1.7 |   .. | 56.0 |  4.3 | 21.3 |  0.8
France |  1.2 |  1.4 | 18.1 | 46.1 | 18.3 | 16.0 |  0.6
Italy |  1.1 |  1.3 | 17.2 | 40.0 | 13.6 | 12.7 |  0.5

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Sierra Leone living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 69.6 | 64.3 | 67.0 | 68.9 | 66.8 | 67.9
Unemployment rate (%) | 11.6 |  9.6 | 10.7 | 14.3 | 11.5 | 13.0
Participation rate (%) | 78.7 | 71.1 | 75.0 | 80.4 | 75.5 | 78.0
Total employed (thousands) | 13.3 | 11.9 | 25.2 | 23.9 | 21.9 | 45.8
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 80.9 | 78.1 | 79.7 | 81.8 | 82.6 | 82.2
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  7.7 |  4.8 |  6.5 | 10.1 |  6.4 |  8.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 38.5 |   .. |   .. | 39.4
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  6.0 |  4.5 | 10.5 | 10.4 |  9.4 | 19.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 35.7 | 33.1 | 39.4 | 35.4
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 21.9
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.5
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 55.9 | 54.1 | 55.7 | 54.9
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  8.4 | 12.8 |  4.8 |  9.7

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United States | 12.8 |  +83.4 | United Kingdom |  5.7 |  +56.6
United Kingdom | 10.1 |  +82.8 | United States |  5.4 |  +55.8
Canada |  1.0 | +221.5 | Netherlands |  2.3 |     ..
Australia |  0.5 | +834.5 | Spain |  0.7 |  -16.3
France |  0.2 |  +20.7 | France |  0.7 | +135.5
Total | 25.5 |  +88.5 | Total | 17.4 |  +83.9

International students from Sierra Leone in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom | 243 | 201 | 148
United States | 230 | 171 | 126
Germany |  31 |  31 |  26
Greece |  18 |  26 |  25
France |  16 |  20 |  24
Total | 637 | 544 | 472

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (1 688, 0%), GBR (1 000, 0%), DEU (198, 0%), AUS (147, 0%), ITA (114, 0%), FRA (81, 0%), JPN (53, 0%), NLD (51, 0%), CAN (50, 0%), SWE (47, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 55 | 65 | 57 | 48 | 56
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 13
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 45
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (56%), United Kingdom (18%), Canada (5%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269856

South Africa

Total population 2013 (millions) | 53.2 |  |  | South Africa compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 1.5 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 118/187 | 5/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 6 886 |  |  | GDP per capita | 84/209 | 6/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.2 |  |  | Emigration rate | 147/203 | 18/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 26.19 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 58/144 | 15/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 29%; “15-64”: 65%; “65+”: 6% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in South Africa living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 291.2 | 309.7 | 600.8 | 275.9 | 293.4 | 569.3 | .. | .. | .. | 361.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. |  55.0 |  56.6 | 111.7 | .. | .. | .. |  94.0
15-24 (%) |  15.2 |  14.4 |  14.8 |  14.8 |  13.9 |  14.3 | .. | .. | .. |  19.0
25-64 (%) |  76.3 |  74.8 |  75.5 |  76.7 |  75.3 |  76.0 | .. | .. | .. |  72.6
65+ (%) |   8.5 |  10.8 |   9.7 |   8.5 |  10.8 |   9.7 | .. | .. | .. |   8.4
Low educated (%) |  13.4 |  14.9 |  14.2 |  11.7 |  12.6 |  12.1 | .. | .. | .. |  15.3
Highly educated (%) |  52.0 |  51.3 |  51.7 |  53.3 |  52.8 |  53.0 | .. | .. | .. |  47.8
Total emigration rates (%) |   1.6 |   1.6 |   1.6 |   1.6 |   1.6 |   1.6 | .. | .. | .. |   1.2
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  13.5 |  11.5 |  12.4 |  13.2 |  11.3 |  12.2 | .. | .. | .. |   6.9

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 190.2 | 31.6 | 24.8 | 51.5 | 54.0 | 13.3 | 124.7
Australia | 128.9 | 21.5 | 23.7 | 51.0 | 50.4 | 15.6 |  68.9
United States |  83.4 | 13.9 | 11.7 | 49.9 | 57.6 | 13.2 |  60.1
New Zealand |  48.1 |  8.0 | 22.3 | 51.6 | 41.2 | 19.8 |  19.9
Canada |  40.4 |  6.7 | 11.4 | 50.4 | 68.0 | 11.9 |  33.6
Netherlands |  14.8 |  2.5 | 12.3 | 50.3 | 46.0 | 12.7 |   5.4
Portugal |  11.0 |  1.8 |  5.8 | 53.6 | 30.7 | 18.3 |   9.1
Mozambique |   9.4 |  1.6 |   .. | 60.1 |  6.6 | 52.4 |    ..
Israel |   8.0 |  1.3 | 10.3 | 68.4 | 58.7 | 11.0 |   9.1
Ireland |   7.1 |  1.2 | 26.8 | 51.5 | 45.8 | 18.6 |   5.0

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in South Africa living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) |  81.2 |  66.0 |  73.5 |  82.3 |  70.9 |  76.5
Unemployment rate (%) |   5.0 |   6.2 |   5.5 |   5.4 |   6.6 |   6.0
Participation rate (%) |  85.5 |  70.3 |  77.8 |  87.1 |  75.9 |  81.4
Total employed (thousands) | 130.2 | 108.8 | 239.1 | 206.5 | 184.1 | 390.5
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) |  89.8 |  75.4 |  82.7 |  90.3 |  79.1 |  84.6
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |   3.0 |   4.5 |   3.7 |   3.5 |   4.7 |   4.1
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |    .. |    .. |  19.1 |    .. |    .. |  21.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  70.2 |  56.7 | 126.9 | 122.2 | 111.5 | 233.7
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  59.7 |  65.2 |  58.0 |  61.8
Of which: Health professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   7.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |    .. |   6.4
Medium-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |  36.0 |  30.3 |  38.5 |  34.2
Low-skilled occupations |    .. |    .. |   4.3 |   4.5 |   3.5 |   4.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 102.8 |  +97.2 | United Kingdom | 27.8 |    +47.7
Australia |  64.9 | +124.3 | Australia |  9.5 |    -20.2
United States |  48.0 |  +42.0 | New Zealand |  9.4 | +1 291.1
Canada |  27.5 |  +43.0 | United States |  5.7 |    +11.4
New Zealand |  19.8 | +108.3 | Portugal |  3.5 |     -18.6
Total | 296.6 |  +82.8 | Total | 67.8 |    +30.3

International students from South Africa in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 622 | 1 641 | 1 559
United Kingdom | 1 539 | 1 543 | 1 339
Australia |   763 |   839 |   787
Germany |   157 |   157 |   164
Canada |   127 |   150 |   150
Total | 4 812 | 5 210 | 4 935

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): AUS (8 035, 3%), GBR (3 000, 0%), USA (2 781, 0%), NZL (2 104, 5%), CAN (1 360, 0%), KOR (959, 0%), DEU (760, 0%), NLD (614, 0%), JPN (425, 0%), CHE (236, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 14 | 23 | 18 | 17 | 15
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 20
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (40%), United Kingdom (22%), Germany (5%).
Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269908

Tanzania

Total population 2013 (millions) | 49.3 |  |  | Tanzania compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.0 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 159/187 | 21/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 913 |  |  | GDP per capita | 162/209 | 26/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 7.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 193/203 | 42/48
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 73.00 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 52/144 | 14/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 45%; “15-64”: 52%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Tanzania living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 80.4 | 82.8 | 163.2 | 42.3 | 42.4 | 84.7 | .. | .. | .. | 70.3
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  4.5 |  4.7 |  9.2 | .. | .. | .. |  6.2
15-24 (%) | 13.2 | 15.8 |  14.5 |  6.8 |  7.3 |  7.0 | .. | .. | .. |  7.8
25-64 (%) | 76.4 | 72.8 |  74.6 | 77.8 | 76.7 | 77.2 | .. | .. | .. | 83.3
65+ (%) | 10.4 | 11.4 |  10.9 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 15.7 | .. | .. | .. |  8.9
Low educated (%) | 43.7 | 51.9 |  47.8 | 17.9 | 25.9 | 21.9 | .. | .. | .. | 26.1
Highly educated (%) | 32.2 | 25.3 |  28.7 | 54.7 | 44.0 | 49.3 | .. | .. | .. | 42.3
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.6 |  0.7 |   0.6 |  0.3 |  0.3 |  0.3 | .. | .. | .. |  0.4
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 15.0 | 14.8 |  14.9 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | .. | .. | .. | 17.6

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Kenya | 40.7 | 25.0 |   .. | 54.3 |  2.4 | 22.6 | 46.6
United Kingdom | 35.4 | 21.7 |  9.6 | 50.7 | 44.7 |  5.0 | 31.9
Canada | 19.1 | 11.7 |  4.7 | 49.6 | 57.2 |  3.9 | 19.5
United States | 18.6 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 48.6 | 54.3 | 11.6 | 11.7
Mozambique | 17.2 | 10.5 |   .. | 52.8 |  0.5 | 24.2 |   ..
Malawi |  7.6 |  4.7 |   .. | 58.2 |   .. | 22.7 |  1.9
South Africa |  6.1 |  3.7 |   .. | 27.3 | 11.6 | 16.5 |  3.7
Zambia |  4.8 |  2.9 |   .. | 47.7 |  2.1 | 21.7 |   ..
Australia |  2.3 |  1.4 | 17.3 | 46.8 | 57.9 | 10.8 |  1.5
Italy |  1.3 |  0.8 | 25.9 | 60.0 | 23.0 |  8.6 |  0.9

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Tanzania living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 78.3 | 62.7 | 70.7 | 76.8 | 63.4 | 70.1
Unemployment rate (%) |  5.6 |  6.4 |  6.0 |  7.7 |  8.6 |  8.1
Participation rate (%) | 83.0 | 67.0 | 75.1 | 83.2 | 69.4 | 76.3
Total employed (thousands) | 25.3 | 19.6 | 44.9 | 27.4 | 22.7 | 50.1
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 85.8 | 74.2 | 80.6 | 82.5 | 73.8 | 78.5
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  3.7 |  4.9 |  4.2 |  6.0 |  7.0 |  6.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 26.2 |   .. |   .. | 27.8
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 13.0 |  9.2 | 22.2 | 16.4 | 12.4 | 28.8
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 52.3 | 57.8 | 48.5 | 53.9
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  7.0
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.1
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 42.1 | 36.0 | 45.7 | 39.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  5.7 |  6.2 |  5.8 |  6.4

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 15.8 | +47.8 | United Kingdom | 10.7 |  +1.7
Canada | 10.9 | +20.1 | Canada |  2.5 |  -42.5
United States | 10.1 | +61.5 | United States |  2.5 | +98.3
Australia |  1.3 | +54.4 | Italy |  0.5 | +30.2
Netherlands |  0.6 |    .. | Australia |  0.2 | +15.3
Total | 41.4 | +44.7 | Total | 18.3 |  +4.0

International students from Tanzania in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   989 | 1 119 |   886
United States | 1 193 | 1 088 |   878
Canada |   218 |   213 |   213
Australia |   155 |   175 |   184
Turkey |    91 |    99 |   151
Total | 3 276 | 3 516 | 3 218

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (1 516, 0%), JPN (259, 0%), CAN (215, 0%), DEU (175, 0%), SWE (108, 0%), ITA (93, 0%), NLD (88, 0%), NOR (82, 0%), KOR (73, 0%), AUS (49, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 19 | 29 | 39 | 19 | 22
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  8
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 28
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (23%), United Kingdom (13%), South Africa (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269882

Togo

Total population 2013 (millions) | 6.8 |  |  | Togo compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 2.6 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 166/187 | 28/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 636 |  |  | GDP per capita | 173/209 | 34/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 5.1 |  |  | Emigration rate | 156/203 | 24/48
Poverty rate 2011 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 72.75 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 79/144 | 21/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 42%; “15-64”: 55%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Togo living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 29.9 | 28.3 | 58.1 | 23.7 | 18.3 | 42.0 | .. | .. | .. | 18.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.3 |  3.9 |  8.2 | .. | .. | .. |  4.3
15-24 (%) | 14.3 | 21.4 | 17.8 | 12.2 | 15.9 | 13.8 | .. | .. | .. | 14.6
25-64 (%) | 82.8 | 75.5 | 79.3 | 84.9 | 80.9 | 83.1 | .. | .. | .. | 83.6
65+ (%) |  2.8 |  3.1 |  3.0 |  2.9 |  3.3 |  3.1 | .. | .. | .. |  1.8
Low educated (%) | 35.1 | 58.0 | 46.4 | 25.8 | 38.2 | 31.3 | .. | .. | .. | 28.5
Highly educated (%) | 35.1 | 18.8 | 27.1 | 41.0 | 28.4 | 35.5 | .. | .. | .. | 36.6
Total emigration rates (%) |  1.6 |  1.5 |  1.6 |  1.3 |  1.0 |  1.1 | .. | .. | .. |  0.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  7.5 | 21.2 |  9.7 |  7.0 | 20.7 |  9.1 | .. | .. | .. | 10.4

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
France | 21.2 | 36.4 | 14.9 | 48.7 | 38.0 | 12.5 | 12.0
Burkina Faso | 12.6 | 21.7 |   .. | 67.1 |  4.8 | 29.1 | 11.8
United States |  5.2 |  8.9 |   .. | 36.8 | 38.7 | 14.6 |  2.6
Belgium |  4.4 |  7.6 | 38.9 | 37.4 | 11.8 | 13.8 |  0.9
Italy |  3.3 |  5.7 | 33.0 | 35.8 | 11.6 | 14.9 |  0.7
Mali |  2.4 |  4.1 |   .. | 43.0 | 10.5 | 27.4 |  0.6
Canada |  1.9 |  3.3 | 52.0 | 35.5 | 74.4 | 17.4 |  0.8
Switzerland |  1.8 |  3.1 | 39.3 | 50.3 | 34.4 | 17.2 |  0.4
United Kingdom |  1.5 |  2.6 | 30.6 | 42.4 | 42.1 | 16.4 |  0.5
Netherlands |  0.9 |  1.5 |  4.7 | 37.7 | 10.1 | 17.8 |   ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Togo living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 64.3 | 48.0 | 57.5 | 66.1 | 54.9 | 61.1
Unemployment rate (%) | 18.3 | 26.4 | 21.3 | 15.6 | 22.5 | 18.5
Participation rate (%) | 78.7 | 65.2 | 73.0 | 78.3 | 70.8 | 74.9
Total employed (thousands) |  6.7 |  3.6 | 10.3 | 13.1 |  8.7 | 21.7
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 72.3 | 57.0 | 68.0 | 76.9 | 68.8 | 73.9
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) | 14.6 | 20.9 | 16.2 | 12.5 | 16.4 | 13.9
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 37.3 |   .. |   .. | 40.1
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  3.4 |  1.0 |  4.4 |  5.6 |  3.0 |  8.6
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 40.4 | 21.7 | 23.9 | 32.4
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. | 12.3
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  6.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 48.4 | 60.1 | 58.2 | 50.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 11.2 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 17.0

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
France |  8.1 |  +83.9 | France |  6.4 |  +77.9
United States |  2.0 |  +92.2 | Italy |  1.6 | +338.0
Canada |  1.4 | +202.1 | Belgium |  1.3 | +395.1
United Kingdom |  0.6 | +219.6 | United States |  1.1 |  +91.9
Switzerland |  0.6 | +618.4 | Netherlands |  0.6 |     ..
Total | 14.1 | +113.4 | Total | 12.4 | +141.2

International students from Togo in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
France | 1 584 | 1 326 | 1 368
Italy |   130 |   207 |   359
Germany |   335 |   301 |   283
United States |   439 |   307 |   242
Canada |    93 |   105 |   123
Total | 2 701 | 2 390 | 2 504

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (1 756, 0%), FRA (769, 0%), ITA (514, 0%), DEU (448, 0%), CAN (225, 0%), BEL (155, 0%), CHE (68, 0%), JPN (66, 0%), ESP (39, 0%), NLD (24, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 38 | 54 | .. | 36 | 41
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 10
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (21%), Ghana (14%), France (11%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269878

Uganda

Total population 2013 (millions) | 37.6 |  |  | Uganda compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.3 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 164/187 | 26/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 657 |  |  | GDP per capita | 171/209 | 32/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.3 |  |  | Emigration rate | 181/203 | 37/48
Poverty rate 2012 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 62.85 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 85/144 | 22/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 48%; “15-64”: 49%; “65+”: 2% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Uganda living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 72.3 | 78.6 | 150.9 | 48.2 | 52.1 | 100.3 | .. | .. | .. | 82.4
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  4.9 |  5.3 |  10.2 | .. | .. | .. |  4.7
15-24 (%) | 12.8 | 14.4 |  13.6 |  6.8 |  8.2 |   7.6 | .. | .. | .. |  7.2
25-64 (%) | 78.7 | 77.2 |  77.9 | 81.6 | 81.6 |  81.6 | .. | .. | .. | 88.0
65+ (%) |  8.5 |  8.5 |   8.5 | 11.6 | 10.2 |  10.9 | .. | .. | .. |  4.8
Low educated (%) | 34.3 | 43.2 |  39.0 | 20.3 | 24.2 |  22.3 | .. | .. | .. | 28.7
Highly educated (%) | 39.0 | 32.7 |  35.7 | 52.9 | 46.5 |  49.6 | .. | .. | .. | 40.9
Total emigration rates (%) |  0.8 |  0.9 |   0.9 |  0.6 |  0.6 |   0.6 | .. | .. | .. |  0.7
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  8.3 |  9.5 |   8.9 |  7.6 |  9.0 |   8.3 | .. | .. | .. |  7.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
United Kingdom | 59.9 | 39.7 |  7.4 | 51.6 | 44.1 |  6.3 |  53.1
Kenya | 34.0 | 22.5 |   .. | 60.5 |  3.3 | 24.2 | 174.7
United States | 17.5 | 11.6 | 14.4 | 50.1 | 63.3 | 10.5 |  11.5
Canada | 11.2 |  7.4 |  6.7 | 53.7 | 62.7 |  3.8 |  10.9
Sudan |  9.7 |  6.4 |   .. | 38.4 |  4.0 | 38.9 |    ..
South Africa |  5.3 |  3.5 |   .. | 30.8 | 28.9 | 14.5 |   1.8
Sweden |  2.4 |  1.6 | 25.5 | 52.0 | 34.2 | 15.5 |   2.2
Australia |  1.9 |  1.3 | 20.2 | 49.1 | 57.4 | 15.8 |   1.0
Denmark |  1.2 |  0.8 | 19.3 | 63.0 | 16.5 | 21.9 |   0.8
Netherlands |  1.0 |  0.6 |  4.4 | 50.3 | 73.9 |  4.4 |    ..

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Uganda living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 77.4 | 63.0 | 70.3 | 75.7 | 66.4 | 70.8
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.5 |  7.7 |  7.0 |  9.4 |  9.8 |  9.6
Participation rate (%) | 82.8 | 68.2 | 75.6 | 83.5 | 73.6 | 78.3
Total employed (thousands) | 30.6 | 24.1 | 54.7 | 32.3 | 30.9 | 63.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 86.2 | 75.3 | 81.3 | 82.6 | 75.9 | 79.3
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.6 |  5.7 |  5.0 |  6.8 |  8.0 |  7.4
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 27.2 |   .. |   .. | 32.0
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 15.0 | 10.7 | 25.7 | 18.9 | 17.1 | 36.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 51.4 | 55.3 | 45.5 | 50.7
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  5.4
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  4.3
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 42.1 | 37.0 | 48.8 | 42.7
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  6.5 |  7.7 |  5.7 |  6.6

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 26.4 | +52.2 | United Kingdom | 17.4 |  -3.8
United States | 11.0 | +71.3 | United States |  1.4 | +15.5
Canada |  7.0 | +16.9 | Canada |  1.2 | -35.8
Australia |  1.1 | +69.6 | Denmark |  0.4 | +47.4
Sweden |  0.8 | +50.0 | Sweden |  0.3 | -43.3
Total | 49.3 | +53.1 | Total | 22.1 |  -1.9

International students from Uganda in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   921 |   961 |   849
United States |   770 |   844 |   755
Canada |   112 |   150 |   150
Germany |   107 |   123 |   131
Australia |    99 |   106 |   121
Total | 2 430 | 2 682 | 2 723

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (1 340, 0%), CAN (355, 0%), DEU (233, 0%), SWE (224, 0%), JPN (210, 0%), NOR (118, 0%), NLD (93, 0%), KOR (88, 0%), AUS (55, 0%), AUT (46, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 38 | 50 | 13 | 35 | 40
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  9
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 38
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (34%), United Kingdom (16%), Kenya (8%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269895

Zambia

Total population 2013 (millions) | 14.5 |  |  | Zambia compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.2 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 141/187 | 10/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 1 845 |  |  | GDP per capita | 140/209 | 14/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 6.7 |  |  | Emigration rate | 167/203 | 30/48
Poverty rate 2010 (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | 86.56 |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 14/144 | 4/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 47%; “15-64”: 51%; “65+”: 3% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Immigrant population (15+)

Emigrant population: Persons born in Zambia living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 61.8 | 74.2 | 136.0 | 24.9 | 28.6 | 53.5 | .. | .. | .. | 35.0
Recent emigrants (thousands) |   .. |   .. |    .. |  3.0 |  3.6 |  6.6 | .. | .. | .. |  3.6
15-24 (%) | 17.8 | 18.6 |  18.3 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 12.9 | .. | .. | .. | 16.4
25-64 (%) | 78.2 | 76.3 |  77.2 | 84.8 | 83.4 | 84.1 | .. | .. | .. | 81.9
65+ (%) |  4.0 |  5.0 |   4.5 |  2.9 |  3.2 |  3.1 | .. | .. | .. |  1.7
Low educated (%) | 30.7 | 39.6 |  35.5 | 11.1 | 13.5 | 12.4 | .. | .. | .. | 14.7
Highly educated (%) | 33.0 | 27.7 |  30.1 | 57.8 | 55.5 | 56.5 | .. | .. | .. | 49.5
Total emigration rates (%) |  1.7 |  2.1 |   1.9 |  0.7 |  0.8 |  0.8 | .. | .. | .. |  0.6
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) | 28.8 | 43.8 |  34.7 | 23.3 | 39.3 | 29.6 | .. | .. | .. | 16.3

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
Malawi | 38.8 | 28.5 |   .. | 60.1 |  1.3 | 22.9 |  3.8
South Africa | 27.7 | 20.4 |   .. | 50.2 | 18.9 | 10.2 | 22.1
United Kingdom | 27.5 | 20.2 | 14.3 | 54.7 | 55.2 | 10.7 | 20.4
United States | 11.8 |  8.7 |   .. | 53.0 | 53.2 | 20.7 |  5.7
Mozambique | 11.0 |  8.1 |   .. | 54.7 |  0.4 | 45.3 |   ..
Australia |  5.2 |  3.8 | 22.3 | 50.7 | 61.0 |  9.2 |  2.8
Botswana |  3.5 |  2.6 |   .. | 45.9 | 50.2 | 19.9 |   ..
Canada |  3.0 |  2.2 | 15.1 | 51.3 | 78.8 | 15.4 |  2.1
New Zealand |  1.4 |  1.0 | 13.1 | 53.5 | 52.8 |  9.6 |  0.9
Italy |  0.8 |  0.6 | 12.3 | 53.5 | 22.5 |  8.3 |  0.6

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Zambia living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 79.6 | 67.1 | 73.1 | 78.8 | 71.5 | 74.9
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.3 |  6.5 |  6.4 |  8.3 |  7.4 |  7.8
Participation rate (%) | 84.9 | 71.8 | 78.1 | 85.9 | 77.2 | 81.3
Total employed (thousands) | 13.1 | 12.0 | 25.0 | 14.8 | 15.5 | 30.3
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 87.7 | 77.7 | 82.8 | 85.6 | 80.2 | 82.7
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.0 |  4.3 |  4.1 |  6.2 |  5.5 |  5.8
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 21.8 |   .. |   .. | 25.3
Highly educated employed (thousands) |  7.5 |  6.3 | 13.8 |  9.3 |  9.9 | 19.3
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 58.3 | 61.3 | 55.3 | 58.1
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  3.6
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |  1.9
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 37.2 | 34.0 | 41.5 | 38.1
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  4.5 |  4.7 |  3.2 |  3.9

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 15.2 |  +59.9 | United Kingdom | 4.2 |  +30.7
United States |  6.3 | +103.6 | United States | 1.1 | +112.2
Australia |  3.2 | +131.3 | Australia | 0.2 |  -51.3
Canada |  2.4 |  +87.4 | Italy | 0.2 |  +14.3
New Zealand |  0.7 |  +60.9 | New Zealand | 0.2 | +814.3
Total | 30.0 |  +79.3 | Total | 6.6 |  +32.4

International students from Zambia in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United Kingdom |   629 |   606 |   546
United States |   788 |   635 |   518
Australia |   551 |   510 |   435
Canada |   134 |   159 |   171
Norway |    24 |    45 |    48
Total | 2 320 | 2 171 | 1 993

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Remittance flows

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): USA (643, 0%), JPN (254, 0%), AUS (182, 0%), CAN (85, 0%), DEU (51, 0%), NLD (50, 0%), NOR (45, 0%), SWE (29, 0%), ITA (12, 0%), KOR (11, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 22 | 31 | 24 | 21 | 24
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  |  6
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 33
Three main desired countries of destination: United States (29%), South Africa (17%), United Kingdom (14%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269919

Zimbabwe

Total population 2013 (millions) | 14.1 |  |  | Zimbabwe compared to: | World | Region
Population growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 3.1 |  |  | Human Development Index (HDI) | 156/187 | 20/46
GDP per capita 2013 (current USD) | 953 |  |  | GDP per capita | 161/209 | 25/48
GDP growth 2013 (annual, in %) | 4.5 |  |  | Emigration rate | 129/203 | 13/48
Poverty rate (USD PPP 2 a day, in %) | .. |  |  | Emigration rate of the highly educated | 7/144 | 1/31
Age structure of the population (2013): “0-14”: 39%; “15-64”: 57%; “65+”: 4% 

Emigrant population (15+) living in OECD countries

Emigrant population: Persons born in Zimbabwe living abroad
| 2010/11 | 2000/01
| OECD and selected non-OECD destinations | OECD destinations | Intra-regional | OECD destinations
Population 15+ | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total | Total
Emigrant population (thousands) | 490.5 | 410.4 | 900.9 | 86.3 | 98.0 | 184.3 | .. | .. | .. | 77.8
Recent emigrants (thousands) |    .. |    .. |    .. | 17.6 | 18.5 |  36.1 | .. | .. | .. |  9.7
15-24 (%) |  22.1 |  23.7 |  22.8 | 16.7 | 15.3 |  15.9 | .. | .. | .. | 20.3
25-64 (%) |  75.5 |  72.7 |  74.2 | 79.6 | 80.3 |  80.0 | .. | .. | .. | 76.7
65+ (%) |   2.4 |   3.7 |   3.0 |  3.7 |  4.4 |   4.1 | .. | .. | .. |  3.0
Low educated (%) |  28.2 |  27.9 |  28.1 | 13.9 | 14.5 |  14.2 | .. | .. | .. | 15.5
Highly educated (%) |  14.3 |  16.2 |  15.2 | 48.0 | 49.5 |  48.8 | .. | .. | .. | 42.7
Total emigration rates (%) |  11.5 |   9.5 |  10.5 |  2.2 |  2.5 |   2.3 | .. | .. | .. |  1.1
Emigration rates of the highly educated (%) |  49.6 |  59.4 |  54.0 | 36.9 | 51.7 |  43.7 | .. | .. | .. | 30.1

Main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11
| Total | Recent emigrants | Women | Highly educated | 15-24 | Total in 2000/01
Population 15+ | Thousands | % | % | % | % | % | Thousands
South Africa | 608.3 | 67.5 |   .. | 42.5 |  5.9 | 26.2 | 126.6
United Kingdom | 112.5 | 12.5 | 18.3 | 55.0 | 44.8 | 16.3 |  44.5
Botswana |  55.5 |  6.2 |   .. | 43.0 | 14.4 | 21.2 |    ..
Malawi |  35.6 |  4.0 |   .. | 57.4 |  2.2 | 11.1 |   2.6
Australia |  27.1 |  3.0 | 28.3 | 50.7 | 52.3 | 15.7 |  10.7
United States |  17.0 |  1.9 | 14.8 | 51.1 | 61.4 | 17.1 |  10.6
Zambia |  16.0 |  1.8 |   .. | 56.3 |  3.1 |  4.9 |    ..
Canada |   9.2 |  1.0 | 29.2 | 50.3 | 64.0 | 16.4 |   3.8
New Zealand |   7.4 |  0.8 | 15.2 | 52.4 | 40.8 | 16.8 |   2.5
Ireland |   2.4 |  0.3 | 25.9 | 53.9 | 45.7 | 17.8 |   1.2

Indicators of the labour market situation of persons born in Zimbabwe living in OECD countries
| 2000/01 | 2010/11
Population 15-64 | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | Total
Employment rate (%) | 75.5 | 64.6 | 69.8 | 74.9 | 69.9 |  72.3
Unemployment rate (%) |  6.9 |  7.1 |  7.0 | 11.3 |  8.8 |  10.1
Participation rate (%) | 81.1 | 69.6 | 75.0 | 84.5 | 76.7 |  80.3
Total employed (thousands) | 26.8 | 25.4 | 52.2 | 62.0 | 64.9 | 126.9
Employment rate of the highly educated (%) | 84.1 | 75.3 | 79.6 | 83.8 | 80.6 |  82.1
Unemployment rate of the highly educated (%) |  4.3 |  4.3 |  4.3 |  9.2 |  5.3 |   7.2
Highly educated in low-and medium-skilled jobs (%) |   .. |   .. | 22.7 |   .. |   .. |  26.9
Highly educated employed (thousands) | 12.9 | 11.9 | 24.8 | 34.3 | 37.7 |  72.0
Distribution of employment by occupation (%), population 15+ |  |  |  |  |  |
Highly skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 53.8 | 55.0 | 53.5 |  54.4
Of which: Health professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   7.5
Of which: Teaching professionals |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   .. |   4.4
Medium-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. | 40.5 | 36.5 | 42.6 |  39.4
Low-skilled occupations |   .. |   .. |  5.7 |  8.5 |  3.9 |   6.2

Main OECD destinations by education level in 2010/11 (population 15+)
Highly educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%) | Low educated emigrants (thousands) | Change since 2000/01 (%)
United Kingdom | 50.4 | +208.2 | United Kingdom | 19.9 |   +177.6
Australia | 14.2 | +213.1 | Australia |  1.5 |    -18.3
United States | 10.4 |  +84.0 | New Zealand |  1.3 | +1 553.8
Canada |  5.9 | +171.3 | United States |  0.8 |    +30.4
New Zealand |  3.0 | +165.1 | Canada |  0.6 |    +36.3
Total | 89.0 | +181.1 | Total | 25.9 |   +124.8

International students from Zimbabwe in OECD countries
Five main destinations | 2008 | 2010 | 2012
United States | 1 423 | 1 149 | 1 125
United Kingdom | 2 027 | 1 413 | 1 059
Australia | 1 464 | 1 132 |   657
Canada |   176 |   186 |   240
Germany |    72 |    86 |   110
Total | 5 348 | 4 246 | 3 531

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

Ten main OECD countries of destination for legal migrants in 2012 (numbers, % of the total flows to the country): GBR (2 000, 0%), AUS (1 161, 0%), USA (914, 0%), CAN (465, 0%), DEU (170, 0%), JPN (163, 0%), NZL (118, 0%), NLD (70, 0%), POL (30, 0%), CHE (27, 0%).

Desire to emigrate, 2007-13
| Women | 15-24 | Highly educated | Employed | Total
Persons who would move permanently, if they had the opportunity to do so (%) | 33 | 49 | 35 | 27 | 36
Of which: Persons who are planning to move permanently in the next 12 months (%) |  |  |  |  | 19
Of which: Persons who have already made any preparations for this move (e.g. visa application) (%) |  |  |  |  | 48
Three main desired countries of destination: South Africa (35%), United Kingdom (17%), United States (14%).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269925

Annex A.

Data sources and definitions

1. Data sources

Background information

World Development Indicators, World Bank (Total population; Population by age; GDP; Poverty rate).

Barro and Lee (2013),¹ Education dataset, Total population aged 15+ by educational attainment.

United Nations Development Programme (Human Development Index).

OECD Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC 2010/11), Emigration rates.

Emigration and immigration

OECD Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E 2010/11).

Labour market indicators

OECD Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC 2010/11).

International students

UNESCO-OECD-Eurostat (UOE) data collection on education statistics, compiled on the basis of national administrative sources, reported by Ministries of Education or National Statistical Offices.

Legal migrant flows to the OECD

OECD Database on International Migration.

Remittance flows

World Bank remittances data.

Desire to emigrate

Gallup World Poll Survey 2007-13.

2. Description of data sources

Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC 2010/11)

The Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC 2010/11) is an update of DIOC 2000/01. DIOC 2010/11 contains information on more than 200 countries or regions of origin, by educational attainment level, age, sex, labour force status and occupation for 33 OECD destination countries (excluding Korea). Data are based on population register and census data around 2010/11, on national surveys for three OECD countries (Canada, Chile and the United States) and on Labour Force Survey data for four OECD countries (Austria, Israel, Switzerland and Turkey). The latter data, except Israeli data, are averaged over a two-year period to improve the reliability of population estimates.

In tables and figures with comparisons between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the population refers to persons aged 15+ and Iceland is not included as data were not available for 2000/01. For Austria, Switzerland, Israel and Turkey, the population of reference in all tables and figures is the population aged 15+, as there is no information available on persons aged 0-15 in these countries.

Data on occupations presented in the country notes do not include migrants living in Turkey. Data on “Life science and health professionals” and “Teaching professionals” are not available for the following OECD destinations: Belgium, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Sweden and Turkey.

Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC 2010/11 and DIOC-E 2010/11)

DIOC-E 2010/11 contains data on 84 countries of residence and covers all individuals living in these countries, by educational attainment level, age, sex, labour force status and occupation. For most countries the place of birth is used to identify migrants, although in some few cases the criterion of nationality had to be used. The share of persons with unknown place of birth is less than 1% for the whole database.

Census data were used for 69 countries, population register data for four countries, national surveys for four countries, and national Labour Force Survey data for an additional seven countries.

Some Sub-Saharan countries report information about country of birth grouped in regions. In this publication, all individuals for whom the reported place of birth was Africa, were treated as intra-regional migrants (i.e. from another Sub-Saharan country).

In tables and figures with comparisons between 2000/01 and 2010/11, the population refers to persons aged 15 and above.

Data on main OECD and selected non-OECD destinations in 2010/11 below specific thresholds have been omitted for destination countries where the data source is a survey: Austria (2 121), Chile (30 persons), Israel (2 000), Malaysia (3 000), Paraguay (3 000), Switzerland (707), Tajikistan (3 000), Turkey (353) and for Thailand (3 000) for which a 1% sample of the Census was used. All figures corresponding to a total member of emigrants below 300 have also been omitted from the table.

Table A.1. Data sources, DIOC-E 2010/11
| Source |  | Source
Albania | Census 2011 | Lithuania | Census 2011
Argentina | Census 2010 | Luxembourg | Census 2011
Armenia | Census 2011 | Malawi | Census 2008
Australia | Census 2011 | Malaysia | Labour Force Survey 2010
Austria | Labour Force Survey (Eurostat) 2010/11 | Mali | Census 2009
Belarus | Census 2009 | Malta | Labour Force Survey (Eurostat) 2010/11
Belgium | Census 2011 | Mauritius | Census 2011
Botswana | Census 2011 | Mexico | Census 2010
Brazil | Census 2010 | Mozambique | Census 2007
Bulgaria | Census 2011 | Namibia | Census 2011
Burkina Faso | Census 2006 | Nauru | Census 2011
Cambodia | Census 2008 | Netherlands | Census 2011
Cameroon | Census 2005 | New Zealand | Census 2013
Canada | National Household Survey (NHS) 2011 | Nicaragua | Census 2005
Chile | The National Socio-Economic Survey 2011 | Norway | Population Register 2011
Colombia | Census 2005 | Palau | Mini Census 2012
Costa Rica | Census 2011 | Panama | Census 2010
Croatia | Census 2011 | Paraguay | Labour Force Survey 2008, 2009 and 2010
Czech Republic | Census 2011 | Peru | Census 2007
Denmark | Population Register 2011 | Philippines | Census 2010
Dominican Republic | Census 2010 | Poland | Census 2011
Ecuador | Census 2010 | Portugal | Census 2011
Egypt | Census 2006 | Puerto Rico | Census 2005
El Salvador | Census 2007 | Romania | Census 2011
Estonia | Census 2011 | Russian Federation | Census 2010
Fiji | Census 2007 | Serbia | Census 2011
Finland | Population Register 2010 | Seychelles | Census 2010
France | Census 2011 | Slovak Republic | Census 2011
Germany | Micro Census 2011 | Slovenia | Census 2011
Greece | Census 2011 | South Africa | Census 2011
Grenada | Census 2011 | Spain | Census 2011
Hungary | Census 2011 | Sudan | Census 2008
Iceland | Census 2011 | Sweden | Population Register 2010
Indonesia | Census 2010 | Switzerland | Labour Force Survey (Eurostat) 2010/11
Ireland | Census 2011 | Tajikistan | Living Standard Survey 2007
Israel | Labour Force Survey 2011 | Thailand | Census 2010
Italy | Census 2011 | Trinidad and Tobago | Census 2011
Japan | Census 2010 | Turkey | Labour Force Survey (Eurostat) 2010/11
Kazakhstan | Census 2009 | United Kingdom | Census 2011
Kenya | Census 2009 | United States | American Community Survey 2007-11
Latvia | Census 2011 | Uruguay | Census 2011
Liberia | Census 2008 | Zambia | Census 2010
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271055

Legal migrant flows (OECD International Migration Database)

International migration flows to the OECD countries are not harmonised across countries and should therefore be interpreted with caution. For example, Australian and United States data include only permanent migrants while German ones include many temporary migrants (temporary and seasonal workers, asylum seekers, students, etc.). For France no data on intra-European migrant flows are available. Data for Ireland are adjusted based on the structure of the Personal Public Service (PPS) number allocations by nationality and for the United Kingdom the International Passenger Survey is taken into account.

Remittances data (World Bank)

Migrant remittances are defined as the sum of workers’ remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants’ transfers. Workers’ remittances are private transfers from migrant workers who are considered residents of the host country to recipients in the workers’ country of origin.

Informal flows are the most difficult aspect of remittance data to estimate. Some countries do not report data on remittances in the IMF Balance of Payments statistics, several developing countries (such as Afghanistan, Cuba, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Zimbabwe) do not report remittance inflows data to the IMF, and some high-income countries (for example Canada, Qatar, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates) do not report data on remittance outflows (World Bank, 2011).

In order to ensure comparability across time, the regional aggregates have been produced by using data for 159 countries of origin which report information in all years from 2005 to 2014.

International students (UOE data collection)

International students are defined as students with permanent residence outside the reporting country. This publication restricts the analysis to the years 2008-12. OECD destinations are restricted to those with available data both in 2008 and 2012. In addition, for countries with no data on international students available in one of the years, data on non-citizen students have been used instead to ensure comparability. Data on foreign students have been used for the following countries: Czech Republic, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Korea, Mexico and Turkey.

Gallup World Poll Survey

The Gallup World Poll Survey covers a large range of behavioural and economic topics and is conducted in approximately 160 countries around the world based on a common questionnaire, translated into the predominant languages of each country. Since 2006, more than 100 questions are asked each year to a representative sample of around 1 000 persons aged 15 and over. Gallup collects oversamples in major cities or regions of special interest in some countries. In large countries, such as China, India and the Russian Federation, sample sizes for each survey administration include up to 4 000 adults. Results may however be affected by sampling errors. The data used in this publication are from the years 2007-13. Rates based on less than 30 observations are not presented in the country notes. The questions related to migration intentions are the following:

“Ideally, if you had the opportunity, would you like to move permanently to another country, or would you prefer to continue living in this country?”

“To which country would you like to move?” (this question is only asked to those who would like to move to another country).

Individuals who answered “yes” to this question are referred to as individuals who would like to move permanently over their lifetime.

“Are you planning to move permanently to another country in the next 12 months or not?” (this question is only asked to those who would like to move to another country)

“To which country are you planning to move in the next 12 months?” (this question is only asked to those who are planning to move to another country in the next 12 months).

Individuals who answered “yes” to this question are referred to as individuals who would like to move permanently in the next 12 months.

“Have you done any preparation for this move (for example, applied for residency or visa, purchased the ticket, etc.)?” (this question is only asked to those who are planning to move in the next 12 months.)

3. Definitions

Emigration rates

The emigration rate of a given origin country i in a given year is defined as the share of the native population of country i residing abroad at this time:

mi = Mi/(Mi + Ni)

where Mi is the emigrant population from country i living abroad, and Ni is the population living in country i. Similarly, the emigration rate of the highly educated is the same calculation, limited to the highly educated.

Highly educated

Tertiary educational attainment level according to the 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 5/6).

Highly educated in low- and medium-skilled jobs

Percentage of highly educated employed persons who are in occupations other than those defined as highly skilled. Managers, professionals, technicians and associate professionals are classified as highly skilled occupations.

Low educated

Lower secondary educational attainment level according to the 1997 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 0/1/2).

Recent emigrant

Foreign-born persons with a residence of less than five years in the current country of residence.

Table A.2. Abbreviation codes (ISO)
AFG | Afghanistan | DOM | Dominican Republic | LBN | Lebanon | PSE | West Bank and Gaza Strip
AGO | Angola | DZA | Algeria | LBR | Liberia | QAT | Qatar
ALB | Albania | ECU | Ecuador | LBY | Libya | ROU | Romania
AND | Andorra | EGY | Egypt | LCA | Saint Lucia | RUS | Russia
ARE | United Arab Emirates | ERI | Eritrea | LIE | Liechtenstein | RWA | Rwanda
ARG | Argentina | ESP | Spain | LKA | Sri Lanka | SAU | Saudi Arabia
ARM | Armenia | EST | Estonia | LSO | Lesotho | SDN | Sudan
ATG | Antigua and Barbuda | ETH | Ethiopia | LTU | Lithuania | SEN | Senegal
AUS | Australia | FIN | Finland | LVA | Latvia | SGP | Singapore
AUT | Austria | FJI | Fiji | MAC | Macau, China | SLB | Solomon Islands
AZE | Azerbaijan | FRA | France | MAR | Morocco | SLE | Sierra Leone
BDI | Burundi | FSM | Micronesia | MCO | Monaco | SLV | El Salvador
BEL | Belgium | GAB | Gabon | MDA | Moldova | SMR | San Marino
BEN | Benin | GBR | United Kingdom | MDG | Madagascar | SOM | Somalia
BFA | Burkina Faso | GEO | Georgia | MDV | Maldives | SRB | Serbia
BGD | Bangladesh | GHA | Ghana | MEX | Mexico | STP | Sao Tome and Principe
BGR | Bulgaria | GIN | Guinea | MHL | Marshall Islands | SUN | Former USSR
BHR | Bahrain | GMB | Gambia | MKD | Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | SUR | Suriname
BHS | Bahamas | GNB | Guinea-Bissau | MLI | Mali | SVK | Slovak Republic
BIH | Bosnia and Herzegovina | GNQ | Equatorial Guinea | MLT | Malta | SWE | Sweden
BLR | Belarus | GRC | Greece | MMR | Myanmar | SWZ | Swaziland
BLZ | Belize | GRD | Grenada | MNE | Montenegro | SYR | Syria
BMU | Bermuda | GTM | Guatemala | MNG | Mongolia | TCD | Chad
BOL | Bolivia | GUM | Guam | MOZ | Mozambique | TGO | Togo
BRA | Brazil | GUY | Guyana | MRT | Mauritania | THA | Thailand
BRB | Barbados | HKG | Hong Kong, China | MUS | Mauritius | TJK | Tajikistan
BRN | Brunei Darussalam | HND | Honduras | MWI | Malawi | TKL | Tokelau
BTN | Bhutan | HRV | Croatia | MYS | Malaysia | TKM | Turkmenistan
BWA | Botswana | HTI | Haiti | NAM | Namibia | TLS | Timor-Leste
CAF | Central African Republic | HUN | Hungary | NER | Niger | TON | Tonga
CAN | Canada | IDN | Indonesia | NGA | Nigeria | TTO | Trinidad and Tobago
CHE | Switzerland | IND | India | NIC | Nicaragua | TUN | Tunisia
CHL | Chile | IRL | Ireland | NIU | Niue | TUR | Turkey
CHN | China (People’s Republic of) | IRN | Iran | NLD | Netherlands | TUV | Tuvalu
CIV | Côte d’Ivoire | IRQ | Iraq | NOR | Norway | TWN | Chinese Taipei
CMR | Cameroon | ISL | Iceland | NPL | Nepal | TZA | Tanzania
COD | Democratic Republic of the Congo | ISR | Israel | NRU | Nauru | UGA | Uganda
COG | Congo | ITA | Italy | NZL | New Zealand | UKR | Ukraine
COK | Cook Islands | JAM | Jamaica | OMN | Oman | URY | Uruguay
COL | Colombia | JOR | Jordan | PAK | Pakistan | USA | United States
COM | Comoros | JPN | Japan | PAN | Panama | UZB | Uzbekistan
CPV | Cabo Verde | KAZ | Kazakhstan | PER | Peru | VCT | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
CRI | Costa Rica | KEN | Kenya | PHL | Philippines | VEN | Venezuela
CSK | Former Czechoslovakia | KGZ | Kyrgyzstan | PLW | Palau | VUT | Vanuatu
CUB | Cuba | KHM | Cambodia | PNG | Papua New Guinea | WSM | Samoa
CZE | Czech Republic | KIR | Kiribati | POL | Poland | YEM | Yemen
DEU | Germany | KNA | Saint Kitts and Nevis | PRI | Puerto Rico | YUCS | Former Yugoslavia
DJI | Djibouti | KOR | Korea | PRK | Democratic People’s Republic of Korea | ZAF | South Africa
DMA | Dominica | KWT | Kuwait | PRT | Portugal | ZMB | Zambia
DNK | Denmark | LAO | Lao People’s Democratic Republic | PRY | Paraguay | ZWE | Zimbabwe
StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271062

Note

 1. Barro, R.J. and J.W. Lee (2013), “A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950–2010”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 104, September 2013, pp. 184-198.

Annex B.

Expatriation rates by country of birth, 2010/11

Figure B.1. All persons (aged 15 and above)

Source: OECD Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E 2010/11).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269068

Figure B.2. Highly educated persons (aged 15 and above)

Information on data for Israel: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932315602.

Source: OECD Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries (DIOC-E 2010/11).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933269072

Annex C.

Expatriation rates for nurses and doctors, circa 2010

Table C.1. Numbers and expatriation rates for doctors and nurses, by country of birth
Doctors | Nurses
Country of birth | Number of persons working in OECD countries | Expatriation rate to OECD countries | Country of birth | Number of persons working in OECD countries | Expatriation rate to OECD countries
OECD | 143 100 |  4.1 | OECD | 282 778 |  2.8
EU28 | 115 740 |  6.3 | EU28 | 209 307 |  4.9
Africa |  75 116 | 13.9 | Africa | 137 633 | 12.6
Southern Africa |  | 21.7 | Southern Africa |  | 14.2
Middle Africa |  | 36.5 | Middle Africa |  | 16.8
Western Africa |  | 16.3 | Western Africa |  | 22.3
Eastern Africa |  | 31.4 | Eastern Africa |  | 23.1
Northern Africa |  | 8.7 | Northern Africa |  |  3.7
Americas |  74 275 |  4.4 | Americas | 206 089 |  4.2
Central America |  |  2.4 | Central America |  | 10.0
South America |  | 8.2 | South America |  |  7.5
Northern America |  |  2.0 | Northern America |  |  0.9
Caribbean |  | 12.9 | Caribbean |  | 41.8
Asia | 242 718 |  5.1 | Asia | 391 776 |  5.4
Central Asia |  |  0.3 | Central Asia |  |  0.3
South-Eastern Asia |  |  9.8 | South-Eastern Asia |  |  21.1
Southern Asia |  |  9.5 | Southern Asia |  |  5.8
Western Asia |  |  8.7 | Western Asia |  |  2.6
Eastern Asia |  |  1.6 | Eastern Asia |  |  1.4
Europe | 135 579 |  4.7 | Europe | 230 690 |  3.8
Southern Europe |  |  3.6 | Southern Europe |  |  3.6
Western Europe |  |  5.7 | Western Europe |  |  3.8
Eastern Europe |  |  3.4 | Eastern Europe |  |  2.5
Northern Europe |  |  9.1 | Northern Europe |  |  8.2
Oceania |   3 546 |  3.9 | Oceania |  21 167 |  7.0
Australia and New Zealand |  |  3.2 | Australia and New Zealand |  |  5.5
Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia | 54.9 | Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia | 43.0
Afghanistan |   1 240 | 14.1 | Afghanistan |   1 715 |  9.0
Albania |     564 | 13.6 | Albania |   1 345 |  9.5
Algeria |  11 423 | 21.8 | Algeria |   7 112 | 11.0
Andorra |      13 |  5.1 |  |  |
Angola |   1 539 | 34.2 | Angola |     931 |  3.1
|  |  | Antigua and Barbuda |     685 | 74.6
Argentina |   5 717 |  4.5 | Argentina |   2 152 | 12.9
Armenia |     412 |  4.8 | Armenia |   1 084 |  7.2
Australia |   1 243 |  1.7 | Australia |   6 097 |  2.6
Austria |   1 057 |  2.5 | Austria |   2 049 |  3.0
Azerbaijan |     165 |  0.5 | Azerbaijan |     345 |  0.6
Bahamas |       5 |  0.5 | Bahamas |     628 | 31.1
Bahrain |     409 | 25.3 | Bahrain |      21 |  0.7
Bangladesh |   2 759 |  4.9 | Bangladesh |   1 500 |  5.3
Barbados |     215 | 30.5 | Barbados |   2 997 | 69.6
Belarus |   1 212 |  3.3 | Belarus |     985 |  1.0
Belgium |   2 702 |  7.7 | Belgium |   6 814 |  4.2
|  |  | Belize |   1 227 | 69.9
Benin |     289 | 34.8 |  |  |
Bolivia |     610 | 11.3 | Bolivia |     912 |  8.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina |   1 826 | 21.5 |  |  |
Botswana |      51 |  7.9 | Botswana |      44 |  0.9
Brazil |   3 450 |  8.9 | Brazil |   4 297 |  1.5
Brunei Darussalam |     292 | 32.4 | Brunei Darussalam |     105 |  3.8
Bulgaria |   3 145 | 10.0 | Bulgaria |   1 447 |  4.4
Burkina Faso |      89 | 11.1 | Burkina Faso |  |
Burundi |     269 | 57.3 | Burundi |     946 | 41.4
Cabo Verde |     193 | 53.6 | Cabo Verde |     853 | 76.8
Cambodia |     753 | 18.2 | Cambodia |   1 634 | 16.1
Cameroon |   2 174 | 61.8 | Cameroon |   6 108 | 44.5
Canada |  10 619 | 11.2 | Canada |  28 229 |  8.1
Central African Republic |     156 | 43.2 |  |  |
Chad |      94 | 20.3 |  |  |
Chile |   1 430 |  7.6 | Chile |   2 278 | 75.2
China (People’s Republic of) |  26 583 |  1.3 | China (People’s Republic of) |  24 440 |  1.1
Colombia |   7 535 |  9.5 | Colombia |   6 409 | 17.5
Comoros |      34 | 22.8 |  |  |
Congo |   2 202 | 84.6 | Congo |   4 566 | 61.5
Democratic Republic of the Congo |   1 579 | 21.3 | Democratic Republic of the Congo |   2 155 |  7.0
Cook Islands |      12 | 33.3 | Cook Islands |      69 | 37.3
|  |  | Costa Rica |     843 | 18.4
Côte d’Ivoire |     388 | 12.4 | Côte d’Ivoire |     865 | 11.0
Croatia |     836 |  6.3 | Croatia |   3 589 | 13.1
Cuba |   6 749 |  8.1 | Cuba |   8 969 |  8.0
Cyprus |   1 714 | 40.2 | Cyprus |     654 | 14.3
Czech Republic |   1 681 |  4.2 | Czech Republic |   2 318 |  2.7
Denmark |     878 |  4.4 | Denmark |   2 091 |  2.4
Djibouti |       9 |  4.6 | Djibouti |     970 | 68.9
Dominica |       8 |  6.1 |  |  |
Dominican Republic |   2 180 | 12.7 | Dominican Republic |   3 382 | 20.2
Ecuador |   1 631 |  6.5 | Ecuador |   2 060 |  7.3
Egypt |   8 218 |  3.5 | Egypt |   1 561 |  0.6
El Salvador |     469 |  3.9 | El Salvador |   5 318 | 64.5
|  |  | Equatorial Guinea |     193 | 47.0
Eritrea |      36 | 14.3 | Eritrea |   1 186 | 33.4
Estonia |     425 |  8.9 | Estonia |     549 |  6.2
Ethiopia |   1 207 | 35.9 | Ethiopia |   4 431 | 18.1
Fiji |     468 | 55.7 | Fiji |   3 484 | 64.0
Finland |     966 |  5.9 | Finland |   5 068 |  8.4
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia |     423 |  7.3 |  |  |
France |   5 697 |  2.8 | France |  13 007 |  2.2
Gabon |      93 | 19.1 |  |  |
Gambia |       8 |  4.4 |  |  |
Georgia |     778 |  4.1 | Georgia |     650 |  4.8
Germany |  25 460 |  7.5 | Germany |  48 249 |  5.0
Ghana |   2 051 | 46.9 | Ghana |  11 148 | 33.1
Greece |   4 964 |  6.7 | Greece |   1 226 |  3.2
Grenada |     195 | 73.9 | Grenada |   1 809 | 82.0
Guatemala |     442 |  3.3 | Guatemala |   1 903 | 13.3
Guinea |     137 | 12.7 | Guinea |     337 |  7.7
Guinea-Bissau |     192 | 60.8 | Guinea-Bissau |     552 | 38.9
Guyana |     884 | 84.6 | Guyana |   9 423 | 95.9
Haiti |   2 093 | 51.8 | Haiti |  25 137 | 96.8
Honduras |     433 | 13.9 | Honduras |   1 922 | 19.8
Hungary |   2 984 |  9.2 | Hungary |   2 798 |  4.3
Iceland |     175 | 13.5 | Iceland |     697 | 12.5
India |  86 680 |  8.6 | India |  70 471 |  5.4
Indonesia |   1 742 |  3.4 | Indonesia |   3 630 |  1.6
Iran |  12 758 | 17.1 | Iran |   7 985 |  7.5
Iraq |   5 298 | 21.2 |  |  |
Ireland |   5 489 | 31.0 | Ireland |  13 715 | 19.8
Israel |   2 617 |  9.4 | Israel |   1 175 |  3.1
Italy |   6 122 |  2.4 | Italy |   6 337 |  1.6
Jamaica |   2 659 | 70.7 | Jamaica |  38 701 | 93.0
Japan |   2 190 |  0.8 | Japan |   7 958 |  0.6
Jordan |   2 244 | 12.2 | Jordan |     719 |  3.0
Kazakhstan |     153 |  0.2 | Kazakhstan |     652 |  0.5
Kenya |   1 378 | 15.4 | Kenya |   8 928 | 21.3
Korea |   9 604 |  8.7 |  |  |
|  |  | Kiribati |      15 |  4.3
Kuwait |     983 | 15.5 | Kuwait |     346 |  2.5
Kyrgyzstan |     202 |  1.5 | Kyrgyzstan |      22 |  0.1
Laos |     301 | 19.9 | Laos |   2 142 | 27.7
Latvia |     207 |  3.1 | Latvia |     534 |  5.0
Lebanon |   6 799 | 33.3 | Lebanon |   2 535 | 18.0
|  |  | Lesotho |     152 | 11.9
Liberia |     236 | 82.2 | Liberia |   2 718 | 81.4
Libya |     540 |  4.3 | Libya |     140 |  0.3
Lithuania |   1 304 |  9.5 | Lithuania |   1 341 |  5.6
Luxembourg |     718 | 33.4 | Luxembourg |     315 |  4.7
Madagascar |   1 113 | 26.1 | Madagascar |   1 933 | 35.0
Malawi |     535 | 66.9 | Malawi |     705 | 12.8
Malaysia |   7 737 | 19.0 | Malaysia |   6 207 |  6.4
|  |  | Maldives |      14 |  0.7
Mali |     150 | 10.4 |  |  |
Malta |     606 | 31.0 | Malta |     871 | 23.7
Mauritania |      59 | 11.7 | Mauritania |     465 | 19.2
Mauritius |   1 459 | 52.8 | Mauritius |   4 956 | 52.8
Mexico |   5 116 |  2.1 | Mexico |  22 342 |  7.1
|  |  | Micronesia |     268 | 46.2
Moldova |     261 |  2.0 | Moldova |     462 |  2.1
Monaco |      79 | 24.0 |  |  |
Mongolia |      92 |  1.2 |  |  |
Montenegro |      33 |  2.6 | Montenegro |     103 |  3.2
Morocco |   6 936 | 25.1 | Morocco |   7 338 | 19.8
Mozambique |     902 | 49.8 | Mozambique |     921 |  8.9
Myanmar |   3 029 |  9.7 | Myanmar |     766 |  2.8
Namibia |     243 | 23.9 | Namibia |      42 |  0.7
Nepal |   1 548 | 22.3 | Nepal |   2 606 | 31.5
Netherlands |   3 356 |  6.4 | Netherlands |   7 483 |  5.1
New Zealand |   1 582 | 12.0 | New Zealand |   9 699 | 17.0
Nicaragua |     603 | 22.8 | Nicaragua |   2 474 | 29.7
Niger |     321 | 52.7 | Niger |     316 | 15.9
Nigeria |   8 207 | 12.3 | Nigeria |  27 303 | 17.1
Norway |     507 |  2.7 | Norway |   2 117 |  3.2
Oman |      56 |  0.9 | Oman |     118 |  0.8
Pakistan |  17 834 | 11.0 | Pakistan |   5 172 |  6.6
Panama |     283 |  4.9 | Panama |   2 799 | 24.6
Papua New Guinea |     148 | 30.8 | Papua New Guinea |     661 | 18.9
Paraguay |     150 |  2.3 | Paraguay |     235 |  2.4
Peru |   5 950 | 17.9 | Peru |   7 323 | 17.9
Philippines |  16 568 | 15.0 | Philippines | 221 344 | 38.6
Poland |   8 237 |  8.9 | Poland |  16 785 |  7.7
Portugal |     951 |  2.7 | Portugal |   7 491 | 10.4
Qatar |      60 |  0.9 |  |  |
Romania |  10 759 | 17.4 | Romania |  10 734 |  8.6
Russia |   6 822 |  0.9 | Russia |   7 935 |  0.7
Rwanda |     204 | 26.4 | Rwanda |   1 559 | 18.6
|  |  | Saint Kitts and Nevis |     355 | 54.7
|  |  | Saint Lucia |     518 | 61.8
St Vincent and the Grenadines |      35 | 36.1 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |   1 199 | 71.6
Samoa |      41 | 32.5 | Samoa |     545 | 64.7
Sao Tome and Principe |     113 | 58.2 |  |  |
Saudi Arabia |     819 |  3.8 | Saudi Arabia |   1 219 |  1.9
Senegal |     573 | 43.6 | Senegal |   1 019 | 18.6
Serbia |   1 706 |  7.6 |  |  |
Seychelles |       9 |  6.9 | Seychelles |      38 |  5.7
Sierra Leone |     337 | 71.3 | Sierra Leone |   4 331 | 82.4
Singapore |   1 761 | 16.6 | Singapore |   1 859 |  6.0
Slovak Republic |     920 |  4.9 | Slovak Republic |   3 266 |  9.3
Slovenia |     620 | 10.8 | Slovenia |   1 779 |  9.4
Solomon Islands |       6 |  4.8 | Solomon Islands |      39 |  4.0
Somalia |      31 |  9.4 | Somalia |   1 644 | 63.0
South Africa |  10 607 | 21.9 | South Africa |  11 090 | 16.5
Spain |   3 891 |  2.1 | Spain |   6 832 |  2.8
Sri Lanka |   5 784 | 28.3 | Sri Lanka |   5 372 | 13.2
Sudan |   1 313 | 10.8 | Sudan |     478 |  1.5
Suriname |     861 | 68.3 | Suriname |   5 730 | 69.4
Swaziland |       7 |  3.9 | Swaziland |     150 |  8.4
Sweden |   2 141 |  5.6 | Sweden |   4 706 |  4.8
Switzerland |   1 325 |  4.2 | Switzerland |   1 614 |  1.2
Syria |   7 516 | 19.7 | Syria |     828 |  2.1
Tajikistan |      13 |  0.1 | Tajikistan |      44 |  0.2
Tanzania |     499 | 62.4 | Tanzania |   1 406 | 17.3
Thailand |   1 709 |  6.1 | Thailand |   4 161 |  2.9
Timor-Leste |      38 | 31.1 | Timor-Leste |      71 |  7.4
Togo |     237 | 40.4 | Togo |     348 | 21.9
Tonga |      33 | 36.3 | Tonga |     538 | 58.7
Trinidad and Tobago |   2 155 | 58.3 | Trinidad and Tobago |   9 219 | 66.3
Tunisia |   3 227 | 19.9 | Tunisia |   1 575 |  4.4
Turkey |   2 469 |  1.9 | Turkey |   2 381 |  1.9
Turkmenistan |       6 |  0.0 |  |  |
Uganda |   1 000 | 22.9 | Uganda |   2 839 |  7.0
Ukraine |   4 893 |  3.0 | Ukraine |   6 691 |  2.0
United Arab Emirates |     151 |  1.6 | United Arab Emirates |      59 |  0.3
United Kingdom |  17 912 |  9.4 | United Kingdom |  51 845 |  9.0
United States |   7 053 |  0.9 | United States |   7 183 |  0.2
Uruguay |     500 |  3.6 | Uruguay |     517 |  2.6
Uzbekistan |      69 |  0.1 | Uzbekistan |     880 |  0.3
Vanuatu |      13 | 33.3 | Vanuatu |      35 |  9.5
Venezuela |   4 244 |  8.1 | Venezuela |   1 740 |  5.9
Viet Nam |  10 055 |  8.9 | Viet Nam |  11 431 | 13.3
Yemen |     439 |  8.3 | Yemen |      69 |  0.6
Zambia |   1 399 | 62.6 | Zambia |   1 832 | 19.7
Zimbabwe |   1 048 | 55.9 | Zimbabwe |  12 673 | 43.2
Note by Turkey:

The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.

Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union:

The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

Source: DIOC 2000/01; DIOC 2010/11, LFS 2009/12 and Global Health Observatory (WHO).

StatLink  http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933271076

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